ASTM E2782-17

Standard Guide for Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)

ABSTRACT
This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured objects. This guide presents selected concepts and methods useful for describing and understanding the measurement process. This guide is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of this topic.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many types of measurements are made routinely in research organizations, business and industry, and government and academic agencies. Typically, data are generated from experimental effort or as observational studies. From such data, management decisions are made that may have wide-reaching social, economic, and political impact. Data and decision making go hand in hand and that is why the quality of any measurement is important—for data originate from a measurement process. This guide presents selected concepts and methods useful for describing and understanding the measurement process. This guide is not intended to be a comprehensive survey of this topic.  
4.2 Any measurement result will be said to originate from a measurement process or system. The measurement process will consist of a number of input variables and general conditions that affect the final value of the measurement. The process variables, hardware and software and their properties, and the human effort required to obtain a measurement constitute the measurement process. A measurement process will have several properties that characterize the effect of the several variables and general conditions on the measurement results. It is the properties of the measurement process that are of primary interest in any such study. The term “measurement systems analysis” or MSA study is used to describe the several methods used to characterize the measurement process.
Note 1: Sample statistics discussed in this guide are as described in Practice E2586; control chart methodologies are as described in Practice E2587.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured objects.  
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on products or test methods treated.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2016
• ICS: 17.020 - Metrology and measurement in general
• Technical Committee: E11 - Quality and Statistics
• Drafting Committee: E11.50 - Metrology

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2782 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Unless otherwise noted, terms relating to quality and
statistics are defined in Terminology E456.
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected
3.1.2 accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analy-
agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
sis (MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to
principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experi-
the non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of
mental work of some national or international organization, or
manufactured objects.
(3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not speci-
experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
fied. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as
engineering group. E177
illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on
3.1.3 calibration, n—process of establishing a relationship
products or test methods treated.
between a measurement device and a known standard value(s).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 gage, n—device used as part of the measurement
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
process to obtain a measurement result.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1.5 measurement process, n—process used to assign a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
number to a property of an object or other physical entity.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The term “measurement system” is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
sometimes used in place of measurement process. (See 3.1.7.)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.6 measurement result, n—number assigned to a property
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of an object or other physical entity being measured.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Theword“measurement”isusedinthe
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
same sense as measurement result.
3.1.7 measurement system, n—the collection of hardware,
2. Referenced Documents
2 software, procedures and methods, human effort, environmen-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tal conditions, associated devices, and the objects that are
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
measured for the purpose of producing a measurement.
ASTM Test Methods
3.1.8 measurement systems analysis (MSA), n—any of a
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
number of specialized methods useful for studying a measure-
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
ment system and its properties.
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
Process Control
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 appraiser, n—the person who uses a gage or measure-
3. Terminology
ment system.
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.2 discrimination ratio, n—statistical ratio calculated
from the statistics from a gage R&R study that measures the
number of 97 % confidence intervals, constructed from gage
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and
R&R variation, that fit within six standard deviations of true
Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.50 on Metrology.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally
object variation.
ɛ1
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2782 – 11 . DOI:
3.2.3 distinct product categories, n—alternate meaning of
10.1520/E2782-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or the discrimination ratio.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.4 gage consistency, n—constancy of repeatability vari-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ance over a period of time.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2782 − 11 E2782 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2782; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in May 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide presents terminology, concepts, and selected methods and formulas useful for measurement systems analysis
(MSA). Measurement systems analysis may be broadly described as a body of theory and methodology that applies to the
non-destructive measurement of the physical properties of manufactured objects.
1.2 Units—The system of units for this guide is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the guide are presented only as
illustrations of calculation methods and are not binding on products or test methods treated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Unless otherwise noted, terms relating to quality and statistics are defined in Terminology E456.
3.1.2 accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived as: (1)
a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental work of
some national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work under
the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E177
3.1.3 calibration, n—process of establishing a relationship between a measurement device and a known standard value(s).
3.1.4 gage, n—device used as part of the measurement process to obtain a measurement result.
3.1.5 measurement process, n—process used to assign a number to a property of an object or other physical entity.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test Method Evaluation
and Quality Control.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011Jan. 1, 2017. Published February 2012February 2017. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
ɛ1
E2782 – 11 . DOI: 10.1520/E2782-11E01.10.1520/E2782-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
The term “measurement system” is sometimes used in place of measurement process. (See 3.1.7.)
3.1.6 measurement result, n—number assigned to a property of an object or other physical entity being measured.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2782 − 17
The word “measurement” is used in the same sense as measurement result.
3.1.7 measurement system, n—the collection of hardware, software, procedures and methods, human effort, environmental
conditions, associated devices, and the objects that are measured for the purpose of producing a measurement.
3.1.8 measurement systems analysis (MSA), n—any of a number of specialized methods useful for studying a measurement
system and its properties.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 appraiser, n—the person who uses a gage or measurement system.
3.2.2 discrimination ratio, n—statistical ratio calculated from the statistics from a gage R&R study that measures the number
of 97 % confidence intervals, constructed from gage R&R variation, that fit within six standard deviations of true object variation.
3.2.3 distinct product categories, n—alternate meaning of the di
...