ASTM D1110-21

Standard Test Methods for Water Solubility of Wood

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 Cold water removes a part of such extraneous materials as tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matters. Hot water removes these plus the starches.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods3 cover the determination of the water solubility of wood. Two methods are given, as follows:  
1.1.1 Method A—Cold-Water Solubility—This method provides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matter in the wood.  
1.1.2 Method B—Hot-Water Solubility—This method provides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, coloring matter, and starches in the wood.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2021
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.01 - Fundamental Test Methods and Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1110 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
1,2
Water Solubility of Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Filtering Flask—Asuction filtering flask, equipped with
3
a rubber flange for the crucible and funnel, shall be provided.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
water solubility of wood. Two methods are given, as follows:
4. Test Specimen
1.1.1 Method A—Cold-Water Solubility—This method pro-
vides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring 4.1 The test specimen shall consist of2gofair-dried
matter in the wood. sawdust or milled wood that has been ground to pass through
1.1.2 Method B—Hot-Water Solubility—This method pro- a 425-µm (approx. 40 mesh) sieve and be retained on a 250-µm
vides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, coloring matter, (approx. 60 mesh) sieve.
and starches in the wood.
5. Procedure
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 Place a 2-g test specimen, the moisture content of which
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hasbeenpreviouslydetermined,ina400-mLbeaker,andcover
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- with 300 mL of distilled water. Let this mixture solvate at a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature of 23 6 2 °C, with frequent stirring, for 48 h.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.2 Filter the material on an Alundum or fritted-glass
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
crucible, using suction, wash with cold distilled water, and dry
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to constant weight at 100 to 105°C. Drying usually requires
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
approximately 4 h. Place the crucible in a loosely stoppered
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
weighing bottle, cool in a desiccator, and weigh.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Report
2. Significance and Use
6.1 Reporttheresultsaspercentageofmattersolubleincold
2.1 Cold water removes a part of such extraneous materials
water, on the moisture-free basis, calculated as follows:
as tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matters. Hot water
Cold water solubility,% 5 @ W 2 W /W # 3100 (1)
removes these plus the starches. ~ !
1 2 1
where:
METHOD A—COLD-WATER SOLUBILITY
W = weight of moisture-free specimen used in 5.1, and
1
3. Apparatus W = weight of dried specimen after extraction with cold
2
water (5.2).
3.1 Filtering Crucibles—Alundum or fritted-glass crucibles
of coarse porosity will be required.
METHOD B—HOT-WATER SOLUBILITY
1 7. Apparatus
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods and
7.1 Solvation Apparatus—a 200-mL Erlenmeyer flask pro-
Properties.
vided with a reflux condenser shall be used.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1110 – 84 (2013).
7.2 Water Bath, constructed so that the water can be
DOI: 10.1520/D1110-21.
2 maintained at boiling temperature and at a constant-level just
Based upon Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Standard
Method T 207 om-08 Water Solubility of Wood and Pulp. above the solution in the flask.
3
For further information on these test methods, the following references may be
7.3 Filtering Crucible and Filtering Flask—See Section 3.
consulted:
Schorger, A. W., “Chemistry of Cellulose and Woods,” 1926, p. 506, McGraw-
Hill, NY.
8. Test Specimen
Hawley and Wise, “Chemistry of Wood,” 1926, p. 134, Chemical Catalog Co.,
NY. 8.1 See Section 4.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D1110 − 21
9. Procedure where:
W = weight of moisture-free specimen used in 9.1, and
1
9.1 Place a 2-g test specimen, the moisture content of which
W = weight of dried specimen after extraction with hot
2
has been previously determined, and 100 mL of distilled water
water (9.2).
in the Erlenmeyer flask and attach the reflux condenser. Place
4
the flask in the boiling water bath, with the solution in the flask 11. Prec
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1110 − 84 (Reapproved 2013) D1110 − 21 Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 207 om-81
Standard Test Methods for
1,2
Water Solubility of Wood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1110; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
3
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the water solubility of wood. Two methods are given, as follows:
1.1.1 Method A—Cold-Water Solubility—This method provides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matter in the
wood.
1.1.2 Method B—Hot-Water Solubility—This method provides a measure of the tannins, gums, sugars, coloring matter, and
starches in the wood.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 Cold water removes a part of such extraneous materials as tannins, gums, sugars, and coloring matters. Hot water removes
these plus the starches.
METHOD A—COLD-WATER SOLUBILITY
3. Apparatus
3.1 Filtering Crucibles—Alundum or fritted-glass crucibles of coarse porosity will be required.
3.2 Filtering Flask—A suction filtering flask, equipped with a rubber flange for the crucible and funnel, shall be provided.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods and Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013April 1, 2021. Published September 2013April 2021. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D1110 – 84 (2007).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D1110-84R13.10.1520/D1110-21.
2
Based upon Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Standard Method T 207 om-08 Water Solubility of Wood and Pulp.
3
For further information on these test methods, the following references may be consulted:
Schorger, A. W., “Chemistry of Cellulose and Woods,” 1926, p. 506, McGraw-Hill, NY.
Hawley and Wise, “Chemistry of Wood,” 1926, p. 134, Chemical Catalog Co., NY.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1110 − 21
4. Test Specimen
4.1 The test specimen shall consist of 2 g of air-dried sawdust or milled wood that has been ground to pass through a 425-μm
(approx. 40 mesh) sieve and be retained on a 250-μm (approx. 60 mesh) sieve.
5. Procedure
5.1 Place a 2-g test specimen, the moisture content of which has been previously determined, in a 400-mL beaker, and cover with
300 mL of distilled water. Let this mixture digestsolvate at a temperature of 23 6 2°C, 2 °C, with frequent stirring, for 48 h.
5.2 Filter the material on an Alundum or fritted-glass crucible, using suction, wash with cold distilled water, and dry to constant
weight at 100 to 105°C. Drying usually requires approximately 4 h. Place the crucible in a loosely stoppered weighing bottle, cool
in a desiccator, and weigh.
6. Report
6.1 Report the results as percentage of matter soluble in cold water, on the moisture-free basis, calculated as follows:
Cold water solubility,%5 @~W 2 W !/W # 3100 (1)
1 2 1
where:
W = weight of moisture-free specimen used in 5.1, and
1
W = weight of dried specimen after extraction with cold water (5.2).
2
METHOD B—HOT-WATER SOLUBILITY
7. Apparatus
7.1 DigestionSolvation Apparatus—Aa 200-mL Erlenmeyer flask provided with a reflux condenser shall be used.
7.2 Water Bath, so constructed so that the water can be maintained at boiling temperature and at a constant-level just above the
solution in the flask.
7.3 Filtering Crucible and Filtering Flask—See Section 3.
8. Test Specimen
8.1 See Section 4.
9. Procedure
9.1 Place a 2-g test specimen, the moisture content of which has been
...