ASTM D1318-00(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
Standard Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Excessive amounts of sodium can indicate the presence of materials that cause high wear of burner pumps and valves, and contribute to deposits of boiler heating surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium in residual fuel oil by means of a flame photometer. Its precision in low ranges limits its application to samples containing more than 15 mg/kg sodium. Other elements commonly found in residual fuel oil do not interfere.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 8.2, and Note 3.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D1318–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1318; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sodium in 5.1 Flame Photometer, capable of isolating the sodium
residual fuel oil by means of a flame photometer. Its precision doublet at 589 nm and stable enough to give repeatable
in low ranges limits its application to samples containing more measurements that do not vary more than 5 % of their mean in
than 15 mg/kg sodium. Other elements commonly found in the 2 to 20 mg/kg range of sodium.
residual fuel oil do not interfere. 5.2 Platinum Dish, 100-mL capacity, approximately 35 mm
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the in depth.
standard. 5.3 Electric Muffle Furnace, capable of operating over a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the variable range from 200 to 600°C and of maintaining a
safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility temperature of 550 6 50°C.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
6. Reagents and Materials
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see 6.3,
6.5, 6.7, 8.2, and Note 3. used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
2. Referenced Documents
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
2 3
2.1 ASTM Standards: where such specifications are available. Other grades can be
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
Petroleum Products accuracy of the determination.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and 6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Petroleum Products to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
by Type II or III of Specification D1193.
3. Summary of Test Method
6.3 Hydrochloric Acid (sp gr 1.19)—Concentrated hydro-
3.1 A weighed sample is reduced to a carbonaceous ash chloric acid (HCl). (Warning—Poison. Causes severe burns.
undercontrolledconditions.Theresidualcarbonisremovedby
Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)
heating in a muffle furnace at 550°C. The ash is dissolved, 6.4 Hydrochloric Acid (1+9)—Mix 1 volume of HCl (sp gr
diluted to volume, and the sodium determined by means of a
1.19) with 9 volumes of water.
flame photometer. 6.5 Hydrofluoric Acid (48 %)—Concentrated hydrofluoric
acid (HF). (Warning—Poison. Causes severe burns. Harmful
4. Significance and Use
or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.)
4.1 Excessive amounts of sodium can indicate the presence
6.6 Sodium Solution, Standard (1000 mg Na/L)—Dissolve
of materials that cause high wear of burner pumps and valves,
3.088 60.005gofdriedsodiumsulfate(Na SO )inwaterand
2 4
and contribute to deposits of boiler heating surfaces.
dilute to 1 L in a volumetric flask. Store in a polyethylene
bottle.
6.7 Sulfuric Acid (1+1)—Carefully add, while stirring, 1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (H SO , sp gr 1.84) to 1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 2 4
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1954. Discontinued August 1992. Reinstated in 2000 as D1318 – 00.
Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1318 – 00. DOI: 10.1520/D1318- Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
00R05. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1318–00 (2005)
volume of water. (Warning—Poison. Causes severe burns. properly supported, and heat with a bunsen burner until the
Harmful or fatal if swallowed or inhaled.) contents ignite and burn readily (Note 3). Continue heating
with the burner in such a manner that the sample burns at a
7. Sampling
uniform and moderate rate and only ash and carbon remain
7.1 Sampling shall be done in accordance with Practices afterburningceases.Forsampleslargerthan75g,coolthedish
D4057 or Test Method D4177. and fill it approximately two-thirds full with additional well-
7.2 Use a clear, clean glass pint bottle, previously rinsed shaken sample, and burn as above.
twice with HCl (1+9) and once with water and allowed to dry,
NOTE 2—Handle the platinum dish only with platinum-tip tongs and do
for sampling the bulk material or plant streams. Obtain a
not touch it with the fingers during the test. Carefully dust the bottom of
representative sample but do not fill the bottle more than about
the dish with a clean camel-hair brush before each weighing.
two-thirds full. Warm viscous samples until they can be mixed
NOTE 3—If sample contains an appreciable amount of water, as
readily. Stir up any material that has settled out and shake the
indicated by spattering when heated, add a few millilitres of ethyl-alcohol
sample for 3 min just prior to weighing it out.
(95 %) (Warning—Flammable) or isopropyl alcohol (99 %) (Warning—
7.3 Optimumsamplesizeformostinstrumentsisthatwhich Flammable) before heating. Include the alcohol in the blank determina-
tion.
contains from 0.5 to 1.0 mg of sodium. Estimate the sample
size as follows (see Note 1):
9.1.2 Place the dish in a muffle furnace at no more than
Sample size, g 5 750/estimated sodium content, mg/kg (1)
200°C (Note 3). Slowly raise the temperature to 550 6 50°C.
Leave the muffle door slightly ajar until only a little carbon
NOTE 1—An estimate of the maximum amount of sodium in a sample
remains in the dish; then close the door and continue the
can be obtained from its ash value. For example, an ash of 0.01 % would
ignition until no carbon is visible.
undoubtedly have less than 0.005 % sodium (50 ppm). If there is no
estimate as to the probable sodium range in a sample, it is more expedient
NOTE 4—The platinum dishes should be placed on silica plates or silica
to weigh out a large amount, for example 60 g, because the test method
triangles on the floor of the muffle furnace. Particular care must be
provides for dilution of sample solutions that are more concentrated than
exercised to avoid contamination of the sample with particles from the
the
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