D01.33 - Polymers and Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.  
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90 °C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.  
4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide directs the user to test methods that determine properties generally accepted as standard test items for classification of epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for testing epoxy resins as listed in Table 1. All of the methods were tested by interlaboratory participation in accordance with usual ASTM guidelines. Each method specifies a recommended amount of sample for starting a separate analysis, but several of the procedures can be conducted on the same starting material if so desired. For example, viscosity, color, and density could be run on the same specimen.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The percent NCO is used to establish unit ratios for stoichiometric reactions with co-reactants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the isocyanate group (NCO) content of a urethane intermediate or prepolymer.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines. The apparatus includes Erlenmeyer flasks and magnetic stirrer. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests and includes the following: water, bromphenol blue indicator solution, bromcresol green indicator solution, chloroform, hydrochloric acid standard solution, isopropyl alcohol, phenyl isothiocyanate, and salicylaldehyde. The procedure of determining the total amine values are detailed and the formula of calculating the total amine values is given.
SCOPE
1.1 These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of residual chlorine in epoxy resins is deleterious to final product properties. This test method has been found to be applicable to resins or ethers with chlorine contents ranging from 50 ppm to 35 % by weight. Other halogen compounds react with the reagent but are distinguished from chlorine by the final potentiometric titration. Epoxy and other functional groups will consume reagent but do not affect the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of total chlorine in epoxy resins and glycidyl ethers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the hydrolyzable chloride content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated hydrolyzable chloride content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the easily hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins which are defined as the reaction product of a chlorohydrin and a di- or polyfunctional phenolic compound.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.1.1 In Test Method A, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is saponified with potassium hydroxide and directly titrated with hydrochloric acid. This test method can be used for concentrations of 1 weight % and below.  
1.1.2 In Test Method B, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is again saponified with potassium hydroxide, then titrated potentiometrically with silver nitrate. This test method can be used for concentrations of 5 to 2500 ppm hydrolyzable chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 10 and 16.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for measuring the viscosity of resin solutions. The apparatuses required here are constant-temperature water bath, wide-mouthed screw capped bottles, cellophane sheets, No. 2 short taper corks, viscosity tube holder, bottle shaker, timing device, and viscosity tubes. Solid resins are dissolved in organic solvents by cold-cut or hot-cut methods in the laboratory. The viscosity of such prepared solutions, or of commercial solutions of resins is then determined by the bubble time method. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for preparing resin solutions viscosity measurement by bubble time method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The epoxy content of epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the epoxy content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated epoxy content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for manual and automatic titration of epoxy resins for the quantitative determination of the percent epoxide content from 0.1 to 26 % epoxide.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 With the need to calculate free formaldehyde levels in emulsion polymers, it is necessary to make the determination without upsetting any equilibria that might generate or deplete formaldehyde. This test method provides a means for determining ppm levels of free formaldehyde in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing equilibria.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range.  
1.2 This test method minimizes changes in free formaldehyde concentration that can result from changes in the physical or chemical properties of an emulsion polymer.  
1.3 There are no known limitations to this test method when used in the manner described. The emulsion polymer test specimen must be prepared with a diluent that has a pH similar to that of the emulsion. Use of an inappropriate pH may upset formaldehyde equilibria and result in incorrect formaldehyde levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or “cut” of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The percent NCO is used to establish unit ratios for stoichiometric reactions with co-reactants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the isocyanate group (NCO) content of a urethane intermediate or prepolymer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the isocyanate group (NCO) content of a urethane intermediate or prepolymer.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in July 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.  
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide directs the user to test methods that determine properties generally accepted as standard test items for classification of epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for testing epoxy resins as listed in Table 1. All of the methods were tested by interlaboratory participation in accordance with usual ASTM guidelines. Each method specifies a recommended amount of sample for starting a separate analysis, but several of the procedures can be conducted on the same starting material if so desired. For example, viscosity, color, and density could be run on the same specimen.
TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Epoxy Resins    
Test Method  
Section  
ASTM Designation  
Epoxy content  
4  
D1652  
Hydrolyzable chlorine  
5  
D1726  
Total chlorine  
6  
D1847  
Viscosity  
7  
D445, D1545  
Color  
8  
D1544, D1209  
Density  
9  
D1475  
Nonvolatile content  
10  
D1259  
Acid value  
11  
D1639  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.  
