ASTM C400-19

Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since all limes and waste acid solutions are different, this test method evaluates the relative quantity of a given lime needed for the neutralization of a specific quantity of acid.  
4.2 Liming materials have a specific basicity factor or measure of alkalinity which can be used for comparing their relative neutralizing power. It avoids dependence on chemical analysis and is determined as grams of calcium oxide equivalents per kilogram of liming material.  
4.3 Likewise, specific waste acids have an acid value that can be expressed as grams of hydrochloric acid equivalent per litre of acid waste. This value is related on a stoichiometric basis to lime neutralization requirements of a liquid acid waste.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions and includes the characterization of the liming material and of the acid waste.  
Note 1: When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a plant waste acid and in the preparation of the lime slurry; the pH, the time, temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to conform to plant practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as described in this method.
Note 2: Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the use of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichiometric end point.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.05 - Chemical Tests

Relations

• Refers: ASTM C50/C50M-13(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM C51-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM E70-07(2015) - Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Referred By: ASTM C1529-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Environmental Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C400 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste
1
Acid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and
by the Industry)
hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
and includes the characterization of the liming material and of
Sieves
the acid waste.
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
NOTE 1—When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser,
Glass Electrode
this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a
plantwasteacidandinthepreparationofthelimeslurry;thepH,thetime,
3. Terminology
temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to
conform to plant practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as
3.1 Definitions:
described in this method.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
NOTE 2—Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary
to Terminology C51.
substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the
use of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichio-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
metric end point.
3.2.1 neutralization coeffıcient—the number of parts of lime
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded required to neutralize one million parts by weight of sulfuric
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this acid solution (1.5 %) to a pH of 4.4 in 30 min (see Note 1).
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Since all limes and waste acid solutions are different,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
this test method evaluates the relative quantity of a given lime
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
needed for the neutralization of a specific quantity of acid.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 Liming materials have a specific basicity factor or
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
measure of alkalinity which can be used for comparing their
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
relative neutralizing power. It avoids dependence on chemical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
analysis and is determined as grams of calcium oxide equiva-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
lents per kilogram of liming material.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 4.3 Likewise, specific waste acids have an acid value that
can be expressed as grams of hydrochloric acid equivalent per
2. Referenced Documents
litre of acid waste. This value is related on a stoichiometric
2
basistolimeneutralizationrequirementsofaliquidacidwaste.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C50/C50M Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation,
5. Apparatus
5.1 pH Measuring Apparatus, conforming to the require-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on
ments of Section 5, Apparatus, and Section 6, Reagents and
Lime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.05 on
Materials, of Test Method E70.Atime-pH recording device or
Chemical Tests.
attachment is desirable but not required.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
ε1
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C400 – 98 (2013) .
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of reproducing results
DOI: 10.1520/C0400-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or within 0.005 g.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Stirrer, motorized, capable of rotating at speeds from
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 120 to 600 r/min.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C400 − 19
5.4 Sieves—300-µm (No. 50) and 150-µm (No. 100) s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C400 − 98 (Reapproved 2013) C400 − 19
Standard Test Methods for
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste
1
Acid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Corrected erroneous references in 7.4.2.1 and 7.4.3.1 in December 2017.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions and
includes the characterization of the liming material and of the acid waste.
NOTE 1—When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a plant waste
acid and in the preparation of the lime slurry; the pH, the time, temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to conform to plant
practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as described in this method.
NOTE 2—Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the use
of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichiometric end point.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C50C50/C50M Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C51.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 neutralization coeffıcient—the number of parts of lime required to neutralize one million parts by weight of sulfuric acid
solution (1.5 %) to a pH of 4.4 in 30 min (see Note 1).
3.1.2 pH—a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a sample and representing the logarithm of the reciprocal (negative
logarithm) of the activity of hydrogen ions, calculated as follows:
1
1
pH 5 log 52log H
~ !
1
H
~ !
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and Limestone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.05 on Chemical
Tests.
Current edition approved July 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2019. Published August 2013December 2019. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
ε1
C400 – 98 (2006).(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/C0400-98R13E01.10.1520/C0400-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C400 − 19
where:
+
H = activity of hydrogen ions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Since all limes and waste acid solutions are different, this test method evaluates the relative quantity of a given lime needed
for the neutralization of a specific quantity of acid.
4.2 Liming materials have a specific basicity factor or measure of alkalinity which can be used for comparing their relative
neutralizing power. It avoids dependence on chemical analysis and is determined as grams of calcium oxide equivalents per
kilogram of liming material.
4.3 Likewise, specific waste acids have an acid value that can be expressed as grams of hydrochl
...