ASTM D3711-95(2000)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Deposition Tendencies of Liquids in Thin Films and Vapors
Standard Test Method for Deposition Tendencies of Liquids in Thin Films and Vapors
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of liquids in thin films and of vapors to form deposits on metal surfaces. The test method applies to both petroleum-based and synthetic lubricants, hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer fluids, and related materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D3711–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Deposition Tendencies of Liquids in Thin Films and Vapors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Warning notes were placed in the text editorially in November 2000.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ten- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dency of liquids in thin films and of vapors to form deposits on 3.1.1 deposit tendency, n—the deposition tendency of a thin
metal surfaces. The test method applies to both petroleum- film or vapor is an index of the propensity of a material to form
based and synthetic lubricants, hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer carbonaceous residues on hot surfaces in contact with the
fluids, and related materials. liquid or vapor phase of the sample.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are
4.1 The test specimen is allowed to flow slowly in a thin
available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the film over a steel test specimen in a constant-temperature
chamber (furnace liner). Circulation of the sample from the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- sump to the heated surface and back to the sump is accom-
plished by means of a peristaltic pump. After the prescribed
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard test period, the steel test specimen is removed from the
apparatus and evaluated. The masses of deposits remaining
statements, see Section 7.
afterwashingwithpentane,afterwashingwithchloroform,and
2. Referenced Documents
after wiping with a paper tissue are reported.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.2 An optional procedure (see Annex A1) provides a
D 216 Method for Distillation of Natural Gasoline method for the determination of the tendency of sample vapors
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod- to form deposits on heated surfaces.Asecond test specimen is
ucts (Reid Method) placed in the vapor space over a thin flowing film of the liquid
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and in a constant-temperature chamber (furnace liner).After circu-
Petroleum Products lation of the test liquid for a specified time the deposits on the
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and test specimen exposed to the liquid and the vapor phases are
Petroleum Products measured in the manner described in 4.1.
E 230 Specification Temperature-Electromotive Force
6 5. Significance and Use
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.2 ANSI Standard: 5.1 The test method shall measure the deposit formation
tendencies of liquids on steel surfaces in air at 101.3 KPa
C 96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.
(1-atm) pressure. Other surfaces and other atmospheric media
may be substituted for steel and air at 1 atm provided that the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
substitution is noted in the test report.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.11 on Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally
published as D 3711 – 78. Last previous edition D 3711 – 93.
6.1 Tube Furnace, with heating chamber 305 mm (12 in.)
United States Patent 2,669,865. Joseph Cole and John Krawetz. 3
long by 35 mm (1 ⁄8 in.) in diameter (see Fig. 1).
Discontinued—see 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
7 8
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Type FD303A combustion furnace manufactured by Hoskins Manufacturing
Floor, New York, NY 10036. Co., Detroit, MI 48232, has been found satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3711
in. mm
12 304.8
16 406.4
A—Inlet end cap H—Sample outlet tube
B—Sample delivery tube I—Sample sump
C—Gas atmosphere outlet J—Peristaltic pump
D—Metal test piece for thin liquid films K—Insulated terminals of furnace heater element
E—Furnace liner (with standard taper male end joints) L—Tube furnace
F—Outlet end cap TC1—Control thermocouple for furnace controller
G—Gas atmosphere inlet TC2—Thermocouple for test temperature read out
FIG. 1 Tube Furnace
6.2 Furnace Liner (constant-temperature chamber)—See 6.3 Temperature Controller.
Fig. 2. 6.4 Potentiometer, direct-temperature readout.
6.5 Thermocouples, for temperature control and read-out in
accordance with ANSI C96.1 (see Specification E 230).
6.6 Pump, peristaltic or kinetic clamp type capable of
delivering 50 6 5 mL of sample per hour.
6.7 Tubing for use with pump.
6.8 Steel Test Specimens—See Fig. 3.
6.9 Analytical Balance capable of measuring mass of test
specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Chloroform (Warning—Can be fatal if swallowed.
Harmful if inhaled. May produce toxic vapors if burned. See
A2.1.) technical grade.
A Model 520 Solid State Controller manufactured by Barber Colman Co.,
Rockford, IL, has been found satisfactory.
AModel 400Adigital temperature indicator manufactured by Doric Scientific,
San Diego, CA has been found satisfactory.
Any peristaltic pump capable of delivering the sample at the prescribed rate is
1 ⁄16 in. = 30.1 mm
satisfactory. Any tubing compatible with the sample may be used. It is recognized
D—Metal test piece for thin liquid films
that, due to viscosity and compatibility phenomena, no single pump and tubing
E—Furnace liner (with standard tape male end joints)
combination will be acceptable for use with all samples.
M—Longitudinal aligning rods
Kimwipes, Type 900M manufactured by Kimberly Clark Corp., Neenah, WI,
FIG. 2 Furnace Liner have been found satisfactory.
D3711
10.3 Insert the clean, dry test specimen in the furnace liner
and place the liner in the furnace. Place the end caps on the
liner. Install new tubing in the system. Fill the sump with 100
mL of the sample to be tested.
10.4 Before connecting the pump outlet tube to the input
head of the furnace liner determine that the sample flow rate is
50 6 5 mL/h. If the flow rate is not within the stated limits
adjust the rate accordingly until it is correct.
10.5 Turn on the furnace and allow it to reach temperature
equilibrium at the desired test temperature. Start the sample
in. mm
1 ⁄8 28.5
pump at the same time.
9 228.6
10.5.1 A test temperature of 533 K has been found to be
FIG. 3 Metal Test Piece Thin Film Liquid Contact
useful for the evaluation of the thin film deposit forming
characteristics of automotive crankcase oils and similar mate-
7.2 Chromic Acid Cleaning Solution (Warning—Causes rials of petroleum origin. Synthetic materials and highly
refinedpetroleumfluidsmaybetestedathighertemperaturesif
severe burns. A recognized carcinogen. Strong oxidizer, con-
tact with organic material can cause fire. Hygroscopic. See desired.
2.2.)
10.6 Allow the sample to circulate from the sump, over the
7.3 Mild Steel Shim Stock, 0.051 mm (0.002 in.) thick.
testspecimenandbacktothesumpfor5hafterthefurnacehas
7.4 Pentane (Warning—Extremely flammable. Harmful if
reached temperature equilibrium.
inhaled. Vapors can cause flash fire. See A2.3.) commercial
10.7 After 5 h turn off the pump and remove the test
grade, conforming to the following requirements:
specimen from the furnace liner. Carefully rinse the test
Distillation (Method D 216):
specimen with three successive rinses of pentane to remove
Initial boiling point 306.5 K (92°F)
adhering sample. Dry at room temperature and weigh to the
Dry point 313.8 K (105°F)
nearest 0.1 mg. Then rinse the test specimen carefully with
Olefins none
Isopentane, max, % 20
three successive rinses of chloroform. Dry at room temperature
n-Pentane, min, % 80
and weigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Wipe the test specimen
Reid vapor pressure 117 kPa (17 psi)
(Test Method D 323), max vigorously in the longitudinal direction with a piece of labo-
ratory tissue to remove loose deposits.Weigh the test specimen
8. Sampling
to the nearest 0.1 mg.
8.1 The sample of test liquid shall be uncontaminated and
10.7.1 Test periods longer or shorter than 5 h may be used
represent
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.