ASTM C1579-21

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Restrained Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Using a Steel Form Insert)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method is intended to evaluate the effects of evaporation, settlement, and early autogenous shrinkage on the plastic shrinkage cracking performance of fiber reinforced concrete up to and for some hours beyond the time of final setting (see Terminology C125).  
5.2 The measured values obtained from this test may be used to compare the performance of concretes with different mixture proportions, concretes with and without fibers, concretes containing various amounts of different types of fibers, and concretes containing various amounts and types of admixtures. For meaningful comparisons, the evaporative conditions during test shall be sufficient to produce an average crack width of at least 0.5 mm in the control specimens (2, 3) (see Note 2). In addition, the evaporation rate from a free surface of water shall be within ± 5 % for each test.
Note 2: To achieve evaporation rates that result in a crack of at least 0.5 mm in the control specimens, it may be necessary to use an evaporation rate higher than that discussed in Note 1.  
5.3 This method attempts to control atmospheric variables to quantify the relative performance of a given fresh concrete mixture. Since many other variables such as cement fineness, aggregate gradation, aggregate volume, mixing procedures, slump, air content, concrete temperature and surface finish can also influence potential cracking, attention shall be paid to keep these as consistent as possible from mixture to mixture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method compares the surface cracking of fiber reinforced concrete panels with the surface cracking of control concrete panels subjected to prescribed conditions of restraint and moisture loss that are severe enough to produce cracking before final setting of the concrete.  
1.2 This test method can be used to compare the plastic shrinkage cracking behavior of different concrete mixtures containing fiber reinforcement.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2021
• ICS: 91.100.40 - Products in fibre-reinforced cement
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.42 - Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1579 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Restrained Fiber
1
Reinforced Concrete (Using a Steel Form Insert)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
Concrete
1.1 This test method compares the surface cracking of fiber
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
reinforced concrete panels with the surface cracking of control
Specimens in the Laboratory
concrete panels subjected to prescribed conditions of restraint
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
and moisture loss that are severe enough to produce cracking
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
before final setting of the concrete.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.2 This test method can be used to compare the plastic
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
shrinkage cracking behavior of different concrete mixtures
containing fiber reinforcement.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
standard.
to Terminology C125.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Panels of control concrete and fiber reinforced concrete
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
are prepared in a prescribed manner and are exposed to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. controlled drying conditions after finishing. The drying condi-
(Warning—fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
tions (see Note 1) are intended to be severe enough to induce
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon plastic shrinkage cracking in test panels made of control
2
prolonged exposure. )
concrete. The evaporation rate from a free water surface is
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
monitored by pans placed next to the panels in the environ-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mental chamber.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the NOTE 1—An important parameter in this method is the rate of
evaporative water loss, which is controlled by the atmospheric conditions
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
surrounding the test specimens. Since the concrete specimens will not
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
always have the same rate of water evaporation as the pan of water (due
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 2
toevaporativeandbleedingeffects),therateofevaporationof1.0kg/m ·h
from the pan of water represents the minimum evaporation rate that must
2. Referenced Documents
4
be attained for this test (1). The moisture loss from the concrete test
3
panels can also be monitored and reported, however, the rate of evapora-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion from the free surface of the water in the pan is the parameter that
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
should be used to quantify the drying environment.
gregates
4.2 The test is terminated at the time of final setting of the
concrete determined in accordance with Test Method C403/
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
C403M. At 24 h from initial mixing, the average crack width
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.42 on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
is determined.
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
4.3 A cracking reduction ratio (CRR) is computed from the
published in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1579 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/C1579-21.
average crack width for the fiber-reinforced concrete panels
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
and the average crack width for the control concrete panels.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses ref
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1579 − 13 C1579 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Restrained Fiber
1
Reinforced Concrete (Using a Steel Form Insert)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1579; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method compares the surface cracking of fiber reinforced concrete panels with the surface cracking of control
concrete panels subjected to prescribed conditions of restraint and moisture loss that are severe enough to produce cracking before
final setting of the concrete.
1.2 This test method can be used to compare the plastic shrinkage cracking behavior of different concrete mixtures containing fiber
reinforcement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.42 on
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013June 1, 2021. Published May 2013June 2021. Originally published in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as C1579
– 06 (2012). 13. DOI: 10.1520/C1579-13.10.1520/C1579-21.
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1579 − 21
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Panels of control concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are prepared in a prescribed manner and are exposed to controlled
drying conditions after finishing. The drying conditions (see Note 1) are intended to be severe enough to induce plastic shrinkage
cracking in test panels made of control concrete. The evaporation rate from a free water surface is monitored by pans placed next
to the panels in the environmental chamber.
NOTE 1—An important parameter in this method is the rate of evaporative water loss, which is controlled by the atmospheric conditions surrounding the
test specimens. Since the concrete specimens will not always have the same rate of water evaporation as the pan of water (due to evaporative and bleeding
2 4
effects), the rate of evaporation of 1.0 kg/m ·h from the pan of water represents the minimum evaporation rate that must be attained for this test (1).
The moisture loss from the concrete test panels can also be monitored and reported, however, the rate of evaporation from the free surface of the water
in the pan is the parameter that s
...