ASTM D3654/D3654M-06(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Shear Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
Standard Test Methods for Shear Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Procedure A measures the ability of a pressure-sensitive tape to adhere to a standard steel panel under constant stress. This may or may not relate to the ability of the tape to adhere to other surfaces.
Procedures B, C, and D may be used to determine the shear adhesion of the tapes generally used to close fiberboard boxes in packaging applications.
Procedure D measures the shear adhesion of a pressure-sensitive tape to a nonstandard fiberboard, liner board, corrugated board, or other surfaces which is agreed upon for testing. This may be used to compare the shear adhesion of a tape to a particular fiberboard surface or to compare the shear adhesion of a tape to a variety of fiberboard surfaces.
The surfaces of similar fiberboards may exhibit considerable variation between mills, between batches from one mill, and within batches. Take care in the choice of samples and when comparing results between fiberboard surfaces which may not be exactly the same.
The precision of tests conducted on nonstandard surfaces may be different than that described in Section 13.
Procedures E, F, and G may be used to determine the ability of a filament reinforced tape to hold when placed under constant stress.
Procedure H may be used to compare the shear adhesion of tape applied to a standard steel surface and tested at an elevated temperature. The use of an elevated temperature during test tends to reduce the duration of the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the ability of pressure-sensitive tapes and labels to remain adhered under constant load applied parallel to the surface of the tape and substrate.
1.1.1 Procedure A measures the shear adhesion when applied to a vertical standard steel panel.
1.1.2 Procedure B measures the shear adhesion when applied to vertical panel covered with NIST SRM 1810A standard fiberboard.
1.1.3 Procedure C measures the shear adhesion when applied to a vertical panel covered with a fiberboard as defined by Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN).
1.1.4 Procedure D measures shear adhesion when applied to a vertical panel covered with a fiberboard agreed upon by the buyer and seller.
1.1.5 Procedure E measures shear adhesion of filament reinforced tape when applied to a horizontal standard steel panel.
1.1.6 Procedure F measures shear adhesion of a filament reinforced tape when applied to a horizontal panel covered with NIST SRM 1810A standard fiberboard.
1.1.7 Procedure G measures the shear adhesion of a filament reinforced tape when applied to a horizontal panel covered with a standard fiberboard defined by CEN.
1.1.8 Procedure H measures the shear adhesion the same as Procedure A except the test is conducted at an elevated temperature and after a 10-min dwell time at the elevated temperature.
1.2 These procedures provide a means of assessing the uniformity of the adhesive of a given type of pressure-sensitive tape, usually tapes used for packaging applications. The assessment may be within a roll of tape, between rolls or production lots.
1.2.1 Variations in the tape backing and adhesive affect the response; therefore, these procedures cannot be used to pinpoint the specific cause(s) of nonuniformity.
1.2.2 This test method is intended to replace AFERA 4012, CEN 1943, and PSTC (see 7.2).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems will result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D3654/D3654M − 06 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Methods for
Shear Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3654/D3654M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.2.1 Variations in the tape backing and adhesive affect the
response; therefore, these procedures cannot be used to pin-
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the
point the specific cause(s) of nonuniformity.
ability of pressure-sensitive tapes and labels to remain adhered
1.2.2 This test method is intended to replace AFERA 4012,
under constant load applied parallel to the surface of the tape
CEN 1943, and PSTC (see 7.2).
and substrate.
1.1.1 Procedure A measures the shear adhesion when ap-
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
plied to a vertical standard steel panel.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.1.2 Procedure B measures the shear adhesion when ap-
each system are not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
plied to vertical panel covered with NIST SRM 1810A
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
standard fiberboard.
values from the two systems will result in non-conformance
1.1.3 Procedure C measures the shear adhesion when ap-
with the standard.
pliedtoaverticalpanelcoveredwithafiberboardasdefinedby
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1.4 Procedure D measures shear adhesion when applied to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a vertical panel covered with a fiberboard agreed upon by the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
buyer and seller.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1.5 Procedure E measures shear adhesion of filament
reinforced tape when applied to a horizontal standard steel
2. Referenced Documents
panel.
1.1.6 Procedure F measures shear adhesion of a filament
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reinforced tape when applied to a horizontal panel covered
A666 Specification forAnnealed or Cold-WorkedAustenitic
with NIST SRM 1810A standard fiberboard.
Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
1.1.7 ProcedureGmeasurestheshearadhesionofafilament D3715/D3715M Practice for QualityAssurance of Pressure-
reinforced tape when applied to a horizontal panel covered
Sensitive Tapes
with a standard fiberboard defined by CEN. D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
1.1.8 Procedure H measures the shear adhesion the same as Packaging Components for Testing
Procedure A except the test is conducted at an elevated D5750/D5750M Guide for Width and Length of Pressure-
temperature and after a 10-min dwell time at the elevated Sensitive Tape
temperature. E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.2 These procedures provide a means of assessing the
Lot or Process
uniformity of the adhesive of a given type of pressure-sensitive
tape, usually tapes used for packaging applications. The 2.2 AFERA Standard:
assessment may be within a roll of tape, between rolls or AFERA 4012 Self-Adhesive Tapes—Measurement of Static
production lots. Shear Adhesion
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Labels. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3654/D3654M – 06. AFERA (Association des Fabricants Europeen de Rubans Auto-Adhesifs),
DOI: 10.1520/D3654_D3654M-06R11. LAM, laan Copes van Cattenburch 79, NL–2858 EW., the Hague, the Netherlands.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3654/D3654M − 06 (2011)
2.3 CEN Standard: 3.8 ProcedureH—This procedure is conducted as described
EN 1943 Self-Adhesive Tapes—Measurement of Static in Procedure A except the test is conducted at an elevated
Shear Adhesion temperature after a 10-min dwell time at the elevated tempera-
ture.
2.4 PSTC Standard:
3.9 For Procedures A, B, C, D, and H the preferred
PSTC-7 Holding Power of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
specimen size is 12 by 12 mm [0.5 by 0.5 in.].Aspecimen size
of 24 by 24 mm [1 by 1 in.] may be specified.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.10 For Procedures E, F and G the specimen width shall be
3.1 Procedure A, Shear Adhesion to Standard Steel
12 mm [0.5 in.]. For testing reinforced filament by Procedure
Panel—Astripoftapeisappliedtoastandardsteelpanelunder
H, the width shall be 12 mm [0.5 in.].
controlled roll down. The panel is mounted vertically, a
standard mass is attached to the free end of the tape and the
4. Significance and Use
time to failure is determined.
4.1 ProcedureAmeasures the ability of a pressure-sensitive
3.2 Procedure B, Shear Adhesion to a Standard (NIST)
tape to adhere to a standard steel panel under constant stress.
Fiberboard—Astrip of tape is applied to a panel covered with
This may or may not relate to the ability of the tape to adhere
NIST SRM 1810A fiberboard under controlled roll down. The
to other surfaces.
panel is mounted vertically, a standard mass is attached to the
4.2 Procedures B, C, and D may be used to determine the
free end of the tape and the time to failure determined.
shear adhesion of the tapes generally used to close fiberboard
3.3 Procedure C, Shear Adhesion to a Standard CEN
boxes in packaging applications.
Fiberboard—Astrip of tape is applied to a panel covered with
4.3 Procedure D measures the shear adhesion of a pressure-
the CEN standard fiberboard under controlled roll down. The
sensitive tape to a nonstandard fiberboard, liner board, corru-
panel is mounted vertically, a standard mass is attached to the
gated board, or other surfaces which is agreed upon for testing.
free end of the tape and the time to failure is determined.
This may be used to compare the shear adhesion of a tape to a
particular fiberboard surface or to compare the shear adhesion
3.4 Procedure D, Shear Adhesion to a Fiberboard with
Controlled Roll Down—The panel is mounted vertically, a of a tape to a variety of fiberboard surfaces.
4.3.1 The surfaces of similar fiberboards may exhibit con-
standard mass is attached to the free end of the tape and the
time to failure is determined. siderable variation between mills, between batches from one
mill, and within batches. Take care in the choice of samples
3.5 Procedure E, Shear Adhesion to a Standard Steel
andwhencomparingresultsbetweenfiberboardsurfaceswhich
Panel—A strip of filament reinforced tape is applied to a
may not be exactly the same.
standard steel panel with a 120° bend at one end with
4.3.2 The precision of tests conducted on nonstandard
controlled roll down. The panel is mounted horizontally, tape
surfaces may be different than that described in Section 13.
side up, with the free end of the tape allowed to hang vertically
4.4 Procedures E, F, and G may be used to determine the
over the rounded end. A standard mass is attached to the free
ability of a filament reinforced tape to hold when placed under
end of the tape and allowed to act for the specified time.
constant stress.
