ASTM A988/A988M-98(2002)e1

Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, powder metal, stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as in ASME specification B16.5.
1.2 Several grades of martensitic, austenitic, and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are included in this specification.
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test methods portions 8.1, 8.2, 9.5-9.7, and Section 10 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1998
• ICS: 49.025.10 - Steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A988-98(2002) - Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Replaced By: ASTM A988/A988M-05 - Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: A 988/A 988M – 98 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Hot Isostatically-Pressed Stainless Steel Flanges, Fittings,
Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 988/A 988M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—The title was changed to a dual designation editorially to reflect the existing measurements in the standard
in September 2004.
1. Scope A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
nation of Steel Forgings
1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow-
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
der metal, stainless steel piping components for use in pressure
of Steel Products
systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
madetospecifieddimensionsortodimensionalstandards,such
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
as in ASME specification B16.5.
A 923 TestMethodsforDetectingDetrimentalIntermetallic
1.2 Several grades of martensitic, austenitic, and austenitic-
Phase in Wrought Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless
ferritic stainless steels are included in this specification.
Steels
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
Size
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
E 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
E 606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall
G 48 Test Method for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-
be furnished to inch-pound units.
tance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Ferric Chloride Solution
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
2.2 MSS Standard:
theSIunitsareshowninparentheses.Thevaluesstatedineach
SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
Flanges, and Unions
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
2.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure Vessel
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
Codes:
cation.
B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test
Flanged Fittings
methods portions 8.1, 8.2, 9.5-9.7, and Section 10 of this
2.4 ASME Specification IX Welding Qualifications:
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
SFA-5.4 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Chromium-Nickel Steel CoveredWelding Electrodes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
SFA-5.9 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Electrodes
2. Referenced Documents SFA-5.11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Cov-
ered Welding Electrodes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranu-
lar Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
1 5
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for PipingApplications and Bolting AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 988/A 988M – 98 (2002)
3. Terminology 3.1.8 powder blend, n—a homogeneous mixture of powder
from one or more heats of the same grade.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.9 rough part, n—the part prior to final machining.
3.1.1 can, n—the container used to encapsulate the powder
duringthepressureconsolidationprocess;itispartiallyorfully
4. Ordering Information
removed from the final part.
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify in the
3.1.2 compact, n—the consolidated powder from one can. It
purchase order all requirements that are necessary for material
may be used to make one or more parts.
ordered under this specification. Such requirements may in-
3.1.3 consolidation, n—the bonding of adjacent powder
clude, but are not limited to, the following:
particles in a compact under pressure by heating to a tempera-
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of parts),
ture below the melting point of the powder.
4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number,
3.1.4 fill stem, n—the part of the compact used to fill the
4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
can. It is not integral usually to the part produced.
4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes should be
3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, n—a process for simulta-
included),
neously heating and forming a compact in which the powder is
4.1.5 Microstructure examination if required (5.1.4),
contained in a sealed formable enclosure usually made from
4.1.6 Inspection (15.1),
metal and the so-contained powder is subjected to equal
4.1.7 Whether rough part or finished machined (8.2.2),
pressure from all directions at a temperature high enough to
4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any,
permit plastic deformation and consolidation of the powder
4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2 and 17.1), and
particles to take place.
4.1.10 Requirement, if any, that the manufacturer shall
3.1.6 lot, n—a number of parts made from a single powder
submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough
blend following the same manufacturing practice.
part before machining and the exact location of test specimen
3.1.7 part, n—a single item coming from a compact, either material (see 9.3).
prior to or after machining.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
UNS Phosphorus, Sulfur, Columbium Tantalum,
Grade Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Titanium
Designation max max plus Tantalum max
Martensitic Stainless Steels
S41000 13 chromium 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.040 0.030 1.00 max 11.5–13.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .
