ASTM D2719-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness
Standard Test Methods for Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The strength and modulus of rigidity of structural panels in shear through-the-thickness obtained by these test methods are required for the rigorous design of many lumber-panel structural components such as trusses with panel gussets, box beams, folded plate roofs, and space plane structures, as well as floor and roof diaphragms, and shear walls. These properties are of secondary importance in typical roof deck and sheathing applications, and in crates and shipping containers.
3.2 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Average depth of knife checks has been found to strongly influence shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in veneer incorporated in composite panels. Measurement of depth of knife checks is recommended in these test methods.
3.3 To control or define other variables influencing shear properties, these test methods require determination of moisture content and elapsed time to failure. The conditioning of test material in controlled atmosphere and determination of specific gravity are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear through-the-thickness properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the major axis. Structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood based layers. Three test methods are included which differ somewhat in their application:
Test Method
Section
A. Small Panel Shear Test
5
B. Large Panel Shear Test
6
C. Two Rail Shear Test
7
The choice of test method will be determined in part by the purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and equipment availability. In general, Test Method B or C for large specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test material, and experimental plan permit.
1.1.1 Test Method A: Small Panel Shear Test—This test method is suitable for testing small samples of uniform material including investigations of the effects of grain direction or orientation and of many raw materials and manufacturing process variables which influence shear properties uniformly throughout the specimen. The test method is unsuited for determining effects of grade and manufacturing features such as density variations, knots, and core gaps within the specimen.
1.1.2 Test Method B: Large Panel Shear Test—This test method is regarded as giving the most accurate modulus of rigidity and is therefore recommended for elastic tests of materials to be used in stress analysis studies of test structures. This test method also yields excellent shear strength values for clear material. However, in spite of the large size of the specimen, failures generally occur only in narrow zones at the perimeter of the test area. This characteristic, a result of the heavy perimeter framing, causes this test method to be generally unsuited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as density variations, core gaps, and knots that are not uniformly distributed throughout the panel. Generally, only in cases where effects of these factors under conditions of heavy perimeter framing are desired, should the test method be applied.
1.1.3 Test Method C: Two-Rail Shear Test—This test method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and problems. The specimen fabrication and test procedures are somewhat simpler than in Test Methods A and B. The specimen is free to shear parallel to its 24-in.(610-mm) length dimension anywhere within the 8-in. (203-mm) width between rails. Thus, the test method is well suited for determining grade and manufacturin...
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Designation: D2719 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
1
Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cases where effects of these factors under conditions of heavy
perimeter framing are desired, should the test method be
1.1 These test methods determine the shear through-the-
applied.
thickness properties of structural panels associated with shear
1.1.3 Test Method C: Two-Rail Shear Test— This test
distortion of the major axis. Structural panels in use include
method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and
plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and
problems. The specimen fabrication and test procedures are
of wood based layers. Three test methods are included which
somewhatsimplerthaninTestMethodsAandB.Thespecimen
differ somewhat in their application:
is free to shear parallel to its 24-in.(610-mm) length dimension
Test Method Section
anywherewithinthe8-in.(203-mm)widthbetweenrails.Thus,
5
A. Small Panel Shear Test
the test method is well suited for determining grade and
B. Large Panel Shear Test 6
C. Two Rail Shear Test 7 manufacturing effects such as core gaps and knots occupying
and affecting small areas. The test method is not so ideally
The choice of test method will be determined in part by the
suited for determination of modulus of rigidity, but when
purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and
adjusted for strain distribution effects, values approximating
equipmentavailability.Ingeneral,TestMethodBorCforlarge
those obtained by Test Method B result. The test method
specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test
simulates effects of heavy framing when expected planes of
material, and experimental plan permit.
weakness are oriented perpendicular to rails and no framing at
1.1.1 Test Method A: Small Panel Shear Test—This test
all when parallel to rails.
