ASTM C977-03(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesium lime, for use in stabilization of soils. Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall conform to the required chemical composition for calcium, magnesium oxides, carbon dioxide, and free moisture. The physical properties of hydrated lime, quicklime, and residue of quicklime shall not exceed the specified limits. Chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime shall be conducted. The particle size of hydrated lime shall be determined in accordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in the referenced standard test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
Note 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.
Note 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C977 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated
D6276 TestMethodforUsingpHtoEstimatetheSoil-Lime
lime,eitherhighcalcium,dolomitic,ormagnesianlime,foruse
Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization
in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may 3. Chemical Composition
render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-
3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used
bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay
in this specification, refer to Terminology C51.
particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-
3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall
bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by
conform to the following chemical composition:
chemical reaction.
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis, 90.0
lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these minimum %)
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0
materials could be better determined on a local basis.
Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.0
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Physical Properties
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained
and are not considered standard.
on a No. 30 (590-µm) sieve and not more than 25 % retained
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
on a No. 200 (75-µm) sieve.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Quicklime:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.1 Particle Size of Quicklime—Quicklime shall all pass a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-
ture rise of a minimum of 30°C in 20 min as measured by Test
2. Referenced Documents
Methods C110.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.3 Residue of Quicklime—Quicklime for soil stabiliza-
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
tionshallhavenotmorethan10 %residueasmeasuredbyTest
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
Methods C110.
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,
5. Field Applications
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixing
by the Industry)
of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have
been hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly
throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles present
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and
with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visible
Guidelines.
lime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published May 2010. Originally
tions to minimize environmental dusting.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C977 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/C0977-03R09.
5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.