ASTM D2625-94(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of Solid Film Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)
Standard Test Method for Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of Solid Film Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method differentiates between bonded solid lubricants with respect to their wear life and load-carrying capacity. If the test conditions are changed, wear life may change and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricants may be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method (see Note 1) covers the determination of the endurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of dry solid film lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications.
Note 1—Reference may be made to Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC) Report No. 419, “Development of Research Technique for Measuring Wear Life of Bonded Solid Lubricant Coatings for Airframes, Using the Falex Tester.” See also Military Specification MIL-L-8937 (ASG), Jan. 22, 1963, and Methods 3807 and 3812 of Federal Test Method 791a.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where equipment is supplied using inch-pound units and would then be regarded as standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units given in such cases in the body of the standard may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2625 − 94(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Endurance (Wear) Life and Load-Carrying Capacity of Solid
Film Lubricants (Falex Pin and Vee Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope MIL-P-16232FPhosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese or
Zinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)
1.1 This test method (see Note 1) covers the determination
2.3 Other Standards:
of the endurance (wear) life and load-carrying capacity of dry
42USC7671aClean Air Act Amendments of 1990
solid film lubricants in sliding steel-on-steel applications.
Federal Test Method 791aMethods3807 and3812
NOTE 1—Reference may be made to Coordinating Research Council,
Inc. (CRC) Report No. 419, “Development of Research Technique for
3. Terminology
Measuring Wear Life of Bonded Solid Lubricant Coatings forAirframes,
3.1 Definitions:
Using the Falex Tester.” See also Military Specification MIL-L-8937
(ASG), Jan. 22, 1963, and Methods3807 and3812 of Federal Test
3.1.1 dry solid film lubricants—dry coatings consisting of
Method 791a.
lubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or both
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the surfaces to be lubricated.
standardexceptwhereequipmentissuppliedusinginch-pound
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
units and would then be regarded as standard. The metric
3.2.1 direct load, n—theloadthatisappliedlinearly,bisect-
equivalentsofinch-poundunitsgiveninsuchcasesinthebody
ing the angle of the vee block corrected to either the 800-lbf
of the standard may be approximate.
(3550-N) gauge reference or the 3000-lbf (13300-N) gauge
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
reference.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.1.1 Discussion—This load is equivalent to the true load
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
times the cos 42°.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 endurance (wear) life—the length of test time before
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
failure under a constant loaded condition, in minutes, in which
the applied test lubricant performs its function.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 gauge load, n—the value obtained from the gauge
2.1 ASTM Standards:
while running the test after being corrected to the standard
B16/B16MSpecification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar
curve using the calibration procedure for the 4500-lbf
and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
(20000-N) reference gauge.
F22Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Thegaugereadingisirrespectiveofthe
Water-Break Test
particulargaugeused,andcorrectionsaremadebycomparison
2.2 U.S. Military Specifications:
totheBrinellballimpressiondiametersonastandardreference
MIL-L-8937
copper test coupon with a Rockwell hardness range of HB37
to HB39. An electronic calibration instrument is available
1 which can be used in place of the copper coupon.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.
Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2625–94(2003). 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
DOI: 10.1520/D2625-94R10. www.access.gpo.gov.
2 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Trademark of and available from Falex Corp., 1020Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM IL 60554. A new model of the Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine has been
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on available since 1983. Certain operating procedures are different for this new model.
the ASTM website. Consult instruction manual of machine for this information. If you are aware of
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
dodssp.daps.dla.mil. responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2625 − 94 (2010)
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
3.2.4 load carrying capacity—the highest indicated load 6.2.1 Standardized Test Coupon, soft, annealed copper HB
sustained for a minimum of 1 min. 37/39.
6.2.2 Allen Screw, with attached 10-mm Brinell ball.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.2.3 Back-up Plug.
6.2.4 Brinell Microscope, or equivalent.
4.1 The endurance test (Procedure A) consists of running
6.2.5 Rule, steel, 150 mm (6 in.) long.
two stationary steel vee block specimens loaded to a predeter-
6.2.6 Timer, graduated in minutes and seconds.
mined value against a rotating steel pin specimen. The endur-
ance (wear) life is determined when the torque increases by
6.3 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricants
10in·lbf (1.13 N·m).
(see Annex A1):
6.3.1 Desiccator, for storing test parts. The bottom of the
4.2 The load-carrying capacity test (Procedure B) consists
desiccator shall be filled with desiccant to maintain approxi-
of running two stationary steel vee block specimens against a
mately 50% relative humidity. (Not required if parts can be
rotating steel pin, increasing the load on the pin until a sharp
stored in a fume-free room at 50 6 5% relative humidity.)
increase (10 in·lbf (1.13 N·m)) in steady-state torque or pin
6.3.2 Forced-Circulation Oven, capable of maintaining a
breakage is experienced. Prior to both tests, the solid film
temperature of 149 6 5°C (300 6 10°F).
lubricant is deposited on the surfaces of the test specimens.
