ASTM D6849-13(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
Standard Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 LPG samples can change composition during storage and use from preferential vaporization of lighter (lower molecular weight) hydrocarbon components, dissolved inert gases (N2, Ar, He, and so forth) and other dissolved gases/liquids (NH3, CO2, H2S, H2O, etc.). Careful selection of cylinder type, cylinder volume, and use of inert gas for pressurizing cylinders is required to ensure that composition changes are small enough to maintain the integrity of LPG when used as a QC reference material for various LPG test methods.
5.2 Monitoring of ongoing precision and bias on QC materials using control chart techniques in accordance with Practice D6299 can be used to establish the need for calibration or maintenance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers information for the storage and use of LPG samples in standard cylinders of the type used in sampling method, Practice D1265 and floating piston cylinders used in sampling method, Practice D3700.
1.2 This practice is especially applicable when the LPG sample is used as a quality control (QC) reference material for LPG test methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) analysis (Test Method D2163) or vapor pressure (Test Method D6897) that use only a few mL per test, since relatively small portable Department of Transportation (DOT) cylinders (for example, 20 lb common barbecue cylinders) can be used. This practice can be applied to other test methods. However, test methods that require a large amount of sample per test (for example, manual vapor pressure Test Method D1267) will require QC volumes in excess of 1000 L if stored in standard DOT cylinders or American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) vessels.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D6849 −13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in
Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene
Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
1.1 This practice covers information for the storage and use
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-
of LPG samples in standard cylinders of the type used in
ing Piston Cylinder
sampling method, Practice D1265 and floating piston cylinders
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
used in sampling method, Practice D3700.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
1.2 This practice is especially applicable when the LPG
Measurement System Performance
sample is used as a quality control (QC) reference material for
D6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-
LPG test methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) analysis
leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)
(Test Method D2163) or vapor pressure (Test Method D6897)
that use only a few mL per test, since relatively small portable
3. Terminology
Department of Transportation (DOT) cylinders (for example,
3.1 Definitions:
20 lb common barbecue cylinders) can be used. This practice
can be applied to other test methods. However, test methods 3.1.1 floating piston cylinder (FPC), n—high-pressure
that require a large amount of sample per test (for example, sample container with a free-floating internal piston that
manual vapor pressure Test Method D1267) will require QC effectively divides the container into two separate compart-
volumes in excess of 1000 L if stored in standard DOT ments.
cylinders or American Society of Mechanical Engineers
3.1.1.1 Discussion—A floating piston cylinder is used to
(ASME) vessels.
collect a sample of liquid under pressure without the formation
of a gaseous phase which can result in changes in the
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- composition of the liquid sample.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 high-pressure sample cylinder, n—a container used for
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
storage and transportation of a sample obtained at pressures
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
above atmospheric pressure.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This type of sample cylinder, some-
timescalleda‘standard80 %fillcylinder’,whenusedforLPG
2. Referenced Documents
typically contains both liquid and vapor phase material.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 liquefied petroleum gas, (LP Gas, LPG), n—a narrow
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
boiling range mixture of hydrocarbons consisting of propane,
Gases, Manual Method
propylene, butanes and butylenes, individually or in specified
D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied
combinations, with limited amounts of other hydrocarbons and
Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
naturally occurring non-hydrocarbons.
D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in
3.1.3.1 Discussion—LPG is typically maintained in a liquid
state by containing it within a closed container or storage tank
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
that can withstand the vapor pressure of the LPG at ambient
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
temperature, or at a low temperature in refrigerated storage.
mittee D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
3.1.4 maximum fill volume (reduced fill volume), n—the
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6849 – 13. DOI:
volumeofacontainerthatmaybesafelyoccupiedbytheliquid
10.1520/D6849-13R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sample, usually expressed as a percentage of the total capacity.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Some regulatory agencies use the ex-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. pressions ‘maximum fill density’ and ‘reduced fill density.’
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6849−13 (2021)
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice provides information for the design and
operation of LPG sample storage cylinders taking into account
properties of LPG and types of cylinders in common use for
storage of LPG.
