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ASTM F34-02

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials

Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the construction of test cells which may be used for the extraction of components from flexible barrier materials by suitable extracting liquids, including foods and food simulating solvents.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2002
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.15 - Chemical/Safety Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F34-98 - Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials
Effective Date
10-Jul-2002
Replaced By
ASTM F34-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007

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ASTM F34-02 - Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier MaterialsASTM F34-02 - Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials
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ASTM F34-02 - Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F34–02
Standard Practice for
Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible
1
Barrier Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF 34;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope described in this practice may be used for obtaining such data.
Another test cell has been found equivalent to the one
1.1 This practice covers the construction of test cells which
described in this practice. See the appendix for the source of
may be used for the extraction of components from flexible
the alternate cell.
barrier materials by suitable extracting liquids, including foods
and food simulating solvents.
5. Reagents and Materials
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
2. Referenced Documents used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
2
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
accuracy of the determination.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.2 Purity of Water— Unless otherwise indicated, refer-
2.2 AOAC International Methods of Analysis:
3
ences to water shall be understood to mean referee reagent
Extractives from Flexible Barrier Materials
grade corresponding to Specification D 1193.
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
4
5.3 n-Heptane, boiling point specified as 208°F (97°C),
Title 21, Sections 176.170
freshly distilled.
3. Terminology
6. Procedure
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1 Construction of Test Cell (Fig. 1, Fig. 2)—Assemble as
3.1.1 flexible— for purpose of this practice, a term applying
follows:
onlytothoseflexiblematerialswhichcanbeinsertedinthetest
3 1
6.1.1 Two 8 by 11 ⁄8 by ⁄8-in. (203 by 289 by 3.2-mm) No.
cell without affecting their barrier properties.
316 stainless steel plates, degreased.
1 1
4. Significance and Use
6.1.2 One ⁄4 by 1 ⁄2-in. (6.4 by 38-mm) U-shaped virgin
TFE-fluorocarbon gasket, grooved on both sides as shown.
4.1 Knowledge of extractives from flexible barrier materials
1
6.1.3 Twelve ⁄4 by 1-in. (6.4 by 25.4-mm) stainless steel
may serve many useful purposes. A test cell constructed as
bolts with wing nuts.
1
6.1.4 One ⁄4 by 1 by 8-in. (6.4 by 25.4 by 203-mm)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
TFE-fluorocarbon gasket plug tapered to provide a tight fit.
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.15 on
1 3
6.1.5 Six ⁄8 by ⁄8 by 3-in. (6.4 by 9.5 by 76-mm) plates.
Chemical/Safety Properties.
Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
6.2 Pre-Use Conditioning of Test Cell:
published as F 34 – 63 T. Last previous edition F 34 – 98.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
the ASTM website. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
3
This method is available through the Association of Official Analytical listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemists, International, 481 North Frederick Ave., Suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
20877–2417. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
4
Available from U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F34–02
SI Equivalents
in. mm in. mm in. mm
1 5 1
⁄16 1.6 ⁄8 15.9 2 ⁄4 57
1 3
⁄8 3.2 ⁄4 19 3 76
1
⁄4 6.4 1 25.4 8 203
9 1 3
⁄32 71 ⁄2 38 11 ⁄8 289
3
⁄8 9.5
FIG. 1 Test Cell Assembly
6.2.1 Wash stainless steel plates and TFE-fluorocarbon gas- sides. If desired, place a second prepunched specimen (side to
kets in aqueous surfactant solution. Rinse with reagent water contac
...

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5.2 Conditions D and E are typically used for determining the effect of flexing on barrier properties and transmission rates related to gas and/or moisture.  
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1.1 This practice covers conditioning of flexible barrier materials for the determination of flex resistance. Subsequent testing can be performed to determine the effects of flexing on material properties. These tests are beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the strength of seals in flexible barrier materials.  
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1.3 Seals tested in accordance with this test method may be from any source, laboratory or commercial.  
1.4 This test method measures the force required to separate a test strip of material containing the seal. It also identifies the mode of specimen failure.  
1.5 This test method differs from Test Method F2824. Test Method F2824 measures mechanical seal strength while separating an entire lid (cover/membrane) from a rigid or semi-rigid round container.  
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Standard Practice for Construction of Test Cell for Liquid Extraction of Flexible Barrier Materials

