ASTM E2394-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Maintenance, Renovation and Repair of Installed Asbestos Cement Products
Standard Practice for Maintenance, Renovation and Repair of Installed Asbestos Cement Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The inhalation of airborne asbestos fibers has been shown to cause asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
5.1.1 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that “Effects on the lung are a major health concern from asbestos, as chronic (long-term) exposure to asbestos in humans via inhalation can result in a lung disease termed asbestosis. Asbestosis is characterized by shortness of breath and cough and may lead to severe impairment of respiratory function. Cancer is also a major concern from asbestos exposure, as inhalation exposure can cause lung cancer and mesothelioma (a rare cancer of the thin membranes lining the abdominal cavity and surrounding internal organs), and possibly gastrointestinal cancers in humans. EPA has classified asbestos as a Group A, known human carcinogen” (1).
The World Health Organization states: “Exposure to asbestos occurs through inhalation of fibres primarily from contaminated air in the working environment, as well as from ambient air in the vicinity of point sources, or indoor air in housing and buildings containing friable asbestos materials. The highest levels of exposure occur during repackaging of asbestos containers, mixing with other raw materials and dry cutting of asbestos-containing products with abrasive tools” (2).
The World Bank states: “Health hazards from breathing asbestos dust include asbestosis, a lung scarring disease, and various forms of cancer (including lung cancer and mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum). These diseases usually arise decades after the onset of asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma, a signal tumor for asbestos exposure, occurs among workers’ family members from dust on the workers’ clothes and among neighbors of asbestos air pollution point sources” (3).
Extensive litigation has occurred worldwide as a result of the health effects of asbestos over the past century, resulting in considerable economic consequences. The regulatory response to asbestos hazards has resulted in civi...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes work practices for asbestos-cement products when maintenance, renovation, and repair are required. This includes common tasks such as drilling and cutting holes in roofing, siding, pipes, etc. that can result in exposure to asbestos fibers if not done carefully. These work practices are supplemented and facilitated by the regulatory, contractual, training, and supervisory provisions of this practice.
1.2 Materials covered include those installed in or on buildings and facilities and those used in external infrastructure such as water, wastewater, and electrical distribution systems. Also included is pavement made from asbestos-cement manufacturing waste.
1.3 The work practices described herein are intended for use only with asbestos-cement products already installed in buildings, facilities, and external infrastructure. They are not intended for use in construction or renovation involving the installation of new asbestos-cement products.
1.4 The work practices are primarily intended to be used in situations where small amounts of asbestos-cement products must be removed or disturbed in order to perform maintenance, renovation, or repair necessary for operation of the building, facility, or infrastructure.
1.5 The work practices described herein are also applicable for use where the primary objective is the removal of asbestos-cement products from the building or other location, particularly the use of wet methods and other means of dust and fiber control.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 Warning—Asbestos fibers are acknowledged carcinogens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of the lungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Precautions in this practice should be ta...
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Designation: E2394 − 11
Standard Practice for
Maintenance, Renovation, and Repair of Installed Asbestos
1
Cement Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 Warning—Asbestos fibers are acknowledged carcino-
gens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of the
1.1 This practice describes work practices for asbestos-
lungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.
cement products when maintenance, renovation, and repair are
Precautions in this practice should be taken to avoid creating
required. This includes common tasks such as drilling and
andbreathingairborneasbestosparticlesfrommaterialsknown
cutting holes in roofing, siding, pipes, etc. that can result in
or suspected to contain asbestos. Comply with all applicable
exposure to asbestos fibers if not done carefully. These work
regulatory requirements addressing asbestos.
practices are supplemented and facilitated by the regulatory,
1.8 This practice does not address safety hazards associated
contractual, training, and supervisory provisions of this prac-
with working on asbestos-cement products such as falling
tice.
through roof panels or trench cave-ins. The use of power tools
1.2 Materials covered include those installed in or on
presents possible electrical hazards, particularly in wet envi-
buildingsandfacilitiesandthoseusedinexternalinfrastructure
ronments. These and other safety hazards must be considered
such as water, wastewater, and electrical distribution systems.
