ASTM D5842-04(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of volatile motor fuels is regulated by federal and state air pollution control agencies. In order to meet the letter of these regulations, it is necessary to sample, handle, and test these products in a very precise manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for obtaining, mixing, and handling representative samples of volatile fuels for the purpose of testing for compliance with the standards set forth for volatility related measurements applicable to light fuels. The applicable dry vapor pressure equivalent range of this practice is 13 to 105 kPa (2 to 16 psia).
1.2 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, and handling of reformulated fuels including those containing oxygenates.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except in some cases where drawings may show inch-pound measurements which are customary for that equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5842 − 04(Reapproved 2009)
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 8.4
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5842; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 API Standards:
MPMS Chapter 8.1—Practice for Manual Sampling of Pe-
1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for
troleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
obtaining, mixing, and handling representative samples of
MPMS Chapter 8.2—Practice for Automatic Sampling of
volatile fuels for the purpose of testing for compliance with the
Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice
standards set forth for volatility related measurements appli-
D4177)
cable to light fuels. The applicable dry vapor pressure equiva-
MPMS Chapter 8.3—Practice for Mixing and Handling of
lent range of this practice is 13 to 105 kPa (2 to 16 psia).
Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.2 This practice is applicable to the sampling, mixing, and
(ASTM Practice D5854)
handling of reformulated fuels including those containing
oxygenates.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard except in some cases where drawings may show
3.1.1 bottom sample—a sample obtained from the material
inch-pound measurements which are customary for that equip-
at the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its lowest point.
ment.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In practice the term bottom sample has
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a variety of meanings. As a result, it is recommended that the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
exact sampling location (for example, 15 cm [6 in.] from the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bottom) should be specified when using this term.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 dead legs—sections of pipe that, by design, do not
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
allow for the flow of material through them.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Dead legs are not suitable for obtaining
2. Referenced Documents
representative samples.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.3 relief lines—sections of pipe that lead to a pressure/
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
vacuum relief valve.
Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Relief lines are not suitable for obtain-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
ing representative samples.
Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
3.1.4 stand pipes—vertical sections of pipe or tubing ex-
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chap-
tending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanks
ter 8.3)
that are equipped with external or internal floating roofs. Stand
pipes also may be found on ships and barges.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Stand pipes which are not slotted or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
perforated will not yield representative samples. Further infor-
Products and Lubricants and theAPI Committee on Petroleum Measurement, and is
mation on proper stand pipe design is given in 6.4.3.
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02.08 the jointASTM-API Commit-
tee on Sampling (API MPMS Chapter 8.0).
3.1.5 Other sample definitions are given in Practice D4057/
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
API MPMS Chapter 8.1.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5842–04. DOI:
10.1520/D5842-04R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5842 − 04 (2009)
4. Summary of Practice petroleum or petroleum products. The fluorinated bottles are
supplied with polypropylene screw caps.
4.1 It is necessary that the samples be representative of the
6.1.3 Sample size is dictated by the test method to be used.
fuel in question. The basic principle of each sampling proce-
One litre (32 oz) bottles or cans are generally used for manual
dure involves obtaining a sample in such a manner and from
vapor pressure testing. Some vapor pressure methods may
such locations in the tank or other container that the sample
allow a smaller sample size to be taken, such as in a 125 mL
will be representative of the fuel. A summary of the sampling
(4 oz) bottle. See Fig. 1.
procedures and their application is presented in Table 1. Each
6.1.4 All sample containers must be absolutely clean and
procedure is suitable for sampling a material under definite
free of foreign matter. Before reusing a container, wash it with
storage, transportation, or container conditions. The precau-
strong soap solution, rinse it thoroughly with tap water, and
tions required to ensure the representative character of the
finally with distilled water. Dry completely and stopper, or cap,
samples are numerous and depend upon the tank, carrier,
the container immediately.
container, or line from which the sample is being obtained, the
type and cleanliness of the sample container, and the sampling 6.2 Sampling Apparatus—Sampling apparatus is described
procedure that is to be used. indetailundereachofthespecificsamplingprocedures.Clean,
dry, and free all sampling apparatus from any substance that
5. Significance and Use
might contaminate the material. If necessary, use the clean
procedure described in 6.4.
