ASTM D7522/D7522M-21

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to Concrete or Masonry Substrates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pull-off strength of a bonded FRP system is an important performance property that has been used in specifications, particularly those for assessing the quality of an application. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing bonded FRP systems, and evaluating and reporting the results.  
5.2 Variations in results obtained using different devices are possible. Therefore, it is recommended that the type of adhesion test device (including manufacturer and model) be mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.  
5.3 This test method is intended for use in both the field and the laboratory.  
5.4 The basic material properties obtained from this test method can be used in the control of the quality of adhesives and in the theoretical equations for designing FRP systems for external reinforcement to strengthen existing structures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded (shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive, and substrate.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-applied composite materials.  
1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP laminate.  
1.4 This test method is appropriate for use with flat concrete, concrete masonry, clay masonry, and stone masonry substrates.  
1.5 This test method is not appropriate for use as an “acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining intact at a prescribed force is an acceptable result.  
1.6 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test devices and procedures will give different results and cannot be directly compared.  
1.7 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP section; repair methods must consider the potential for moisture uptake through this cut section.  
1.8 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP systems, the substrate must be patched. This test method is not appropriate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRP from the patch material. An additional test method is required to determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the substrate.  
1.9 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2020
• ICS: 91.100.40 - Products in fibre-reinforced cement
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.10 - Composites for Civil Structures

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7522/D7522M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to
1
Concrete or Masonry Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7522/D7522M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope from the patch material. An additional test method is required
to determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure
substrate.
for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded
(shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate
1.9 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate.The test
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached.
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive, and
from the two systems shall not be combined.
substrate.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
applied composite materials.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
orientations comprising the FRP laminate.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.4 This test method is appropriate for use with flat ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
concrete, concrete masonry, clay masonry, and stone masonry Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
substrates. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.5 This test method is not appropriate for use as an
“acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining
2. Referenced Documents
intact at a prescribed force is an acceptable result.
2
1.6 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both ma- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
terial and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
devicesandprocedureswillgivedifferentresultsandcannotbe gregates
directly compared. C1232 Terminology for Masonry
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.7 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
section; repair methods must consider the potential for mois-
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
ture uptake through this cut section.
Composite Materials
1.8 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
systems, the substrate must be patched. This test method is not
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
appropriate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRP
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.10 on
2
Composites for Civil Structures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published February 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7522/D7522M – 15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7522_D7522M-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7522/D7522M − 21
3. Terminology c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7522/D7522M − 15 D7522/D7522M − 21
Standard Test Method for
Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to
1
Concrete Substrateor Masonry Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7522/D7522M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded
(shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate. The test
determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure
will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive, and substrate.
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-applied
composite materials.
1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations
comprising the FRP laminate.
1.4 This test method is appropriate for use with flat concrete, concrete masonry, clay masonry, and stone masonry substrates.
1.5 This test method is not appropriate for use as an “acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining intact at a
prescribed force is an acceptable result.
1.6 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test devices and
procedures will give different results and cannot be directly compared.
1.7 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP section;
repair methods must consider the potential for moisture uptake through this cut section.
1.8 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP systems, the substrate concrete must be patched (often to replace lost
concrete volume). must be patched. This test method is not appropriate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRP from the
patch material. An additional test method is required to determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the substrate concrete.
Throughout this standard, “substrate” is understood to mean the concrete or concrete patch material to which the FRP is
adhered.substrate.
1.9 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.10 on Composites
for Civil Structures.
Current edition approved April 15, 2015Jan. 1, 2021. Published May 2015February 2021. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
D7522/D7522MD7522/D7522M – 15.-09. DOI: 10.1520/D7522_D7522M-15.10.1520/D7522_D7522M-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7522/D7522M − 21
units are shown in brackets. separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents;
therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system mustshall be used independently of the other. Combiningother,
and values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.shall not be combined.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/
...