6.3.3 Micrometer, reading 0 to 25 6 0.0025 mm (0 to 1 6
5. Significance and Use
0.0001 in.), with a one-ball anvil.
6.3.4 Vapor Degreasing Bath.
5.1 This test method differentiates between bonded solid
lubricants with respect to their wear life and load-carrying
7. Reagents and Materials
capacity. If the test conditions are changed, wear life may
change and relative ratings of the bonded solid film lubricants
7.1 Required for Procedures A and B:
may be different.
7.1.1 Eight Standard Vee Blocks, 96 6 1° angle, heat
9 9
treatedto1.24×10 to1.38×10 Pa(180000to200000psi)
6. Apparatus
tensile strength; or standard coined vee blocks, 96 6 1° angle,
6.1 Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine, illustrated in
of AISI C-1137 steel as an alternative, with a Rockwell
−7
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
hardness of HRC 20 to 24 and surface finish of 1.3×10 to
−7
6.1.1 Load Gauge, 4500-lbf (20 000-N) range, or 3000-lbf
2.5×10 m (5 to 10 µin.), rms.
(13300-N) direct-reading gauge. An 800-lbf (3550-N) direct-
7.1.2 Four Standard Test Pins, 6.35-mm ( ⁄4-in.) outside
reading load gauge may be used for ProcedureA, but does not
diameter by 31.75 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) long, heat treated to 1.24×10
have a high enough load range for Procedure B.
9 to 1.38×10 Pa (180000 to 200000 psi) ultimate hardness;
or Standard No. 8 Pins of AISI 3135 steel as an alternative,
NOTE 2—Primary figures for loads are shown for the 4500-lbf
with a hardness of HRB 87 to 91, on a ground, flat surface (or
(20000-N)gauge.Equivalentreadingsoneither800or3000-lbf(3550or
13300-N) direct-reading gauges are shown in parentheses and can be
approximatelyHRB80to83ontheround),andasurfacefinish
−7 −7
obtained from the curve in Fig. 3.
of 1.3×10 to 2.5×10 m (5 to 10 µin.) rms.
6.1.2 Optional—An automatic cutoff, torque recorder, and 7.1.3 Locking (Shear) Pin, ⁄2 H Brass, conforming to
timer may be used in place of the standard indicating torque Specification B16/B16M.
gauge.
7.2 Required for Application of Dry Solid Film Lubricant
6.2 Required for Calibration of Load Gauge: (see Annex A1):
D2625 − 94 (2010)
FIG. 1 Digital Pin and Vee Block Test Machine (continued)
FIG. 2 Exploded View of Vee Blocks and Journal Arrangement,
Falex Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
7.2.1 Phosphate Coating, manganese, conforming to Mili-
tary Specification MIL-P-16232F, Type M, Class 3 controlled
to a coating weight of 16 to 22 g/m .
NOTE 3—Lack of rigid control of the phosphate coating weight can
significantly impact the data scatter. A film controlled to the minimum
range is preferred over the uncontrolled standard heavy phosphate
originally called out.
7.2.2 Cleaners—Select a cleaning media and method which
issafe,non-filmformingandwhichdoesnotinanywayattack
or etch the surface chemically. In addition, no Class 1 ozone
FIG. 3 Standard Curves for Load Gauge Calibration or
depletingsubstancesconformingtoSection602(a)oftheClean
Conversion, Brinell Impression Diameter versus Gauge Load
Air Act Amendments of 1990 (42USC7671a) as identified in
Reading, Using Standard Copper Test Coupon of HB 37/39
Section 326 of PL102-484 should be used. Use a procedure as
outlined in Test Method F22 to judge the merit of the selected
cleaning technique.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
NOTE 4—A typical solvent found acceptable for this purpose is
Stoddard solvent.
8.1 Thoroughly clean the jaw supports for the vee blocks
7.2.2.1 No method of cleaning can be judged as acceptable
and test journals, by washing with the solvent selected from
unless there is a valid method of judging the success or failure
7.2.2, of all debris or oil from previous test runs. See Note 4.
ofthecleaningmethod.TestMethodF22isasimpleprocedure
8.2 Avoid contact with the fingers of the mating surfaces of
that can be used on the actual test apparatus or on test coupons
the vee blocks and test pins.
to judge each cleaning method’s viability.
7.2.3 Aluminum Oxide, white angular abrasive, 180 grit to 8.3 Avoid atmospheric contamination such as cigarette
220 grit. smoke, as this can adversely affect the test results.