5.1 The dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of volatile
motor fuels is regulated by federal and state air pollution
6.3 Time and Place of Sampling :
control agencies. In order to meet the letter of these
6.3.1 Storage Tanks—When loading or discharging fuels,
regulations, it is necessary to sample, handle, and test these
take samples from both shipping and receiving tanks, and from
products in a very precise manner.
the pipelines if required.
6.3.2 Ship or Barge Tanks—Sample each product after the
6. General Comments
vessel is loaded or just before unloading.
6.1 Sample Containers:
6.3.3 Tank Cars—Sample the product after the car is loaded
6.1.1 Sample containers are clear or brown glass bottles,
or just before unloading.
fluorinated high-density polyethylene bottles, or metal cans.
NOTE 1—Time, place, and other details of sampling not covered in this
The clear glass bottle is advantageous because it is easily
practice are normally determined by contractual agreement or regulatory
examined visually for cleanliness, and also makes visual
requirements.
inspection of the sample for free water or solid impurities
6.4 Obtaining Samples:
possible. The brown glass bottle affords some protection from
6.4.1 Directions for sampling cannot be made explicit
light. The only cans acceptable are those with the seams
enough to cover all cases. Extreme care and good judgment are
soldered on the exterior surface.
necessary to ensure samples that represent the general charac-
6.1.2 Cork stoppers, or screw caps of plastic or metal, are
ter and average condition of the material. Use lint-free wiping
used for glass bottles; screw caps with inserted seals only are
cloths to prevent contaminating samples.
used for cans to provide a vapor-tight closure seal. Corks must
6.4.2 Many petroleum vapors are toxic and flammable.
be of good quality, clean, and free from holes and loose bits of
Avoid breathing them or igniting them from an open flame or
cork.Neveruserubberstoppers.Contactofthesamplewiththe
a spark. Follow all safety precautions specific to the material
corkcanbepreventedbywrappingtinoraluminumfoilaround
being sampled.
the cork before forcing it into the bottle. Screw caps must be
6.4.3 Do not sample dead legs or relief lines. Do not sample
protected by a cork disk faced with tin or aluminum foil, an
stand pipes that are not slotted or perforated. Fig. 2 is an
inverted cone polyseal or other material that will not affect
exampleofanadequatelyslottedstandpipe.Ataminimum,the
stand pipe should have two rows of slots slightly staggered in
TABLE 1 Summary of Gasoline Sampling Procedures and
the vertical plane.
Applicability
6.4.4 Rinse or flush sample containers with product and
Type of Container Procedure Paragraph
allow it to drain before drawing the sample. If the sample is to
Storage tanks, ship and barge all-levels sampling 7.2.1.2
be transferred to another container (for testing other than
tanks, tank cars, tank trucks
DVPE), the sampling apparatus also is rinsed with some of the
running sample 7.2.1.2
product and drained. When the sample is emptied into this
upper, middle and lower 7.2.1.2
samples
container,upendthesamplingapparatusintotheopeningofthe
top sample 7.2.1.2
sample container.
grab sampling 7.5
Storage tanks with taps tap sampling 7.2.2
Pipes and lines line sampling 7.3
automatic sampling 7.4
time proportional 7.4.1
flow proportional 7.4.2
grab sampling 7.5
Retail outlet and wholesale nozzle sampling 7.6
purchaser-consumer facility
storage tanks
D5842 − 04 (2009)
FIG. 1 Nozzle Extension for Nozzle Sampling with 4 oz Bottle
screw the caps down tightly and check for leakage. Observe all
shipping regulations applying to the transportation of flam-
mable liquids.
6.7 Labeling Sample Containers—Label the container im-
mediately after a sample is obtained. Use waterproof and
oilproof ink or a pencil hard enough to dent the tag, since soft
pencil and ordinary ink markings are subject to obliteration
from moisture, product, smearing, and handling. Typical label
information includes the following information:
6.7.1 Date and time (the period elapsed during continuous
sampling),
6.7.2 Name of the sample (location),
FIG. 2 Slotted Stand Pipe
6.7.3 Name or number and owner of the vessel, car, or
container,
6.7.4 Brand and grade of material; and
6.7.5 Reference symbol or identification number.
6.5 Handling Samples:
6.7.6 Labeling should conform to all applicable federal,
6.5.1 Protect all samples of light fuels from evaporation.
state, and local labeling regulations.
