ASTM D7578-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, biofuels, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these methods require little to no method calibration; some others require only simple one step calibration; while others require elaborate calibration routine before the product is analyzed for its elemental content.
5.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier.
5.2.1 Another cause of such discrepancies could be different or inadequate calibration practice used in the laboratory. Most test methods spell out the calibration requirements but often do not quote the frequency required letting the laboratories use good laboratory practices for this task. Thus, uniform practice for instrument calibration would be beneficial in standardizing the test procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.
5.3 Committee D02 has already issued standard practices for uniform sample preparation (D7455), standard operating procedures for ICP-AES (D7260) and XRF (D7343) as well as standard quality assurance protocol (D6792). This guide should be considered as a continuing effort on behalf of this subcommittee to achieve standardized practices in all parts of an analytical sequence.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent results across different laboratories.
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, and additional instrument preparation that may be required.
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used.
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7578 − 20
Standard Guide for
Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of
1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and
lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is benefi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
results across different laboratories.
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary
ity)
mayrequirespecialprocedures.Seeindividualtestmethodsfor
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
instructions to handle such situations.
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understand-
Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
ingoftheactualtestmethodtobeused,caveatsitcontains,and
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
additional instrument preparation that may be required.
and Additives
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the
ing Oils
test methods being used.
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample prepa-
Additives
ration of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03.
Method)
Asmoreinformationbecomesavailable,itwillbeaddedtothis
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
standard.
Photometric Method)
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
(Withdrawn 1997)
standard.
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1839 Test Method forAmyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels (With-
3
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
drawn 2019)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D2784 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petro-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
leum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp) (Withdrawn
3
2016)
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7578 – 18. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7578-20. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7578 − 20
D3120 Test Method
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7578 − 18 D7578 − 20
Standard Guide for
Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of
1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricant
samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent results
across different laboratories.
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary may
require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, and
additional instrument preparation that may be required.
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods
being used.
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Work
is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
1 3
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil (Withdrawn 1997)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018May 1, 2020. Published June 2018June 2020. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20152018 as
D7578 – 15.D7578 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D7578-18.10.1520/D7578-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7578 − 20
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal
Conductivity Detection (TCD)
3
D1839 Test Method for Amyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels (Withdrawn 2019)
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
...
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