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ASTM D2493-95a

(Guide)

Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts

Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts

SCOPE
1.1 The viscosity-temperature chart covered by this standard is a convenient means of plotting data for estimating the viscosity of asphalts at any temperature within a limited range. Conversely, the chart may be used to ascertain the temperature at which a desired viscosity is attained.
1.2 The chart is suitable for original asphalt cements and for asphalts recovered from laboratory aging tests or extracted from pavements.
1.3 The chart is based on a viscosity-temperature relationship that can be plotted using any appropriate set of units. For convenience, charts based on both conventional and SI units are provided.
1.4 The range of the chart is sufficient for roofing asphalts.
1.5 The range of the chart is sufficient for liquid asphalts (bitumens) whose viscosity exceeds 0.1 poise (10 centipoise).

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2001
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.44 - Rheological Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D2493-01 - Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts
Effective Date
10-Dec-2001

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ASTM D2493-95a - Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for AsphaltsASTM D2493-95a - Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts
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ASTM D2493-95a - Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2493 – 95a
Standard
Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope logarithm of the viscosity in centipoise as the ordinate, and
logarithm of the temperature in Degrees Rankine (degrees F
1.1 The viscosity-temperature chart covered by this stan-
+ 459.7) as the abscissa. However, the viscosity in poise and
dard is a convenient means of plotting data for estimating the
the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit is shown in the chart for
viscosity of asphalts at any temperature within a limited range.
convenience.
Conversely, the chart may be used to ascertain the temperature
−1 24
4.1.1 The range of the chart is 10 to 10 poise and 0 to
at which a desired viscosity is attained.
400°F, as shown in Fig. 1. Its size is 16 by 17 in. (406 by 432
1.2 The chart is suitable for original asphalt cements and for
mm).
asphalts recovered from laboratory aging tests or extracted
4.2 For Fig. 2 the chart coordinates are logarithm of the
from pavements.
logarithm of the viscosity in mPa.s as the ordinate, and
1.3 The range of the chart is sufficient for roofing asphalts.
logarithm of the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin
1.4 The range of the chart is sufficient for liquid asphalts
(degrees C + 273.2) as the abscissa. However, viscosity in
(bitumens) whose viscosity exceeds 0.1 poise (10 centipoise).
Pascal-seconds, and the temperature in degrees Celsius is
2. Referenced Documents shown in the chart for convenience.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
~1 Pa.s 5 mPa.s 3 10 ! (1)
D 341 Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
−2 23
4.2.1 The range of the chart is 10 to 10 Pa.s and − 20 to
Products
200°C, as shown in Fig. 2.
D 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
4.3 The temperature range of the charts may be extended to
(Bitumens)
lower temperatures by renumbering the temperature scale of a
D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
second chart, according to Table 1, discarding the portion
Capillary Viscometer
above 230°F (110°C), and placing the 230°F (110°C) axis
D 3205 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalt with Cone and
along the 0°F (-17.8°C) axis of an original chart.
Plate Viscometer
D 4957 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt
5. Procedure
Emulsion Residues and Non-Newtonian Bitumens by
5.1 For temperatures above 140°F (60°C) plot two
Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
viscosity-temperature points and carefully draw a straight line
through the points. Plot at least three viscosity-temperature
3. Significance and Use
points if the included temperature range is below 140°F.
3.1 The viscosity-temperature chart is a convenient means
Carefully draw a straight line or curve through the points. A
of plotting the viscosity data for estimating the viscosity of
point on this line, within the temperature range of the points
asphalts, recovered asphalts, and roofing asphalts at any
plotted, shows the viscosity at the corresponding desired
temperature within a limited range. It is also a convenient
temperature.
means to estimate the temperature at which a desired viscosity
5.2 Some asphalts have viscosity-temperature relationships
is attained.
too complex to be represented by only three points, as shown
3.2 Kinematic viscosity-temperature charts are described in
in Fig. 1. In this case determine the viscosity at sufficient
Charts D 341.
temperatures to produce a curve adequate for the purpose
intended.
4. Description
5.3 If the viscosities are not known they should be deter-
4.1 For Fig. 1 the chart coordinates are logarithm of the
mined in accordance with Test Methods D 2170, D 2171,
D 3205, and D 4957. Viscosities determined at temperatures
This chart is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and
other than the temperatures specified in each of these test
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 on
Rheological Tests.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as D2493 – 66 T. Last previous edition D2493 – 95. The chart is available at a nominal charge. Contact ASTM Headquarters at 100
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohosken, PA 19428. Request Adjunct No.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. ADJD2493.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2493
FIG. 1 Facsimile of Viscosity-Temperature Chart on Which a Typical Experimental Curve Has Been Plotted
methods may be used. 6. Keywords
5.4 Viscosities determined by extrapolation of data may be
6.1 asphalt; rheology; viscosity; viscosity-temperature chart
unreliable.
5.5 The viscosity values represented by the data points may
have been obtained at different shear rates. This chart does not
reflect the shear rate at which the viscosities were determined.
D 2493
FIG. 2 Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts on Which a Typical Experimental Curve has Been Plotted
TABLE 1 Low-Temperature Substitutes
NOTE 1—Standards for determining the viscosity of asphalts at very
low temperatures have not been developed. The significance of extrapo-
lated viscosities at very low temperatures is not known.
Column A Column B
Temperature Printed on Chart, °F (°C) Low-Temperature Substitute, °F (°C)
+ 170 (76.7) −40 (−40)
+ 185 (84.9) −30 (−34.4)
+ 200 (93.3) −20 (−28.9)
+ 215 (102.8) −10 (−23.3)
+ 230 (110.0) 0 (−17.8)
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. SUGGESTIONS FOR DATA ANALYSIS
X1.1 The chart in Fig. 1 includes the region where the rate, or the same shear stress. Constant shearing conditions also
viscosity of asphalts depends not only on the temperature, but implies the use of the same viscometer, or viscometers of the
also on the shearing conditions. Therefore, the data plotted on same type and size, to avoid differences in viscosity values
...

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Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Asphalt Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)

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5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials by weighing in air and in water.
Note 1: An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials is Test Method D70/D70M. For materials which are too fluid for use of this method, use Test Method D3142/D3142M.  
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