S41026 13 chromium 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.02 0.02 1.0 max 1.00–2.00 11.5–13.5 0.40–0.60 Other Elements
0.5 molybdenum Cu 0.50 max
S41500 13 chromium, 4 0.05 max 0.50–1.00 0.030 0.030 0.60 max 3.5–5.5 11.5–14.0 0.50–1.00 . . . . . . . . .
nickel
S42390 12 chromium, 1.0 0.18–0.25 1.00 max 0.030 0.030 1.00 max 0.30–0.80 11.5–12.5 0.80–1.20 Other Elements
molybdenum, N 0.03–0.08
modified V 0.25–0.35
with vanadium Cb 0.08–0.15
Austenitic Stainless Steels
A
S30400 18 chromium, 8 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 8.0–11.0 18.0–20.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
nickel
A
S30403 18 chromium, 8 0.035 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 8.0–13.0 18.0–20.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
low carbon
B
S30451 18 chromium, 8 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 18.0–11.0 18.0–20.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
modified with
nitrogen
S30453 18 chromium, 8 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 8.0–11.0 18.0–20.0 . . . . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
modified with
nitrogen
A
S31600 18 chromium, 8 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 10.0–14.0 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
modified with
molybdenum
A
S31603 18 chromium, 8 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 10.0–14.0 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
modified with
molybdenum, low
carbon
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 988/A 988M – 98 (2002)
TABLE 1 Continued
Composition, %
UNS Phosphorus, Sulfur, Columbium Tantalum,
Grade Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Titanium
Designation max max plus Tantalum max
B
S31651 18 chromium, 8 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 10.0–13.0 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
modified with
molybdenum and
nitrogen
B
S31653 18 chromium, 8 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 10.0–13.0 16.0–18.0 2.00–3.00 . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
modified with
molybdenum and
nitrogen
S31700 19 chromium, 13 0.08 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 11.0–15.0 18.0-20.0 3.0–4.0 . . . . . . . . .
nickel
3.5 molybdenum
S31703 19 chromium, 13 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 11.0–15.0 18.0–20.0 3.0–4.0 . . . . . . . . .
nickel,
3.5 molybdenum
S21904 20 chromium, 6 0.04 max 8.0–10.0 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 5.5–7.5 19.0–21.5 . . . . . . Other Elements
nickel, 9 N 0.15–0.40
manganese
S31254 20 chromium, 18 0.020 max 1.00 max 0.030 0.010 0.80 max 17.5–18.5 19.5–20.5 6.0–6.5 . . . Other Elements
nickel, 6 Cu 0.50-1.00
molybdenum, low N 0.18-0.22
carbon
S31725 19 chromium, 15 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 13.5–17.5 18.0–20.0 4.0–5.0 . . . Other elements
nickel, 4 N0.20max
molybdenum
S31726 19 chromium, 15 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.045 0.030 1.00 max 14.5–17.5 17.0–20.0 4.0–5.0 . . . Other Elements
nickel, 4 N 0.10–0.20
molybdenum
N08367 22 chromium, 25 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.040 0.030 1.00 max 23.50– 20.0–22.0 6.0–7.0 Other Elements
nickel, 25.50 N 0.18–0.25
6.5 molybdenum, Cu 0.75 max
low
carbon
S32654 25 chromium, 22 0.020 max 2.0–4.0 0.030 0.005 0.50 max 21.0–23.0 24.0–25.0 7.0–8.0 Other Elements
nickel, N 0.45–0.55
7 molybdenum, low Cu 0.30–0.60
carbon
Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steels
S31803 22 chromium, 5.5 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 0.020 1.00 max 4.5–6.5 21.0–23.0 2.5–3.5 . . . Other Elements
nickel, N 0.08–0.20
modified with
nitrogen
S32205 22 chromium, 5.5 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.030 0.020 1.00 max 4.5–6.5 22.0–23.0 3.0–3.5 Other Elements
