ASTM D6333-98(2004)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Collection of Dislodgeable Pesticide Residues from Floors
Standard Practice for Collection of Dislodgeable Pesticide Residues from Floors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice may be used to estimate the potential for human exposure to pesticide residues that may be dislodged from residential floor surfaces by dermal contact. The sampling device employed is designed to approximately replicate the pressure applied by a 9 kg child crawling or walking on the floor.
Laboratory tests and field studies have shown that the transfer coefficient of the sampling device for collection of dried pesticide residues from nylon plush carpets is two to three times higher than that of a dry hand (palm only) pressed ten times at 7300 Pa over the same area of carpet (2,4,5).
This practice has been found suitable for use on plush and level loop carpets and vinyl flooring (2, 3).
This practice does not describe procedures for evaluation of the safety of floor surfaces or the potential for human exposure to dislodgeable pesticide residues. It is the user’responsibility to evaluate the data collected by this practice and make such determinations in the light of other available information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for collection of dislodgeable pesticide residues from indoor floor surfaces.
1.2 This practice and the sampling methodology described are applicable to bare floors or covered floor surfaces, for example,carpeting and vinyl flooring.
1.3 This practice and the sampling methodology described are applicable to all pesticides listed in Practice D 4861 whether applied directly to the floor surface or transported there by migration within the room or tracked in from outdoors.
1.4 Floor surfaces for which this practice has been successfully applied include nylon plush carpeting, polypropylene level-loop carpeting, and vinyl flooring.
1.5 Sample analysis will be dependent upon the nature of the pesticides targeted and is beyond the scope of this practice; however, the analytical procedures discussed in Practice D 4861 are applicable to this practice.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D6333–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Collection of Dislodgeable Pesticide Residues from Floors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made in paragraphs 3.1.1, 7.5.2, and Footnote 4 in April 2004.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for collection of
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
dislodgeable pesticide residues from indoor floor surfaces.
peratures)
1.2 This practice and the sampling methodology described
are applicable to bare floors or covered floor surfaces, for
3. Terminology
example, carpeting and vinyl flooring.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
1.3 This practice and the sampling methodology described
tice, refer to Terminology D1356.
areapplicabletoallpesticideslistedinPracticeD4861whether
3.1.1 dislodgeable residue—that part of the residue of a
applied directly to the floor surface or transported there by
chemical deposited on a solid surface that may be transferred
migration within the room or tracked in from outdoors.
by direct contact to human skin or clothing (sometimes called
1.4 Floor surfaces for which this practice has been success-
transferable residue).
fully applied include nylon plush carpeting, polypropylene
3.1.2 sampling traverse—the distance from the starting
level-loop carpeting, and vinyl flooring.
point to the end point over which the sampling media contacts
1.5 Sample analysis will be dependent upon the nature of
the floor surface for collection of a single sample.
the pesticides targeted and is beyond the scope of this practice;
3.1.3 transfer coeffıcient—the ratio of the amount of pesti-
however, the analytical procedures discussed in Practice
cide residue collected by the sampling media to the area of the
D4861 are applicable to this practice.
surface contacted by the media during a single sampling
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
traverse.
standard.
3.1.4 transfer effıciency—the ratio of the transfer coefficient
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to the pesticide surface loading determined by analysis of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
deposition coupons placed strategically on the test surface
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
before the pesticide application.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to its use.
4. Summary of Practice
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 The sampling method described in this practice is taken
2 from published work (1,2,3,4) .
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Dislodgeable pesticide residues from floor surfaces are
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
collected by transfer to an annular ring of polyurethane foam
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
(PUF), which is rolled across the floor at a constant speed and
Atmospheres
applied pressure.
D4861 Practice for Sampling and Selection of Analytical
4.3 The PUF sampling ring is slipped over a cylindrical
Techniques for Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
metal axle that functions as the front wheel of the PUF roller
in Air
apparatus. The apparatus is typically constructed of aluminum
andconsistsofaframewithtwopermanentrearwheelsandthe
detachable axle cylinder on the front.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Sampling
and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.4 Weights are attached to the roller frame to apply the
D22.05 on Indoor Air.