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5.1 Knowledge of extractives from flexible barrier materials may serve many useful purposes. A test cell constructed as described in this practice may be used for obtaining such data. Another test cell has been found equivalent to the one described in this practice. See the appendix for the source of the alternate cell.  
5.2 United States Federal Regulations 21CFR 176.170 (d)(3), 21CFR 177.1330 (e)(4), 21CFR 177.1360 (b), 21CFR 177.1670 (b), and 21CFR Appendix VI (b) cite this standard practice as the basis for determining the amount of extractables from the surface of a package or multilayer film or modified paper in contact with food. In some cases, it is the only practice defined for this purpose. No alternative detail is given in the regulations for conducting extractions.  
5.3 Test Method D4754 is not an equivalent to this test method. It is for two-sided extraction of films having the same material on both of the exposed surfaces of the film.
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5.1 This test method is intended to measure volatile organic compounds that are emitted from packaging materials under high-temperature conditions.  
5.2 This test method may be useful in assisting in the development and manufacture of packaging materials having minimal retained packaging ink/adhesive solvents.  
5.3 Modification of this procedure by utilizing appropriate qualitative GC detection devices such as a mass spectrometer in place of the flame ionization detector may provide identification of volatile organics of unknown identity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the amount of residual solvents released from within a packaging material contained in a sealed vial under a given set of time and temperature conditions and is a recommended alternative for Test Method F151.  
1.2 This test method covers a procedure for quantitating volatile compounds whose identity has been established and which are retained in packaging materials.  
1.3 The analyst should determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of the method by carrying out appropriate studies on the solvents of interest. The analyst is referred to Practice E260 for guidance.  
1.4 For purposes of verifying the identity of or identifying unknown volatile compounds the analyst is encouraged to incorporate techniques such as gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography/infrared spectroscopy or other suitable techniques in conjunction with this test method.  
1.5 Sensitivity of this test method in the determination of the concentration of a given retained solvent must be determined on a case by case basis due to the variation in the substrate/solvent interaction between different types of samples.  
1.6 This test method does not address the determination of total retained solvents in a packaging material. Techniques such as multiple headspace extraction can be employed to this end. The analyst is referred to the manual supplied with the GC-Autosampling system for guidance.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The vacuum, bubble test method, as described in Test Method D3078, and various other leak detection methods described elsewhere (Test Method D4991, Guide E432, Test Method E493, Test Method E498, Test Method E499, and Test Method E1603) have been successfully used widely in various industries and applications to determine that a given package is or is not a “leaker.” The sensitivity of any selected leak test method has to be considered to determine its applicability to a specific situation.  
5.2 The procedures presented in this test method allow the user to carry out package and seal integrity testing with sufficient sensitivity to quantify seals in the previously defined moderate to fine seal ranges.  
5.3 By employing seal-isolating leak testing fixtures, packages constructed of various materials can be tested in the full range of seal performance requirements. Design of these fixtures is beyond the scope of this method.  
5.4 These seal/package integrity test procedures can be utilized as:  
5.4.1 A design tool,  
5.4.2 For tooling qualification,  
5.4.3 Process setup,  
5.4.4 Process validation tool,  
5.4.5 Quality assurance monitoring, or  
5.4.6 Research and development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method includes several procedures that can be used for the measurement of overall package and seal barrier performance of a variety of package types and package forms, as well as seal/closure types. The basic elements of this method include:  
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1.1.3 Package/product-specific test fixtures.  
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1.2 Two procedures are described; however the supporting data in Section 14 only reflects Procedure B (Vacuum Mode). The alternative, Sniffer Mode, has proven to be a valuable procedure for many applications, but may have more variability due to exactly the manner that the operator conducts the test such as whether the package is squeezed, effect of multiple small leaks compared to fewer large leaks, background helium concentration, package permeability and speed at which the scan is conducted. Further testing to quantify this procedure’s variability is anticipated, but not included in this version.  
1.2.1 Procedure A: Sniffer Mode—the package is scanned externally for helium escaping into the atmosphere or fixture.  
1.2.2 Procedure B: Vacuum Mode—the helium containing package is placed in a closed fixture. After drawing a vacuum, helium escaping into the closed fixture (capture volume) is detected. Typically, the fixtures are custom made for the specific package under test.  
1.3 The sensitivity of the method can range from the detection of:  
1.3.1 Large leaks—10-2 Pa·m 3/s to 10-5 Pa·m3/s (10–1 cc/sec/atm to 10-4 cc/sec/atm).  
1.3.2 Moderate leaks—10-5 Pa·m 3/s to 10-7 Pa·m3/s (10-4 cc/sec/atm to 10-6 cc/sec/atm).  
1.3.3 Fine leaks—10-7 Pa·m 3/s to 10-9 Pa·m3/s (10-6 cc/sec/atm to 10-8 cc/sec/atm).  
1.3.4 Ultra-Fine leak—10-9 Pa·m 3/s to 10-11 Pa·m3/s (10-8 cc/sec/atm to 10-10 cc/sec/atm).
Note 1: Conversion from cc/sec/atm to Pa·m3/s is achieved by multiplying by 0.1.  
1.4 The terms large, moderate, fine and ultra-fine are relative terms only and do not imply the acceptability of any leak rate. The individual application dictates the level of integrity needed. For many packaging applications, only “large leaks” are considered unacceptable and the ability to detect smaller leaks is immaterial. All leak rates referred...

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