and controlled in compliance with the employer’s policies and
Also included is pavement made from asbestos-cement manu-
applicable regulations.
facturing waste.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 Theworkpracticesdescribedhereinareintendedforuse
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
only with asbestos-cement products already installed in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
buildings, facilities, and external infrastructure. They are not
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
intended for use in construction or renovation involving the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
installation of new asbestos-cement products.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.4 The work practices are primarily intended to be used in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
situations where small amounts of asbestos-cement products
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mustberemovedordisturbedinordertoperformmaintenance,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
renovation, or repair necessary for operation of the building,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
facility, or infrastructure.
1.5 The work practices described herein are also applicable
2. Referenced Documents
for use where the primary objective is the removal of asbestos-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cement products from the building or other location, particu-
E1368 Practice for Visual Inspection ofAsbestosAbatement
larly the use of wet methods and other means of dust and fiber
Projects
control.
E2356 Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Sur-
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
veys
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2.2 Other Standards:
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Guidance Manual Asbestos Operations and Maintenance
and are not considered standard.
3
Work Practices
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysis contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Asbestos. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
ε1 3
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2394 – 04 . DOI: Available from National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), 1090 Vermont
10.1520/E2394-11. Avenue, NW, Suite 700, Washington DC 20005-4905.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2394 − 11
3. Terminology heavypiecesofmaterialwithmechanizedequipmentthati
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E2394–04 Designation:E2394–11
Standard Practice for
Maintenance, Renovation, and Repair of Installed Asbestos
1
Cement Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2394; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Asbestos warning editorially added in June 2006.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes work practices for asbestos-cement products when maintenance, renovation, and repair are required.
This includes common tasks such as drilling and cutting holes in roofing, siding, pipes, etc. that can result in exposure to asbestos
fibers if not done carefully. These work practices are supplemented and facilitated by the regulatory, contractual, training, and
supervisory provisions of this practice.
1.2 Materials covered include those installed in or on buildings and facilities, and those used in external infrastructure such as
water,wastewater,andelectricaldistributionsystems.Alsoincludedispavementmadefromasbestos-cementmanufacturingwaste.
1.3 The work practices described herein are intended for use only with asbestos-cement products already installed in buildings,
facilities, and external infrastructure. They are not intended for use in construction or renovation involving the installation of new
asbestos-cement products.
1.4 The work practices described herein are notprimarily intended for use where the primary objective is the removal of
asbestos-cement products from the building or other location.The work practices are intended to be used in situations where small
amounts of asbestos-cement products must be removed or disturbed in order to perform maintenance, renovation, or repair
necessary for operation of the building, facility, or infrastructure.
1.5 The work practices described herein are also applicable for use where the primary objective is the removal of
asbestos-cementproductsfromthebuildingorotherlocation,particularlytheuseofwetmethodsandothermeansofdustandfiber
control.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.61.7 Warning—Asbestos fibers are acknowledged carcinogens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of the lungs
including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Precautions in this standard practice should be taken to avoid creating and
breathingairborneasbestosparticlesfrommaterialsknownorsuspectedtocontainasbestos.Complywithallapplicableregulatory
requirements addressing asbestos
1.7This practice does not address safety hazards associated with working on asbestos-cement products such as falling through
roof panels or trench cave-ins. The use of power tools presents possible electrical hazards, particularly in wet environments. These
and other safety hazards must be considered and controlled in compliance with the employer’s policies and applicable regulations.
asbestos.
1.8 This practice does not address safety hazards associated with working on asbestos-cement products such as falling through
roof panels or trench cave-ins. The use of power tools presents possible electrical hazards, particularly in wet environments. These
and other safety hazards must be considered and controlled in compliance with the employer’s policies and applicable regulations.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.24 on Building
Preservation and Rehabilitation Technology.
Current edition approved Oct 1, 2004. Published October 2004. DOI: 10.1520/E2394-04E01.
´1
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2394 – 04 . DOI:
10.1520/E2394-11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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