4.2 When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of residual chlorine in epoxy resins is deleterious to final product properties. This test method has been found to be applicable to resins or ethers with chlorine contents ranging from 50 ppm to 35 % by weight. Other halogen compounds react with the reagent but are distinguished from chlorine by the final potentiometric titration. Epoxy and other functional groups will consume reagent but do not affect the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of total chlorine in epoxy resins and glycidyl ethers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

ABSTRACT
These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines. The apparatus includes Erlenmeyer flasks and magnetic stirrer. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests and includes the following: water, bromphenol blue indicator solution, bromcresol green indicator solution, chloroform, hydrochloric acid standard solution, isopropyl alcohol, phenyl isothiocyanate, and salicylaldehyde. The procedure of determining the total amine values are detailed and the formula of calculating the total amine values is given.
SCOPE
1.1 These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 With the need to calculate free formaldehyde levels in emulsion polymers, it is necessary to make the determination without upsetting any equilibria that might generate or deplete formaldehyde. This test method provides a means for determining ppm levels of free formaldehyde in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing equilibria.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range.  
1.2 This test method minimizes changes in free formaldehyde concentration that can result from changes in the physical or chemical properties of an emulsion polymer.  
1.3 There are no known limitations to this test method when used in the manner described. The emulsion polymer test specimen must be prepared with a diluent that has a pH similar to that of the emulsion. Use of an inappropriate pH may upset formaldehyde equilibria and result in incorrect formaldehyde levels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution of specific type of dry lac resin and denatured alcohol. This specification includes two grades, A and B, of orange shellac varnish and two grades, regular and refined, of bleached lac varnish. Varnish color, drying time, body and cut, packaging and marking, and test methods shall conform to the specification indicated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or “cut” of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for measuring the viscosity of resin solutions. The apparatuses required here are constant-temperature water bath, wide-mouthed screw capped bottles, cellophane sheets, No. 2 short taper corks, viscosity tube holder, bottle shaker, timing device, and viscosity tubes. Solid resins are dissolved in organic solvents by cold-cut or hot-cut methods in the laboratory. The viscosity of such prepared solutions, or of commercial solutions of resins is then determined by the bubble time method. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for preparing resin solutions viscosity measurement by bubble time method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The epoxy content of epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the epoxy content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated epoxy content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for manual and automatic titration of epoxy resins for the quantitative determination of the percent epoxide content from 0.1 – 26 % epoxide.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The epoxy content of epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the epoxy content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated epoxy content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for manual and automatic titration of epoxy resins for the quantitative determination of the percent epoxide content from 0.1 to 26 % epoxide.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the hydrolyzable chloride content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated hydrolyzable chloride content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the easily hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins which are defined as the reaction product of a chlorohydrin and a di- or polyfunctional phenolic compound.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.1.1 In Test Method A, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is saponified with potassium hydroxide and directly titrated with hydrochloric acid. This test method can be used for concentrations of 1 weight % and below.
1.1.2 In Test Method B, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is again saponified with potassium hydroxide, then titrated potentiometrically with silver nitrate. This test method can be used for concentrations of 5 to 2500 ppm hydrolyzable chloride.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 10 and 16.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.  
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution of specific type of dry lac resin and denatured alcohol. This specification includes two grades, A and B, of orange shellac varnish and two grades, regular and refined, of bleached lac varnish. Varnish color, drying time, body and cut, packaging and marking, and test methods shall conform to the specification indicated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or "cut" of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or “cut” of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials and Applications, this specification was withdrawn in January 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide directs the user to test methods that determine properties generally accepted as standard test items for classification of epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for testing epoxy resins as listed in Table 1. All of the methods were tested by interlaboratory participation in accordance with usual ASTM guidelines. Each method specifies a recommended amount of sample for starting a separate analysis, but several of the procedures can be conducted on the same starting material if so desired. For example, viscosity, color, and density could be run on the same specimen.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.
When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles. Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing lattices.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines. The apparatus includes Erlenmeyer flasks and magnetic stirrer. Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests and includes the following: water, bromphenol blue indicator solution, bromcresol green indicator solution, chloroform, hydrochloric acid standard solution, isopropyl alcohol, phenyl isothiocyanate, and salicylaldehyde. The procedure of determining the total amine values are detailed and the formula of calculating the total amine values is given.
SCOPE
1.1 These alternative test methods cover the indicator procedure for determining the total, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine values of fatty amines. These procedures are not applicable to fatty amidoamines and fatty diamines.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
With the need to calculate free formaldehyde levels in emulsion polymers, it is necessary to make the determination without upsetting any equilibria that might generate or deplete formaldehyde. This test method provides a means for determining ppm levels of free formaldehyde in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing equilibria.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range.
1.2 This test method minimizes changes in free formaldehyde concentration that can result from changes in the physical or chemical properties of an emulsion polymer.