method is suitable for testing small samples of uniform
material including investigations of the effects of grain direc- NOTE 1—Asmaller scale version based on the principles of this two rail
shear method is contained in Test Methods D1037 section 27. The results
tion or orientation and of many raw materials and manufactur-
from Test Methods D1037 section 27 may not be equivalent to the results
ing process variables which influence shear properties uni-
from Test Methods D2719 Method C.
formly throughout the specimen. The test method is unsuited
1.2 Significant differences, moderate to small in magnitude,
for determining effects of grade and manufacturing features
among the three test methods have been found to exist when
such as density variations, knots, and core gaps within the
these test methods are applied to plywood of clear straight-
specimen.
grained veneers. Therefore, when comparisons are made
1.1.2 Test Method B: Large Panel Shear Test—This test
among test results, it is recommended that the same test
method is regarded as giving the most accurate modulus of
method be used throughout.
rigidity and is therefore recommended for elastic tests of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
materials to be used in stress analysis studies of test structures.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This test method also yields excellent shear strength values for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
clear material. However, in spite of the large size of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen, failures generally occur only in narrow zones at the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
perimeter of the test area. This characteristic, a result of the
heavy perimeter framing, causes this test method to be gener-
2. Referenced Documents
ally unsuited for determining grade and manufacturing effects
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
such as density variations, core gaps, and knots that are not
uniformly distributed throughout the panel. Generally, only in D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-
Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
2
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2719 – 89 (2007). Stand
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2719 − 89 (Reapproved 2007) D2719 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
1
Structural Panels in Shear Through-the-Thickness
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods determine the shear through-the-thickness properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion
of the major axis. Structural panels in use include plywood, wafer board, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of
wood based layers. Three test methods are included which differ somewhat in their application:
Test Method Section
A. Small Panel Shear Test 5
B. Large Panel Shear Test 6
C. Two Rail Shear Test 7
The choice of test method will be determined in part by the purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and equipment
availability. In general, Test Method B or C for large specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test material, and
experimental plan permit.
1.1.1 Test Method A: Small Panel Shear Test—This test method is suitable for testing small samples of uniform material
including investigations of the effects of grain direction or orientation and of many raw materials and manufacturing process
variables which influence shear properties uniformly throughout the specimen. The test method is unsuited for determining effects
of grade and manufacturing features such as density variations, knots, and core gaps within the specimen.
1.1.2 Test Method B: Large Panel Shear Test—This test method is regarded as giving the most accurate modulus of rigidity and
is therefore recommended for elastic tests of materials to be used in stress analysis studies of test structures. This test method also
yields excellent shear strength values for clear material. However, in spite of the large size of the specimen, failures generally occur
only in narrow zones at the perimeter of the test area. This characteristic, a result of the heavy perimeter framing, causes this test
method to be generally unsuited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as density variations, core gaps, and knots
that are not uniformly distributed throughout the panel. Generally, only in cases where effects of these factors under conditions of
heavy perimeter framing are desired, should the test method be applied.
1.1.3 Test Method C: Two-Rail Shear Test— This test method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and problems. The
specimen fabrication and test procedures are somewhat simpler than in Test Methods A and B. The specimen is free to shear
parallel to its 24-in.(610-mm) length dimension anywhere within the 8-in. (203-mm) width between rails. Thus, the test method
is well suited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as core gaps and knots occupying and affecting small areas.
The test method is not so ideally suited for determination of modulus of rigidity, but when adjusted for strain distribution effects,
values approximating those obtained by Test Method B result. The test method simulates effects of heavy framing when expected
planes of weakness are oriented perpendicular to rails and no framing at all when parallel to rails.
NOTE 1—A smaller scale version based on the principles of this two rail shear method is contained in Test Methods D1037 section 27. The results from
Test Methods D1037 section 27 may not be equivalent to the results from Test Methods D2719 Method C.
1.2 Significant differences, moderate to small in magnitude, among the three test methods have been found to exist when these
test methods are applied to plywood of clear straight-grained veneers. Therefore, when comparisons are made among test results,
it is recommended that the same test method be used throughout.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007Oct. 1, 2013. Published April 2007October 2013. Originally approved in 19
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