desired downward force on the PUF roller ring (sampling
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
pressure). A total weight of 3.88 kg provides a sampling
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D6333 - 98. DOI:
10.1520/D6333-98R04E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D6333–98 (2004)
pressure of 8300 Pa, corresponding approximately to that of a 5.4 This practice does not describe procedures for evalua-
9 kg child crawling or walking. tion of the safety of floor surfaces or the potential for human
4.5 A handle is connected at the rear of the roller frame to exposure to dislodgeable pesticide residues. It is the user’s
push or pull the device across the floor surface. responsibilitytoevaluatethedatacollectedbythispracticeand
4.6 A template or similar measuring device is used to make such determinations in the light of other available
identify the area to be sampled. The axle cylinder is fitted with information.
acleanPUFring,andtherolleristhenpushedataconstantrate
6. Interferences
of approximately 10 cm/s over a distance of 1.0 m and then
immediately pulled in the reverse direction back over the same 6.1 There are no known interferences to the collection of
dislodgeable pesticide residues from floors using this practice.
sampling area at the same rate of speed, ending at the original
starting position. The presence of excessive moisture levels in carpeting, as may
be the case shortly after a wet cleaning operation, may affect
4.7 The PUF ring is removed from the detached axle
cylinder and placed in a sealed container for transport to the the dislodgeability of residues, possibly yielding higher than
normal results.
laboratory for analysis.
6.2 Analytical interferences may be caused by contaminants
4.8 The PUF ring is extracted and analyzed using specific
analytical procedures for the pesticides of interest. Typical in the sampling medium, solvents, and reagents and on
glassware and other sampling or sample processing hardware
methodsinvolveSoxhletextractionwithanalysisofextractsby
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), gas that result in discrete artifacts and elevated baselines, or both,
in the detector profiles. For potential analytical interferences,
chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD), or
other techniques noted in Practice D4861. refer to Practice D4861.
7. Apparatus
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice may be used to estimate the potential for 7.1 PUF Roller Sampler, (as shown in Fig. 1) may be
human exposure to pesticide residues that may be dislodged constructed by a machinist using primarily aluminum materi-
fromresidentialfloorsurfacesbydermalcontact.Thesampling als.Thetypicalapparatusconsistsofaframe(12.4by25.4cm)
device employed is designed to approximately replicate the that is attached to a rear axle that holds a swivel joint in the
pressure applied bya9kg child crawling or walking on the center for attaching the handle and has two aluminum wheels
floor. (2.5-cm wide by 10.2-cm diameter). The distance between the
5.2 Laboratory tests and field studies have shown that the outside of the two wheels is 21.6 cm and between the inside of
transfer coefficient of the sampling device for collection of the wheels is 16.5 cm.An aluminum cylinder (7.6-cm long by
dried pesticide residues from nylon plush carpets is two to 4.3-cm diameter) is attached to the front of the sampler frame
three times higher than that of a dry hand (palm only) pressed by 6-mm diameter hex head axle bolts on the cylinder that fit
ten times at 7300 Pa over the same area of carpet (2,4,5). into slots on the frame. This cylinder serves as the front axle
5.3 This practice has been found suitable for use on plush and also holds the PUF sampling medium (see 7.2). The front
and level loop carpets and vinyl flooring (2, 3). axle cylinder is secured in the slots by spring steel retaining
FIG. 1 PUF Roller: A. In Position for Sampling. B. Axle Cylinder/Frame Assembly.
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D6333–98 (2004)
clips that permit easy attachment and removal of the cylinder. wheels of the PUF roller with only a slight tolerance. The
The handle for the sampler is two pieces that screw together thicknessofthesideandendbarsisapproximately0.3cm.The
(102-cm long by 1.3-cm diameter, overall) and then screw into vertical height of the side bars should be sufficient to keep the
the swivel joint on the rear axle. Two stainless steel blocks, wheels on the track, for example 2.5 cm. The carpet surface is
each measuring 12.7 by 7.3 by 2.5 cm and having a combined exposed through a central opening 163 by 16.5 cm in dimen-
weight of 3.88 kg, are attached to the center of the frame sion.The template is clearly marked at the starting point and at
through holes that fit over 3-mm diameter threaded posts on 10-cm intervals along its length up to and including the ending
either side of the frame. The weights are secured to the frame point at the 1.0-m mark. The starting point is marked on the
with hand-tightened knurled nuts. template about 34 cm from one end so that the wheels of the
sampler will remain upon the tracks with some room to spare
NOTE 1—Although the use of stainless steel to construct the weights is
when the front of the sampler is in position to begin a sample
not required (other materials of similar density will suffice), the ease of
traverse.
cleaning and resistance to corrosion make this metal very useful.