1.3 There are no known limitations to this test method when used in the manner described. The emulsion polymer test specimen must be prepared with a diluent that has a pH similar to that of the emulsion. Use of an inappropriate pH may upset formaldehyde equilibria and result in incorrect formaldehyde levels.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The presence of residual chlorine in epoxy resins is deleterious to final product properties. This test method has been found to be applicable to resins or ethers with chlorine contents ranging from 50 ppm to 35 % by weight. Other halogen compounds react with the reagent but are distinguished from chlorine by the final potentiometric titration. Epoxy and other functional groups will consume reagent but do not affect the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of total chlorine in epoxy resins and glycidyl ethers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range.  
1.2 This test method minimizes changes in free formaldehyde concentration that can result from changes in the physical or chemical properties of an emulsion polymer.  
1.3 There are no known limitations to this test method when used in the manner described. The emulsion polymer test specimen must be prepared with a diluent that has a pH similar to that of the emulsion. Use of an inappropriate pH may upset formaldehyde equilibria and result in incorrect formaldehyde levels.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in December 2004 in accordance with section 10.6.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The epoxy content of epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the epoxy content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated epoxy content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for manual and automatic titration of epoxy resins for the quantitative determination of the percent epoxide content from 0.1 - 26 % epoxide.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section .

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for measuring the viscosity of resin solutions. The apparatuses required here are constant-temperature water bath, wide-mouthed screw capped bottles, cellophane sheets, No. 2 short taper corks, viscosity tube holder, bottle shaker, timing device, and viscosity tubes. Solid resins are dissolved in organic solvents by cold-cut or hot-cut methods in the laboratory. The viscosity of such prepared solutions, or of commercial solutions of resins is then determined by the bubble time method. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the viscosity of resin solutions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins is an important variable in determining their reactivity and the properties of coatings made from them. These test methods may be used to determine the hydrolyzable chloride content of manufactured epoxy resins and confirm the stated hydrolyzable chloride content of purchased epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the easily hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins which are defined as the reaction product of a chlorohydrin and a di- or polyfunctional phenolic compound.
1.1.1 In Test Method A, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is saponified with potassium hydroxide and directly titrated with hydrochloric acid. This test method can be used for concentrations of 1 weight % and below.
1.1.2 In Test Method B, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is again saponified with potassium hydroxide, then titrated potentiometrically with silver nitrate. This test method can be used for concentrations of 5 to 2500 ppm hydrolyzable chloride.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 9 and 15.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The percent NCO is used to establish unit ratios for stoichiometric reactions with co-reactants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the isocyanate group (NCO) content of a urethane intermediate or prepolymer.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the isocyanate group (NCO) content of a urethane intermediate or prepolymer.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of the epoxy content of epoxy resins.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the easily hydrolyzable chloride content of liquid epoxy resins which are defined as the reaction product of a chlorohydrin and a di- or polyfunctional phenolic compound.
1.1.1 In Test Method A, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is saponified with potassium hydroxide and directly titrated with hydrochloric acid. This test method can be used for concentrations of 1 weight % and below.
1.1.2 In Test Method B, the easily hydrolyzable chloride is again saponified with potassium hydroxide, then titrated potentiometrically with silver nitrate. This test method can be used for concentrations of 5 to 2500 ppm hydrolyzable chloride.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. >For specific hazard statements see Sections 8 and 14.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the viscosity of resin solutions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers shellac varnish consisting of a solution or "cut" of a specified type and grade of dry lac resin in specially denatured alcohol. Ninety-five percent (190 proof) ethyl alcohol, specially denatured according to Formula No. 1 of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Treasury Dept., is the solvent most commonly used. However, other specially denatured alcohols and proprietary solvents are also used for this purpose.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for testing epoxy resins as listed in Table 1. All of the methods were tested by interlaboratory participation in accordance with usual ASTM guidelines. Each method specifies a recommended amount of sample for starting a separate analysis, but several of the procedures can be conducted on the same starting material if so desired. For example, viscosity, color, and density could be run on the same specimen.
1.2  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide directs the user to test methods that determine properties generally accepted as standard test items for classification of epoxy resins.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for testing epoxy resins as listed in Table 1. All of the methods were tested by interlaboratory participation in accordance with usual ASTM guidelines. Each method specifies a recommended amount of sample for starting a separate analysis, but several of the procedures can be conducted on the same starting material if so desired. For example, viscosity, color, and density could be run on the same specimen.
1.2  This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles. Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing lattices.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles. Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing lattices.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.  
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is significant as a process control for polymerization time.
When the cure times are determined at several temperatures and plotted as time versus temperature, different resins can be compared for curing characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cure rate at any specified temperature for a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin. The time at that temperature required to make a fluid mixture change into a hard immovable mass indicates speed of cure.  
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.