ASTM D7136/D7136M-15

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane impact forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Drop-weight impact testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated drop-weight impact force or energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions, and through-thickness locations, F1, Fmax, E1 and Emax, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, mass, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between impact force/energy and the resultant damage state can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage resistance characteristics of an unstiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a pa...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a drop-weight impact event. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2.  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, rectangular composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated impact using a drop-weight device with a hemispherical impactor. The potential energy of the drop-weight, as defined by the mass and drop height of the impactor, is specified prior to test. Equipment and procedures are provided for optional measurement of contact force and velocity during the impact event. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of the resulting size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. When the impacted plate is tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M, the overall test sequence is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact (CAI) method. Quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, impactor geometry, impactor mass, impact force, impact energy, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unit...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Mar-2015
• ICS: 83.120 - Reinforced plastics
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.05 - Structural Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7136/D7136M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced
1
Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7136/D7136M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
subjected to a drop-weight impact event. The composite
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced poly-
with the standard.
mer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2.
brackets.
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to deter-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 A flat, rectangular composite plate is subjected to an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
out-of-plane, concentrated impact using a drop-weight device
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with a hemispherical impactor. The potential energy of the
drop-weight, as defined by the mass and drop height of the
2. Referenced Documents
impactor, is specified prior to test. Equipment and procedures
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
are provided for optional measurement of contact force and
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
velocity during the impact event. The damage resistance is
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
quantified in terms of the resulting size and type of damage in
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
the specimen.
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for
Materials
damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of
subsequent damage tolerance testing. When the impacted plate
Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
is tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M, the
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
overall test sequence is commonly referred to as the Compres-
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
sion After Impact (CAI) method. Quasi-static indentation per
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
Test Method D6264/D6264M may be used as an alternate
Composite Materials
method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
measuring damage resistance properties.
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test
tion
method are highly dependent upon several factors, which
D6264/D6264M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
include specimen geometry, layup, impactor geometry, impac-
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Com-
tor mass, impact force, impact energy, and boundary condi-
posite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
tions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other
D7137/D7137M Test Method for Compressive Residual
configurations, and are particular to the combination of geo-
StrengthPropertiesofDamagedPolymerMatrixCompos-
metric and physical conditions tested.
ite Plates
D7766/D7766M Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
2
Structural Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 15, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7136/D7136M - 12. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7136_D7136M-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7136/D7136M − 12 D7136/D7136M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced
1
Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7136/D7136M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected
to a drop-weight impact event. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix
composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2.
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are
provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.
1.2 A flat, rectangular composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated impact using a drop-weight device with a
hemispherical impactor. The potential energy of the drop-weight, as defined by the mass and drop height of the impactor, is
specified prior to test. Equipment and procedures are provided for optional measurement of contact force and velocity during the
impact event. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of the resulting size and type of damage in the specimen.
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent
damage tolerance testing. When the impacted plate is tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M, the overall test
sequence is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact (CAI) method. Quasi-static indentation per Test Method
D6264/D6264M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage
resistance properties.
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include
specimen geometry, layup, impactor geometry, impactor mass, impact force, impact energy, and boundary conditions. Thus, results
are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3771D3171 Specification for Rubber Seals Used in Concentrating Solar CollectorsTest Methods for Constituent Content of
Composite Materials
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on Structural Test
Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012March 15, 2015. Published May 2012March 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D7136/D7136M - 07.D7136/D7136M - 12. DOI: 10.1520/D7136_D7136M-12.10.1520/D7136_D7136M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D7136/D7136M − 15
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
...