7.4 Starting Platform—A thin (1.6-mm) aluminum sheet
7.2 PUF Sampling Medium—The sampling medium con-
(33 by 25.4 cm) to be used as a platform to prevent contact of
sists of an annular plug cut from a sheet of medium density
the PUF ring with the surface to be sampled before starting a
(0.029 g/cm ) open-cell, polyether-type polyurethane foam,
sampling traverse.
7.6-cm thick.
7.5 Other Equipment:
NOTE 2—This foam is the type used commercially in upholstery and is
7.5.1 Tongs, large (23-cm long), scissor type, stainless steel
widely used for air sampling. It is the same type as that described in
tongs, or similar implements, for installing and removing the
Practice D4861, but has a higher density.
PUF rings from the sampler apparatus.
7.2.1 Cut the foam sheet stock with a high-speed cutting die
7.5.2 Gloves—Protective gloves, powder-free nitrile, latex,
lubricated with distilled water to produce an annular ring
or polyvinyl acetate, are required to guard against potentially
8.9-cm O.D. by 4.2-cm I.D.Alternatively, the PUF sheet stock
hazardous exposures and to minimize risk of cross contamina-
may be immersed in distilled water and compressed to achieve
tion between sampler apparatus and sampling media.
saturation prior to cutting.
7.5.3 Squeeze Bottle—A plastic (polytetrafluroethylene)
7.2.2 After cutting, immerse the rings in pesticide grade
squeeze bottle, 250–500-mL volume, is filled with solvent and
acetone and compress to remove most of the distilled water.
is used to rinse the sampler apparatus that contacts the
Repeat the process.
sampling media and the tongs used to install and remove the
7.2.3 Extract the rings with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor
media.
for24hat4to6cycles/h,followedbyasecondextractionwith
7.5.4 Stopwatch.
5 % diethyl ether in n-hexane for an additional 14 to 24 h at 4
7.5.5 Clean Glass Jars, for the collection and storage of
to 6 cycles/h. A final 24-h extraction with acetone is recom-
samples.
mended to ensure that the PUF ring retains its shape.
7.5.6 Thermometer (see Specification E1).
7.2.4 Upon completion of the Soxhlet extractions, transfer
7.5.7 Relative Humidity Meter (see Test Method E337).
the PUF rings with solvent-rinsed tweezers into an open,
pre-cleaned container (Refer to Practice D4861 for cleaning). 8. Reagents
7.2.5 Place containers with PUF rings inside a vacuum
8.1 Acetone, pesticide quality.
drying oven and dry for 16 h under purified zero grade
8.2 n-Hexane, pesticide quality.
nitrogen.
8.3 Diethyl Ether, analytical reagent grade, preserved with
7.2.6 Place the dried rings in clean, sealed containers for
2 % ethanol.
storage, preferably in an area protected from prolonged expo-
8.4 2-Propanol, pesticide quality.
sure to light.
8.5 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
7.3 Guide Bar—A flat bar or ruler approximately 1.4-m
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
longcanbeusedtoguidethesamplerduringatraverseoverthe
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
floor surface. For example, an aluminum bar 2.5-cm wide and
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
6-mm thick may be used in this application. The bar is clearly
where such specifications are available.
marked at the starting point and at 10-cm intervals along its
8.6 Purity of Water—References to distilled water shall be
length up to and including the ending point at the 1.0-m mark.
understood to mean distilled water, which is Type II reagent
The starting point is marked on the bar about 34 cm from one
water conforming to Specification D1193.
end so that the wheels of the sampler will contact the bar when
thefrontofthesamplerisinplacetobeginasamplingtraverse. 9. Sampling Procedure
7.3.1 Alternatively, a template may be constructed to serve
9.1 Sampling Layout:
asaguideforsampling.Anexampleofsuchatemplatethathas
been found useful may be constructed from two 168-cm long
right-angled side bars made from extruded aluminum or other
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
suitable material with each side of the L-shaped bar having a
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
width of about 2.5 cm. The two angled sidebars are connected
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
at each end with a 2.5-cm wide flat bar that is 21.5-cm long,
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
thereby resulting in two tracks that will accommodate the rear MD.
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D6333–98 (2004)
9.1.1 At least three samples should be collected in the room 9.3 Sample Collection:
to be monitored. Unless the monitoring protocol requires
9.3.1 Place the sampler on the aluminum starting platform
otherwi
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