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ASTM D3270-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Semiautomated Method)

Standard Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Semiautomated Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods may be used for determining the fluoride content of particulate matter and gases collected from the atmosphere by passive and active means, including plant tissues. The user is warned that the fluoride content of passive collectors (including plants) give only qualitative or semiquantitative measurement of atmospheric fluoride content.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the semiautomated procedure for the analyses of various types of samples for the purpose of determining total fluoride. Since the test methods incorporate microdistillation of the sample, they may be applied to any fluoride-containing solution where standards of identical composition have been carried through the same sample preparation procedures and have proven to provide quantitative recovery when analyzed by the semiautomated system. Conversely, the methods shall not be applied for analyses until the applicability has been demonstrated.  
1.2 In normal use, the procedure can detect 0.1 μg/mL of F. The normal range of analysis is from 0.1 to 1.6 μg/mL of F. Higher concentrations can be analyzed by careful dilution of samples with reagent water. If digested samples routinely exceed 1.6 μg/mL of F, the analytical portion of the pump manifold can be modified to reduce sensitivity. However, the best procedure is to analyze a smaller aliquot of the sample. Most accurate results are obtained when the fluoride concentration falls in the middle or upper part of the calibration curve.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 8.3, 10.2.4, and 10.2.5 for additional precautions.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2013
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D3270-13 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Semiautomated Method)ASTM D3270-13 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Semiautomated Method)
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REDLINE ASTM D3270-13 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Semiautomated Method)REDLINE ASTM D3270-13 - Standard Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Semiautomated Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3270 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant
1
Tissues (Semiautomated Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods describe the semiautomated proce-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dure for the analyses of various types of samples for the
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
purpose of determining total fluoride. Since the test methods
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
incorporate microdistillation of the sample, they may be
Atmospheres
applied to any fluoride-containing solution where standards of
D3266Test Method for Automated Separation and Collec-
identical composition have been carried through the same
tion of Particulate and Acidic Gaseous Fluoride in the
sample preparation procedures and have proven to provide
Atmosphere (Double Paper Tape Sampler Method)
quantitative recovery when analyzed by the semiautomated
D3267Test Method for Separation and Collection of Par-
system. Conversely, the methods shall not be applied for
ticulate and Water-Soluble Gaseous Fluorides in the At-
analyses until the applicability has been demonstrated.
mosphere (Filter and Impinger Method)
D3268Test Method for Separation and Collection of Par-
1.2 In normal use, the procedure can detect 0.1 µg/mLof F.
ticulate and Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (So-
The normal range of analysis is from 0.1 to 1.6 µg/mL of F.
Higher concentrations can be analyzed by careful dilution of dium Bicarbonate-Coated Glass Tube and Particulate
Filter Method)
samples with reagent water. If digested samples routinely
exceed 1.6 µg/mL of F, the analytical portion of the pump D3269Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of
the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Manual Procedures)
manifold can be modified to reduce sensitivity. However, the
3
best procedure is to analyze a smaller aliquot of the sample. (Withdrawn 2010)
D3614Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and
Most accurate results are obtained when the fluoride concen-
trationfallsinthemiddleorupperpartofthecalibrationcurve. Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these
methods, see Terminology D1356.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Methods
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 These semiautomated methods are based on the distil-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lation of hydrogen fluoride (HF) from the sample and subse-
See 8.3, 10.2.4, and 10.2.5 for additional precautions.
quent reaction of the distillate with alizarin fluorine blue-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
lanthanum nitrate reagent, to form a blue complex which is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4
measured colorimetrically at 624 nm (1), or the subsequent
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
measurement with a specific ion probe.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Quality and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient the ASTM website.
3
Atmospheres and Source Emissions. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3270–00 (2006). The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of this
DOI: 10.1520/D3270-13. method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3270 − 13
4.2 General, Plant Material: solid matter, particularly silicates, will also retard distillation.
Accordingly, the smalle
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3270 − 00 (Reapproved 2006) D3270 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant
1
Tissues (Semiautomated Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods describe the semiautomated procedure for the analyses of various types of samples for the purpose of
determining total fluoride. Since the test methods incorporate microdistillation of the sample, they may be applied to any
fluoride-containing solution where standards of identical composition have been carried through the same sample preparation
procedures and have proven to provide quantitative recovery when analyzed by the semiautomated system. Conversely, the
methods shall not be applied for analyses until the applicability has been demonstrated.
1.2 In normal use, the procedure can detect 0.1 μg/mL of F. The normal range of analysis is from 0.1 to 1.6 μg/mL of F. Higher
concentrations can be analyzed by careful dilution of samples with reagent water. If digested samples routinely exceed 1.6 μg/mL
of F, the analytical portion of the pump manifold can be modified to reduce sensitivity. However, the best procedure is to analyze
a smaller aliquot of the sample. Most accurate results are obtained when the fluoride concentration falls in the middle or upper part
of the calibration curve.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See 8.3, 10.2.4, and 10.2.5 for additional precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3266 Test Method for Automated Separation and Collection of Particulate and Acidic Gaseous Fluoride in the Atmosphere
(Double Paper Tape Sampler Method)
D3267 Test Method for Separation and Collection of Particulate and Water-Soluble Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Filter
and Impinger Method)
D3268 Test Method for Separation and Collection of Particulate and Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Sodium
Bicarbonate-Coated Glass Tube and Particulate Filter Method)
D3269 Test Methods for Analysis for Fluoride Content of the Atmosphere and Plant Tissues (Manual Procedures) (Withdrawn
3
2010)
D3614 Guide for Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and Emissions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these methods, see Terminology D1356.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved April 1, 2006Oct. 1, 2013. Published May 2006October 2013. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
D3270 - 00.D3270 - 00(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D3270-00R06.10.1520/D3270-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3270 − 13
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 These semiautomated methods are based on the distillation of hydrogen fluoride (HF) from the sample and subsequent
reaction of the distillate with alizarin fluorine blue-lanthanum nitrate reagent, to form a blue complex which is measured
4
colorimetrically at 624 nm (1) , or the subsequent measurement with a specific ion probe.
4.2 General, Plant Material:
4.2.1 The plant material including leaf samples, washed or unwashed, is dried, and ground, then dissolved with perchloric acid
and diluted to 50 mL with water.
...

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Note 3: The term “lead-free” should never be used to describe the absence of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers how to conduct, document, and report findings of a lead hazard assessment of dwellings and of other child-occupied facilities.  
1.2 Procedures for assessment of personal items, such as toys, dishes, and hobby materials that may contribute to elevated lead levels in blood are not included in this guide.  
1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
1.6 Methods described in this guide may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1914-95(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 ASTM requires the use of SI units in all its publications and their use in reporting atmospheric measurement data. However, there are historic data and even data currently reported that are based on a variety of units of measurement. This practice tabulates factors that are necessary to convert such data to SI and other units of measurement.  
3.2 IEEE/ASTM SI-10 does not list all the conversion factors commonly used in air pollution and meteorological fields. This practice supplements IEEE/ASTM SI-10.  
3.3 The values reported here were obtained from a number of standard publications. They were adjusted to five figures and organized in a rational order. All values reflect the latest information from the 16th General Conference on Weights and Measurements held in 1979.  
3.4 The factors in Table 1 are provided to change units of measurement from one system to related units in other systems, as well as to smaller or larger units in the same system.  
3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
1.2 This practice is used together with IEEE/ASTM SI-10, which discusses SI units and contains selected conversion factors for inter-relation of SI units and some commonly used non-metric units.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8406-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
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1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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