The sampling apparatus is the sample container for vapor
pressure. Keep the container tightly closed after the sample is
7. Specific Sampling Procedures
collected. Leaking sample containers are not suitable for
testing. Cool volatile samples to 0 to 1°C (32 to 34°F) after 7.1 Sampling Procedures—The standard sampling proce-
delivery to the laboratory and before opening the container. dures described in this practice are summarized in Table 1.
Maintain at this temperature throughout transfer and handling, Alternative sampling procedures can be used if a mutually
if at all possible. satisfactory agreement has been reached by the party(ies)
6.5.2 Never completely fill a sample container. Fill the involved and such agreement has been put in writing and
container to 70 to 80 % capacity to allow adequate room for signed by authorized officials.
expansion. Subsequent testing for vapor pressure requires this
7.2 Tank Sampling:
level of container fill.
7.2.1 Bottle Sampling—The bottle sampling procedure is
6.5.3 The first sample aliquot removed is for vapor pressure
applicable for sampling fuels of 105 kPa (16 psia) Reid
testing. The remaining sample in the container is not suitable
equivalent vapor pressure or less in tank cars, tank trucks,
for a vapor pressure determination but is suitable for other
shore tanks, ship tanks, and barge tanks.
testing.
7.2.1.1 Apparatus—A suitable sampling bottle as shown in
6.6 Shipping Samples—To prevent loss of liquid and vapors Fig. 3 is required. Recommended diameter of the opening in
during shipment, place internal seals in the metal containers, the bottle or sample thief is 19 mm ( ⁄4 in.).
D5842 − 04 (2009)
upper sample middle of upper third of the tank contents
middle sample middle of the tank contents
lower sample middle of the lower third of the tank contents
At the selected level, pull out the stopper with a sharp jerk of
the cord or chain and allow the bottle to fill completely, as
evidenced by the cessation of air bubbles. When full, raise the
bottle, pour off a small amount (15 to 30 %), and stopper
immediately.
(d) Top Sample—Obtain this sample (Fig. 4) in the same
manner as specified for an upper sample but at 150 mm (6 in.)
below the top surface of the tank contents.
(e) Handling—Cap and label bottle samples immediately
after taking them, and deliver to the laboratory in the original
sampling bottles. Multiple samples must be tested individually
for vapor pressure.Acomposite sample is acceptable for other
analytical tests. Inverting the sample container can aid in leak
detection. The sample may be placed in ice immediately for
cooling, if practical.
FIG. 3 Assembly for Bottle Sampling
7.2.2 Tap Sampling—The tap sampling procedure is appli-
cable for sampling liquids of 105 kPa (16 psia) DVPE, or less,
in tanks that are equipped with suitable sampling taps or lines.
7.2.1.2 Procedure: (a) All-levels Sample—Lower the
This procedure is recommended for volatile stocks in tanks of
weighted,stopperedbottle(seeFig.3)asnearaspossibletothe
the breather and balloon roof type, spheroids, floating roof
draw-offlevel,pulloutthestopperwithasharpjerkofthecord
tanks, and so forth. The assembly for tap sampling is shown in
or chain and raise the bottle at a rate so that it is 70 to 85 % full
Fig. 5.
as it emerges from the liquid.
7.2.2.1 Apparatus:
(b) Running Sample—Lower the stoppered container (with
(a) Tank Taps—Equip the tank with at least three sampling
a hole or slot in the stopper) at a uniform rate as near as
taps placed equidistant throughout the tank height. A standard
possible to the level of the bottom of the outlet connection or
⁄4 in. pipe with a suitable valve is satisfactory. A sufficient
swing line and immediately raise the bottle to the top of the
number of sample taps are needed on the tank to make
fuel at a rate of speed such that it is 70 to 85 % full when
sampling possible at various levels.
withdrawn from the liquid.
(b) Tube—Useadeliverytubethatwillnotcontamin
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