4.2 This practice provides additional guidelines to Practice
D6299 to determine the minimum volume of LPG sample
material required, when used as a QC reference material.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 LPG samples can change composition during storage
and use from preferential vaporization of lighter (lower mo-
lecular weight) hydrocarbon components, dissolved inert gases
(N , Ar, He, and so forth) and other dissolved gases/liquids
(NH ,CO ,H S, H O, etc.). Careful selection of cylinder type,
3 2 2 2
cylinder volume, and use of inert gas for pressurizing cylinders
is required to ensure that composition changes are small
enough to maintain the integrity of LPG when used as a QC
reference material for various LPG test methods.
5.2 Monitoring of ongoing precision and bias on QC mate-
rials using control chart techniques in accordance with Practice
D6299 can be used to establish the need for calibration or
maintenance.
FIG. 1Typical Floating Piston Cylinder (FPC)
6. Reference Materials
6.1 The LPG QC reference material should have a vapor
8. Use of Standard 80 % Fill Cylinders for LPG QC
pressure and composition in the range of the samples regularly
Materials
tested by the equipment. This is particularly important for
LPG/natural gas liquid (NGL) mixtures near the critical 8.1 Common 80 % filled storage tanks or cylinders can be
temperature, as these liquids have large thermal and pressure used for LPG QC materials provided that the QC material
expansion coefficients. batch volume is sufficiently large to avoid adverse short term
vaporization effects.
6.2 LPG QC reference materials should be stored in an
environment suitable for long term storage without significant 8.2 The total initial volume and the minimum unused
sample degradation for the test(s) being performed. volume of QC materials stored in standard 80 % fill cylinders
NOTE 1—As an example, evidence of a long term shift or bias in the
mustbecontrolledtoensurethatintheshortterm,composition
LPG QC reference material results obtained relative to the established
is constant relative to the precision of the test method.
statistical control limits and average value determined for the test initially,
8.2.1 As liquid is withdrawn from LPG cylinders, a small
may indicate that the composition of the LPG QC reference material has
amount of the remaining liquid must vaporize to replace the
significantly degraded or changed over time. An investigation should be
volume. This results in a small, but predictable, change in
conducted to determine if the long term stability of the QC reference
material is the cause for the out-of-control situation.
composition and vapor pressure from preferential vaporization
of lighter components from the remaining liquid. The compo-
7. Use of Floating Piston Cylinders for LPG Samples
sition and vapor pressure changes are known to be approxi-
7.1 Minimum LPG sample volume can be determined in matelylinearatlowvaportoliquid(V/L)ratios.Thesechanges
accordance with Practice D6299. accelerate and become more significant as the remaining
NOTE 2—Estimating the minimum LPG sample volume needed in-
volume of liquid decreases and the cylinder approaches empty.
cludes such things as the sample volume needed to conduct the appropri-
However, if the i
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6849 − 13 D6849 − 13 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in
Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6849; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice covers information for the storage and use of LPG samples in standard cylinders of the type used in sampling
method, Practice D1265 and floating piston cylinders used in sampling method, Practice D3700.
1.2 This practice is especially applicable when the LPG sample is used as a quality control (QC) reference material for LPG test
methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) analysis (Test Method D2163) or vapor pressure (Test Method D6897) that use only
a few mL per test, since relatively small portable Department of Transportation (DOT) cylinders (for example, 20 lb common
barbecue cylinders) can be used. This practice can be applied to other test methods. However, test methods that require a large
amount of sample per test (for example, manual vapor pressure Test Method D1267) will require QC volumes in excess of 1000
L if stored in standard DOT cylinders or American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) vessels.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method
D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by
Gas Chromatography
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 floating piston cylinder (FPC), n—high-pressure sample container with a free-floating internal piston that effectively divides
the container into two separate compartments.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013Dec. 1, 2021. Published July 2013December 2021. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 as
D6849D6849 – 13.–02 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D6849-13.10.1520/D6849-13R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6849 − 13 (2021)
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
A floating piston cylinder is used to collect a sample of liquid under pressure without the formation of a gaseous phase which can
result in changes in the composition of the liquid sample.
