ASTM D5778-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed using this test method provide a detailed record of cone tip resistance, which is useful for evaluation of site stratigraphy, engineering properties, homogeneity and depth to firm layers, voids or cavities, and other discontinuities. The use of a friction sleeve and pore water pressure element can provide an estimate of soil classification, and correlations with engineering properties of soils. When properly performed at suitable sites, the test provides a rapid means for determining subsurface conditions.
5.2 This test method provides data used for estimating engineering properties of soil intended to help with the design and construction of earthworks, the foundations for structures, and the behavior of soils under static and dynamic loads.
5.3 This method tests the soil in situ and soil samples are not obtained during the test. The interpretation of the results from this test method provides estimates of the types of soil penetrated. Engineers may obtain soil samples from parallel borings for correlation purposes but prior information or experience may preclude the need for borings.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personal performing the test, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors and Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the resistance of a friction cone or a piezocone as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.2 This test method applies to electronic friction cones and does not include hydraulic, pneumatic, or free-fall cones, although many of the procedural requirements herein could apply to those cones. Also, offshore/marine Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in those environments (for example, tidal variations, salt water and waves). Field tests using mechanical-type cones are covered elsewhere by Test Method D3441.
1.3 This test method can be used to determine pore water pressures developed during the penetration when using a properly saturated piezocone. Pore water pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and permeability.
1.4 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic (Test Methods D7400), resistivity, electrical conductivity, dielectric, and temperature sensors, may be included in the cone to provide additional information. The use of an inclinometer is recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding process.
1.5 CPT data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations, they can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations for structures.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.7.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider materi...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5778 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing
1
of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
theresistanceofafrictionconeorapiezoconeasitisadvanced
1.7.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
into subsurface soils at a steady rate.
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
1.2 This test method applies to electronic friction cones and
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
does not include hydraulic, pneumatic, or free-fall cones,
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
although many of the procedural requirements herein could
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
apply to those cones. Also, offshore/marine Cone Penetration
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
Testing (CPT) systems may have procedural differences be-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
cause of the difficulties of testing in those environments (for
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
example, tidal variations, salt water and waves). Field tests
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
using mechanical-type cones are covered elsewhere by Test
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
Method D3441.
analysis methods for engineering data.
1.3 This test method can be used to determine pore water 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressures developed during the penetration when using a
properly saturated piezocone. Pore water pressure dissipation, responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
after a push, can also be monitored for correlation to time rate
of consolidation and permeability. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.4 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic (Test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Methods D7400), resistivity, electrical conductivity, dielectric,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and temperature sensors, may be included in the cone to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
provide additional information. The use of an inclinometer is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
recommended since it will provide information on potentially
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
damaging situations during the sounding process.
1.5 CPT data can be used to interpret subsurface 2. Referenced Documents
stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations, they 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
canprovidedataonengineeringpropertiesofsoilsintendedfor
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations
Fluids
for structures.
D3441Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Test-
ing of Soils
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Data
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
2
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5778–12. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D5778-20. the ASTM website.
*A Su
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5778 − 12 D5778 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing
1
of Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped
penetrometer friction cone or a piezocone as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point
as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a steady rate.
1.2 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometers of the electric and electronic type. electronic friction cones and does
not include hydraulic, pneumatic, or free-fall cones, although many of the procedural requirements herein could apply to those
cones. Also, offshore/marine Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties
of testing in those environments (for example, tidal variations, salt water and waves). Field tests using mechanical-type
penetrometerscones are covered elsewhere by Test Method D3441.
1.3 This test method can be used to determine porewater pore water pressures developed during the penetration, thus termed
piezocone. Porewater penetration when using a properly saturated piezocone. Pore water pressure dissipation, after a push, can also
be monitored for correlation to time rate of consolidation and permeability.
1.4 Additional sensors, such as inclinometer, seismic geophones (Test Methods D7400), resistivity, electrical conductivity,
dielectric, and temperature sensors, may be included in the penetrometercone to provide usefuladditional information. The use of
an inclinometer is highly recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding
process.
1.5 Cone penetration test CPT data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations,
they can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations
for structures.
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI units are
considered the standard. Other commonly used units such as the inch-pound system are shown in brackets. The various data
reported should be displayed in mutually compatible units as agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is commonly
referred to in square centimetres for convenience. The values stated in each system are not equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units
other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method
NOTE 1—This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein could apply
to those penetrometers. Also, offshore/marine CPT systems may have procedural differences because of the difficulties of testing in those environments
(for example, tidal variations, salt water, waves). Mechanical CPT systems are covered under Test Method D3441.
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.7.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
...
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