ASTM D207-55(1995)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Dry Bleached Lac (Withdrawn 2000)
Standard Specification for Dry Bleached Lac (Withdrawn 2000)
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two grades of dry bleached lac, namely, regular and refined. Note-Dry bleached lac is also known as "bone-dry," "bac-dry," or "kiln-dry" bleached lac. The refined grade is bleached lac from which practically all the wax and insoluble matter has been removed during the process of manufacture.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 207 – 55 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Specification for
Dry Bleached Lac
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 207; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in May 1995.
1. Scope 3. Properties
1.1 This specification covers two grades of dry bleached lac, 3.1 Dry bleached lac shall conform to the following require-
namely, regular and refined. ments:
Regular Refined
NOTE 1—Dry bleached lac is also known as “bone-dry,” “bac-dry,” or
Matter insoluble in specified hot 1.0 0.2
“kiln-dry” bleached lac. The refined grade is bleached lac from which
solvents, max, %
practically all the wax and insoluble matter has been removed during the
Moisture, max,% 6.0 6.0
process of manufacture. Wax, max, % 5.5 0.2
Matter soluble in water, max, % 1.0 0.3
Ash, max, % 1.0 0.5
2. Referenced Documents
Rosin none none
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Copals none none
D 29 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Lac Resins
4. Test Methods
4.1 The material shall be sampled and the properties enu-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint merated in this specification shall be determined in accordance
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, and is the direct responsibility of
with Test Methods D 29.
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers
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1.1 This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or “cut” of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Control—The following tests are useful for control purposes during the manufacture and use of varnishes, and for determining the uniformity of batches:
4.1.1 Specific gravity,
4.1.2 Viscosity,
4.1.3 Flash point, and
4.1.4 Nonvolatile matter by weight.
4.2 Performance—The following tests are useful for determining the performance of varnishes during application and use:
4.2.1 Drainage,
4.2.2 Time of drying,
4.2.3 Build,
4.2.4 Dielectric strength,
4.2.5 Thermal endurance,
4.2.6 Varnish compatibility,
4.2.7 Salt water proofness, and
4.2.8 Oil resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover tests for solvent containing varnishes primarily intended to provide electrical, mechanical, and chemical protection for electrical equipment. These test methods include tests for control and performance as follows:
Procedure
Section
Build
38 – 42
Dielectric Strength
43 – 48
Drainage
26 – 32
Flash Point
18 – 20
Nonvolatile Matter
21 – 25
Oil Resistance
54 – 56
Preparation of Test Specimens
7
Specific Gravity
9 – 12
Temperature Index
49 – 50
Time of Drying
33 – 37
Varnish Compatibility
51 – 53
Viscosity
13 – 17
1.2 Where the entire test method is included in this standard, the precision and bias are not known unless given in the stated method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 5.
Note 1: There is no equivalent IEC standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Gel time is important in determining batch uniformity and some processing characteristics. It is indicative of pot life and shelf life.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the gel time of a solventless varnish mixed with a catalyst, if required, and exposed to elevated temperature. There are two methods presented here. New equipment for Method A is no longer available.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precaution statement, see Section 6.
Note 1: Although this standard and IEC 60455–2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the tests and values for electrical insulating varnishes, as supplied, which are suitable for the impregnation and treatment of electrical coils and windings applied by dip process. The varnishes are classified according to grades: Grade DA; Grade DO; Grade DM; Grade DS; Grade DW; and Grade DT. This specification covers both flexible and rigid, solvent and solventless insulating varnishes. The insulating varnishes are classified according to thermal classes: Class 130; Class 155; Class 180; Class 200; and Class 220. Quality conformance tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the tests and values for electrical insulating varnishes, as supplied, which are suitable for the impregnation and treatment of electrical coils and windings applied by dip process.