3.1.2 high-pressure sample cylinder, n—a container used for storage and transportation of a sample obtained at pressures above
atmospheric pressure.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
This type of sample cylinder, sometimes called a ‘standard 80 % fill cylinder’, when used for LPG typically contains both liquid
and vapor phase material.
3.1.3 liquefied petroleum gas, (LP Gas, LPG), n—a narrow boiling range mixture of hydrocarbons consisting of propane,
propylene, butanes and butylenes, individually or in specified combinations, with limited amounts of other hydrocarbons and
naturally occurring non-hydrocarbons.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
LPG is typically maintained in a liquid state by containing it within a closed container or storage tank that can withstand the vapor
pressure of the LPG at ambient temperature, or at a low temperature in refrigerated storage.
3.1.4 maximum fill volume (reduced fill volume), n—the volume of a container that may be safely occupied by the liquid sample,
usually expressed as a percentage of the total capacity.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
Some regulatory agencies use the expressions ‘maximum fill density’ and ‘reduced fill density.’
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice provides information for the design and operation of LPG sample storage cylinders taking into account properties
of LPG and types of cylinders in common use for storage of LPG.
4.2 This practice provides additional guidelines to Practice D6299 to determine the minimum volume of LPG sample material
required, when used as a QC reference material.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 LPG samples can change composition during storage and use from preferential vaporization of lighter (lower molecular
weight) hydrocarbon components, dissolved inert gases (N , Ar, He, and so forth) and other dissolved gases/liquids (NH , CO ,
2 3 2
H S, H O, etc.). Careful selection of cylinder type, cylinder volume, and use of inert gas for pressurizing cylinders is required to
2 2
ensure that composition changes are small enough to maintain the integrity of LPG when used as a QC reference material for
various LPG test methods.
5.2 Monitoring of ongoing precision and bias on QC materials using control chart techniques in accordance with Practice D6299
can be used to establish the need for calibration or maintenance.
6. Reference Materials
6.1 The LPG QC reference material should have a vapor pressure and composition in the range of the samples regularly tested
by the equipment. This is particularly important for LPG/natural gas liquid (NGL) mixtures near the critical temperature, as these
liquids have large thermal and pressure expansion coefficients.
6.2 LPG QC reference materials should be stored in an environment suitable for long term storage without significant sample
degradation for the test(s) being performed.
NOTE 1—As an example, evidence of a long term shift or bias in the LPG QC reference material results obtained relative to the established statistical
control limits and average value determined for the test initially, may indicate that the composition of the LPG QC reference material has significantly
degraded or changed over time. An investigation should be conducted to determine if the long term stability of the QC reference material is the cause
for the out-of-control situation.
7. Use of Floating Piston Cylinders for LPG Samples
7.1 Minimum LPG sample volume can be determined in accordance with Practice D6299.
D6849 − 13 (2021)
NOTE 2—Estimating the minimum LPG sample volume needed includes such things as the sample volume needed to conduct the appropriate test(s) and
the number of analytical measurements that are expected to be made over the intended period of use.
7.2 Floating piston cylinders (see Fig. 1) are preferred for LPG sample materials for tests involving accurate determination of light
gases.
7.3 Excessive inert gas pressure should be avoided for long term storage of vapor pressure QC or calibrant materials in floating
piston cylinders. Leakage of inert gas past worn or damaged floating piston seals can cause an increase in dissolved gas
concentration and vapor pressure of the QC sample material.
8. Use of Standard 80 % Fill Cylinders for LPG QC Materials
8.1 Common 80 % filled storage tanks or cylinders can be used for LPG QC materials provided that the QC material batch volume
is sufficiently large to avoid adverse short term vaporization effects.
8.2 The total initial volume and the minimum unused volume of QC materials stored in standard 80 % fill cylinders must be
controlled to ensure that in the short term, composition is constant relative to the pr
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