D2625 − 94 (2010)
9.1.9 Plot the four impression readings versus gauge load
readingsonlog-logpaper(K&E467080orequivalent).Ifthey
do not plot as an approximately straight line, repeat steps 9.1.4
– 9.1.8.Astandard curve of impression diameter versus gauge
reading is shown in Fig. 3. If the indentation diameter, plotted
as above, is lower or higher than that shown on the standard
curve, determine the actual load necessary to produce the
indentation diameter that will correspond to that shown on the
standard curve.
NOTE5—Afull-sizestandardcalibrationcurve,plottedonlog-logpaper
and similar to Fig. 3 but with finer subdivision lines included, should be
used for accurate calibration.
9.2 Calibration Procedure with 800 or 3000-lbf (3550 or
13 300-N) Direct-Reading Load Gauge:
9.2.1 Use the same procedure as with the 4500-lbf
(20000-N) gauge above, except obtain impressions at gauge
readings of 300, 500, 700, and 800 lbf (1330, 2220, 3100, and
FIG. 4 Schematic Drawing of Calibration Accessories for Falex
3550 N) on the 800-lbf (3550-N) gauge; or at 300, 700, 1100,
Pin and Vee Block Test Machine
and 1700 lbf (1330, 3100, 4880, and 7550 N) on the 3000-lbf
(13300-N) gauge. Plot the impression readings versus gauge
load readings, as in 9.1.9, with similar adjustments to the load
9. Calibration of Load Gauge
inordertoproduceindentationdiameterthatcorrespondstothe
9.1 Calibration Procedure with 4500-lbf (20 000-N) Load
indentation diameter on the standard curve.
Gauge:
9.1.1 Remove the Allen set screw and 12.70-mm ( ⁄2-in.)
10. Procedure A
ball from the left jaw socket (Fig. 4).
9.1.2 InsertthespecialAllenscrewwiththeattached10-mm 10.1 Insertthesolidfilmcoatedveeblocksintherecessesof
Brinell ball into the working face of the left jaw.Adjust so that
the load jaws.
the ball projects about 4 mm ( ⁄32 in.) from face of the jaw.
10.2 Mount the solid film coated pin in the test shaft and
9.1.3 Insert the back-up plug in the counterbore of the
insert a new brass shear pin as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
right-hand jaw. Adjust so that the plug projects about 0.8 mm
1 10.3 Swing the arms inward so that the vee blocks contact
( ⁄32 in.) from the face.
thetestpininsuchawaythattheveegroovesarealignedwith
9.1.4 Support the standard test coupon so that the upper
3 the pin’s major axis as shown in Fig. 2. Check this alignment
edge of the coupon is about 2.5 mm ( ⁄32 in.) below the upper
visually. Place the automatic loading mechanism with attached
surface of the jaws. Place a steel rule across the face of the
loadgaugeontheloadarmsandturntheratchedwheelbyhand
jaws.AdjusttheAllenscrewwiththeattached10-mmballuntil
until the test parts are securely seated, indicated by a slight
the face of the jaws are parallel to the steel rule with the test
upward movement of the load gauge needle. At this point the
coupon in position for indentation.
torque gauge should read zero or be adjusted to read zero.
9.1.5 With the test coupon in position for the first
impression, place the load gauge assembly on the lever arms.
10.4 Start the motor and engage the automatic loading
9.1.6 Placetheloadingarmontheratchetwheelandactuate
ratchet until a gauge load of 300 lbf (1330 N) is reached
themotor.Allowthemotortorununtiltheloadgaugeindicates
(approximately 265 lbf (1170 N) on the direct-reading gauge).
aloadof300lbf(1330N).Aslighttakeupontheratchetwheel
Removetheloadapplyingarmandcontinuerunning(at290 6
is required to hold the load due to the ball sinking into the test
10 r/min) for 3 min, then increase the load to 500 lbf (2220 N)
coupon.Afterthe300-lbf(1330-N)loadisobtained,holdfor1
(approximately 410 lbf (1820 N) on the direct-reading gauge)
min for the indentation to form.
using the load applying arm, and run for 1 min.
9.1.7 Turn off the machine and back off the load until the
10.5 Increaseloadto750lbf(3330N)(590lbf(2620N)on
test coupon is free of the jaws. Advance the test coupon
the direct-reading gauge) and run for 1 min. Then increase the
approximately 9.5 mm ( ⁄8 in.) (additional indentations should
load to 1000 lbf (4450 N) (765 lbf (3400 N) on the direct-
be separated by a minimum distance of 2.5×the diameter of
reading gauge). Maintain this load
...
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