1.2 Varnishes, flexible or rigid, included in this specification are:
Grade DA—Air-dry
Grade DO—Organic solvent containing, baking,
Grade DM—Reactive diluent containing,
Grade DS—Silicone,
Grade DW—Water containing, and
Grade DT—Thixotropic.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This specification resembles IEC 60455 in title only. The content is significantly different.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the effect of exposure to elevated temperatures on the bond strength of combinations of magnet wire insulations and electrical insulating varnishes. The results are used as a guide for the comparison and selection of varnishes and combinations of varnishes and magnet wire insulation for specific applications. Test Methods D1932 and D3251 describe additional tests for determining the thermal endurance of insulating varnishes. A comprehensive evaluation of thermal characteristics includes a comparison of the thermal endurance determined in these different ways.
5.2 This test method is useful for research and product qualifications purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal endurance of electrical insulating varnishes alone or in combinations with magnet wire insulation. Changes in the helical coil bond strength are used as the test criteria. The coils are made from bare aluminum or copper wire, or from film- or fiber-insulated magnet wire.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no similar or equivalent IEC standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Values obtained by flexural tests can provide information with regard to the bond strength of the particular varnish, in combination with a particular wire, when measured under conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the bond strength of an electrical insulating varnish when applied to a helical coil. The helical coil can be made from bare aluminum or copper wire or from film or fiber-insulated magnet wire. Helical coils made from bare aluminum or bare copper wire will yield values of bond strength for the varnish when applied to bare metal conductors. The use of film or fiber-insulated magnet wire will show values for that particular combination of insulation and varnish.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A major factor affecting the long term performance of insulating materials is thermal degradation. It is possible that factors, such as moisture and vibration, will cause failures after the material has been weakened by thermal degradation.
5.2 An electrical insulating varnish is effective in protecting electrical equipment only as long as it retains its physical and electrical integrity.
5.3 The thermal degradation of the varnish results in weight loss, porosity, crazing, and generally a reduction in flexibility. Degradation of the varnish can be detected by a decrease in dielectric strength, which is therefore used as the failure criterion for this test method.
5.4 Electrical insulating varnishes undergo flexing in service due to vibration and thermal expansion. For this reason, this functional test includes flexing and elongation of the insulation. The electrodes used in this test method are designed to elongate the outer surface of the specimen 2 % with respect to the neutral axis of the base fiber while being tested for dielectric breakdown.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative thermal endurance of flexible electrical insulating varnishes by determining the time necessary at elevated temperatures to decrease the dielectric breakdown of the varnish to an arbitrarily selected value when applied to a standard glass fiber fabric.
1.2 This test method does not apply to varnishes that lose a high percentage of their dielectric breakdown voltage when flexed before elevated temperature exposure as prescribed in the screening test (Section 9). Examples of such varnishes are those used for high speed armatures and laminated structures. Also, this test method is not applicable to varnishes which distort sufficiently during thermal elevated temperature exposure so that they cannot be tested using the curved electrode assembly.
1.3 Thermal endurance is expressed in terms of a temperature index.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: There is no equivalent IEC or ISO standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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1.1 This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or “cut” of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Different combinations of varnishes and film-insulated magnet wire behave differently when exposed to elevated temperatures. This includes different varnishes tested with the same film-insulated magnet wire and a single varnish tested with different film-insulated magnet wire.
5.2 This test method is used to determine the effect on the electrical properties of a varnish applied to film-insulated magnet wire when the combination is exposed to prescribed elevated temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal endurance characteristics of electrical insulating varnishes and film-insulated magnet wire in combination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to IEC 60172.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method determines the volatile organic content of an electrical insulating varnish. It utilizes a procedure where dishes containing a known amount of varnish are baked and the amount of volatile organic compound is measured. Calculations are performed to express this in g/L or lb/gal. This test method is applicable to all types of varnishes. However, waterborne varnishes while baked under the same conditions need to have water content determined and calculations performed in accordance with Practice D3960.
4.1.1 During the cure of electrical insulating varnishes some organic material is volatilized. A determination of the amount that is volatilized is useful for estimating the amount of cured varnish on electrical units and volatile organic emissions from a manufacturing facility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of volatile organic compounds emitted during cure of electrical insulating varnishes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for specific precautions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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