ASTM D7215-08(2013)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
4.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.
4.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively non-volatile or non-flammable material.
4.4 In cases where Test Method D2887 data are available, that is, for determination of boiling range distribution or calculation of other physical properties, this test method provides a calculation method for flash point without performing an additional analysis. Table 1 shows the ranges for the IBP, 5%, and 10% results for each equation.
4.5 In the case where the flash point of a fuel has been initially established, the calculated flash point is useful as a flash point check on subsequent samples of that fuel, provided its source and mode of manufacture remain unchanged.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calculated flash point formula, which represents a means for directly estimating the flash point temperature of distillate fuels from Test Method D2887 data. The value computed from the equation is termed the “calculated flash point.” The calculated flash point formula is applicable to diesel fuel samples based on a correlation to Test Method D93 over the range from 47 to 99°C, and to jet fuel samples based on a correlation to Test Method D56 and Test Method D3828 over the range from 35 to 67°C.
1.2 The calculated flash point formula is valid for diesel and jet fuels with an IBP between 90 and 162°C (194 and 324°F), Test Method D2887 5% recovery temperature between 136 and 207°C (277 and 405°F), and Test Method D2887 10% recovery temperature between 142 and 222°C (288 and 432°F). For each flash point test method (Test Method D56, Test Method D93, and Test Method D3828) a separate equation has been established. See 4.4 for a detailed overview of the simulated distillation IBP, 5%, and 10% ranges per equation.
1.3 A calculated diagnostic parameter, not exceeding a given threshold value, is a prerequisite for acceptance of the calculated flash point.
1.4 The diagnostic parameter MSPEX (Mean Summed Prediction Error) checks the sample compliance, based on reconstruction of TIBP, T5%, and T10% of the sample, via a calculation procedure. A value for MSPEX not exceeding the threshold level of 1.9°C is a prerequisite for accepting the calculated flash point, CFP.Note 1—It is important to note that calculated flash point results, at this time, are not recognized by regulatory organizations in verifying conformance to applicable regulations.Note 2—The calculated flash point derived from simulated distillation data depends upon the accuracy of determination of the IBP temperature and the 5% and 10% recovery temperatures.Note 3—If the user's specification requires a defined flash point test method other than this test method, neither this test method nor any other test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D7215 − 08(Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis
of Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
test method should be substituted for the prescribed test method without
1. Scope
obtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.
1.1 This test method covers the calculated flash point
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
formula, which represents a means for directly estimating the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
flash point temperature of distillate fuels from Test Method
only.
D2887 data. The value computed from the equation is termed
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the “calculated flash point.” The calculated flash point formula
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
is applicable to diesel fuel samples based on a correlation to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Test Method D93 over the range from 47 to 99°C, and to jet
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fuel samples based on a correlation to Test Method D56 and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Test Method D3828 over the range from 35 to 67°C.
1.2 The calculated flash point formula is valid for diesel and
2. Referenced Documents
jet fuels with an IBP between 90 and 162°C (194 and 324°F),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
TestMethodD28875%recoverytemperaturebetween136and
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
207°C(277and405°F),andTestMethodD288710%recovery
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
temperaturebetween142and222°C(288and432°F).Foreach
Closed Cup Tester
flash point test method (Test Method D56, Test Method D93,
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
and Test Method D3828) a separate equation has been estab-
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
lished. See 4.4 for a detailed overview of the simulated
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
distillation IBP, 5%, and 10% ranges per equation.
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
1.3 A calculated diagnostic parameter, not exceeding a
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
given threshold value, is a prerequisite for acceptance of the
Cup Tester
calculated flash point.
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement
1.4 The diagnostic parameter MSPE (Mean Summed
X of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
Prediction Error) checks the sample compliance, based on
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
reconstruction of T ,T , and T of the sample, via a
IBP 5% 10%
calculation procedure. A value for MSPE not exceeding the
X 3. Terminology
threshold level of 1.9°C is a prerequisite for accepting the
3.1 Definitions:
calculated flash point, CFP.
3.1.1 diesel fuel, n—fuel for diesel engines, as described in
NOTE1—Itisimportanttonotethatcalculatedflashpointresults,atthis
Specification D975.
time, are not recognized by regulatory organizations in verifying confor-
mance to applicable regulations.
3.1.2 flash point, n—lowest temperature, corrected to a
NOTE 2—The calculated flash point derived from simulated distillation
pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), at which application of an
data depends upon the accuracy of determination of the IBP temperature
ignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sample
and the 5% and 10% recovery temperatures.
to ignite under specified conditions of test.
NOTE 3—If the user’s specification requires a defined flash point test
method other than this test method, neither this test method nor any other
3.1.3 jet fuel (kerosene type), n—aviation turbine fuel as
described in Specification D1655.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0K on Correlative Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7215 – 08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7215-08R13. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7215 − 08 (2013)
TABLE 1 Overview
IBP 5% 10%
Min temp Max temp Min temp Max temp Min temp Max temp
Test Method D93 Diesel 103°C (217°F) 163°C (326°F) 144°C (291°F) 210°C (410°F) 159°C (318°F) 236°C (457°F)
Test Method D56 Jet Fuel 101°C (213°F) 136°C (277°F) 135°C (275°F) 169°C (337°F) 141°C (285°F) 183°C (362°F)
Test Method D3828 Jet Fuel 101°C (213°F) 136°C (277°F) 135°C (275°F) 169°C (337°F) 141°C (285°F) 183°C (362°F)
3.1.4 simulated distillation, n— distillation, simulated by ˆ
T 523.71 2 0.124·T 10.455·T 10.694·T @°C# (3)
10% IBP 5% 10%
gas chromatography, to obtain a boiling range distribution.
5.3 Compute the sample compliance mean sum of predic-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion errors of the recovery temperatures, MSPE of the
X
3.2.1 calculated flash point (CFP), n—flash point calculated
specimen according to Eq 4:
using this test method from the IBP, 5%, and 10% recovery
MSPE
X
temperature obtained from simulated distillation according to
1 2 2 2
Test Method D2887.
ˆ ˆ ˆ
5 =@T 2 T # 1 T 2 T 1 T 2 T °C
@ # @ # @ #
IBP IBP 5% 5% 10% 10%
3.2.2 mean sum of prediction errors of variable X (MSPE ),
X
(4)
n—mean of summed prediction errors of the predictor
where T ,T , and T refer to the experimental sample
IBP 5% 10%
variables, that is, the recovery temperatures.
boiling point temperatures.
3.2.3 partial least squares (PLS) regression, n—extension
5.4 Compare MSPE to the critical value of 1.9°C. If
X
of the multiple linear regression model, specifying a linear
MSPE exceeds this critical value, then the sample is not
X
relationship between a dependent variable and a set of predic-
suitable for calculation of flash point according to this test
tor variables.
method. Do not proceed with this test method.
4. Significance and Use
6. Calculation
4.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the
6.1 Calculation of the CFP using the appropriate Eq 5-7:
tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture
6.1.1 For correlation to Test Method D56:
with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one
of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing CFP 5255.510.164·T 10.095·T 10.453·T °C (5)
@ #
D56 IBP 5% 10%
the overa
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