nickel, modified Cu 0.75 max
with high nitrogen N 0.14-0.20
S32950 26 chromium, 3.5 0.030 max 2.00 max 0.035 0.010 0.60 max 3.5–5.2 26.0–29.0 1.00–2.50 . . . Other Elements
nickel, N 0.15-0.35
1.0 molybdenum
S32750 25 chromium, 7 0.030 max 1.20 max 0.035 0.020 0.80 max 6.0-8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0-5.0 . . . Other Elements
nickel, 4 max N 0.24–0.32
molybdenum, Cu 0.50 max
modified with
nitrogen
S39274 25 chromium, 7 0.030 max 1.0 max 0.030 0.020 0.80 max 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 2.50–3.50 . . . Other Elements
nickel, max max N 0.24–0.32
modified with Cu 0.20–0.80
nitrogen W 1.50–2.50
and tungsten
C
S32760 25 chromium, 7 0.030 max 1.00 max 0.030 0.010 1.00 max 6.0–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 . . . Other Elements
nickel, 3.5 N 0.20–0.30
molybdenum, Cu 0.50–1.00
modified with W 0.50–1.00
nitrogen and
tungsten
S39277 25 chromium, 7 0.025 max 0.80 max 0.025 0.002 0.80 max 6.5–8.0 24.0–26.0 3.0–4.0 . . . Other Elements
nickel, Cu 1.20–2.00
3.7 molybdenum W 0.80–1.20
N 0.23–0.33
A
S30400, S30403, S31600, and S31603 shall have a maximum nitrogen content of 0.10 %.
B
S30451, S31651, S30453, S31653 shall have a nitrogen content of 0.10 to 0.16 %.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 988/A 988M – 98 (2002)
C
%Cr+3.3 3 %Mo+16 3 %N>40min.
5. Materials and Manufacture 7. Heat Treatment
5.1 Manufacturing Practice:
7.1 Except as provided in 7.2, the final heat treatment of all
5.1.1 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a single
parts shall be in compliance with the requirements of Table 2.
powderblendintoacan,evacuatingthecan,andsealingit.The
Afterhotisostatic-pressingandpriortofinalheattreatment,the
can material shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleteri-
compactsmaybeannealed,attheoptionoftheproducer,either
ous effect on the final product. The entire assembly shall be
asapartoftheconsolidationprocessorasaseparateoperation.
heated at a temperature and placed under sufficient pressure for
7.2 When agreed upon by the purchaser, liquid quenching
a sufficient period of time to ensure that the final consolidated
maybeappliedtothemartensiticstainlesssteelsinplaceofthe
part meets the density requirements of 8.1.1.1. One or more
furnace cool or air cool specified inTable 2, provided that such
parts shall be machined from a single compact.
quenching is followed by tempering in the temperature ranges
5.1.2 Thepowdershallbeprealloyedandmadebyamelting
as required in Table 2. Martensitic parts that are liquid
method capable of producing the specified chemical composi-
quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT.”
tion, such as but not limited to, air or vacuum induction
7.3 The final heat treatment shall be performed before or
melting, followed by gas atomization.
after machining at the option of the producer.
5.1.3 When powder from more than one heat of the same
7.4 See Section S15 if a particular heat treatment method is
grade is used to make a blend, the heats shall be mixed
specified by the purchaser in the order.
thoroughly to ensure homogeneity.
5.1.4 The compact shall be sectioned and the microstructure
8. Structural Integrity Requirements
examined to check for porosity and other internal imperfec-
tions. It shall meet the requirements of 8.1.2. The sample shall
8.1 Microporosity—The parts shall be free of microporosity
betakenfromthefillstemorfromalocationinapartasagreed
as demonstrated by measurement of density as provided in
upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
8.1.1 or by microstructural examination as provided in 8.1.2.
5.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
8.1.1 Density Measurement:
manufacturer shall remove the can material from the surfaces
8.1.1.1 The density measurement shall be used for accep-
of the consolidated compacts by chemi
...