3.6 Procedure F, Shear Adhesion of Filament Reinforced
4.5 ProcedureHmaybeusedtocomparetheshearadhesion
Tape to a Standard (NIST) Fiberboard—A strip of filament
of tape applied to a standard steel surface and tested at an
reinforced tape is applied to a panel with a 120° bend, covered
elevated temperature. The use of an elevated temperature
with NIST SRM 1810A standard fiberboard under controlled
during test tends to reduce the duration of the test.
roll down. The panel is mounted horizontally, tape side up,
withthefreeendofthetapeallowedtohangverticallyoverthe
5. Apparatus
round end of the panel.Astandard mass is attached to the free
5,6,7
5.1 Specimen Cutter —The specimen cutter shall hold
end of the tape and allowed to act for a specified time.
two single-edge razor blades in parallel planes, a precise
3.7 Procedure G, Shear Adhesion of a Filament Reinforced
distance apart, to form a cutter of exact specimen width. Two
Tape to a CEN Standard Fiberboard—A strip of filament
cutters, 12 mm [0.5 in.] and 24 mm [1 in.] cutting width, shall
reinforced tape is applied to a panel covered with CEN
be available or appropriate alternates, which will not cause
standard fiberboard under controlled roll down. The panel is
edge damage.
mountedhorizontally,tapesideup,withthefreeendofthetape
allowed to hang vertically over the round end of the panel. A
These widths correspond to the primary metric (SI) units described in Guide
standard mass is attached to the free end of the tape and
D5750/D5750M. These so-called “modular metric” units generally are used
allowed to act for the specified time.
throughout the world. If it is desirable to test slightly different widths (for example,
25 of 50 mm) of specimens per 8.4, this should be noted per 12.1.6 and calculations
per 11.1 must account for the difference.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
EN (European Norm), available from COMITE Europeen de Normalisation, is Chemsultants International, 9349 Hamilton Drive, Mentor, OH 44061–1118. If
CEN Rue de Stassart, 36, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium. you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
AvailablefromPSTC(PressureSensitiveTapeCouncil),400N.MichiganAve., International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
No. 2200, Chicago, IL 60611–4267. meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D3654/D3654M − 06 (2011)
NOTE 1—The 12-mm [0.5-in.] cutter shall consist of a 12-mm [0.5-in.]
5.5.4.2 Procedures E, F, and G—The test mass shall be 4.5
thick by 200-mm [8-in.] length of aluminum bar stock 12-mm [0.5-in.]
6 0.2 kg [10 6 0.5 lb] or other mass as specified. The mass of
wide. The edges for about 125 mm [5 in.] from one end shall be rounded
the clamp or hook as described in 5.5.3 shall be included in the
slightly to form a handle. The width of the bar for 75 mm [3 in.] shall be
total mass.
narrowed to exactly 12 mm [0.5 in.] minus the thickness of a single–edge
razor (one of two used as cutting edges). The razor shall be held in 5.5.5 Timing Systems:
position using side plates. The end of the cutter shall be cut away at a 45°
5.5.5.1 ProcedureA, B, C, D, and H to measure the interval
angle to expose the cutting edges at one end of the blades.The edges shall
in minutes, between the application of the load to the specimen
be separated by 12 6 0.10 mm [0.5 6 0.005 in.].The 24 mm [1 in.] cutter
and its separation from the panel.
shall follow the same description except the bar stock shall be 24-mm
5.5.5.2 Procedures E, F, and G, a suitable means of mea-
[1-in.] wide and shall be narrowed to exactly 24 mm [1 in.] minus the
thickness of a single edge razor.
suring the amount of slippage of the tape to 1 mm [ ⁄64 in.] on
the panel after the mass has acted for 48 h.
5.2 Dispensing System, for solvents, such as a wash bottle.
5,7
5.3 Panel :
6. Reagent Materials
5.3.1 For ProceduresA, B, C, D, and H, a 50 by 125 mm [2
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
by 5 in.] not less than 1.1 mm [0.043 in.] thickness 302 or 304
used in all tests. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
stainless steel sheet with bright annealed finish in accordance
ascertained the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit
with Specification A666.The surface roughness height shall be
its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
50 6 25 nm [2.0 6 1.0 µin.] arithmetical average deviation
6.2 Solvents:
fromameanline.Oneorbothofthepanelendsshallbeground
6.2.1 Any of the following solvents may be used for
to form a 90° angle with the panel surface. Panels showing
stains, discolorations, or numerous scratches are not accept- cleaning.
able. New panels should be cleaned before use as described in
NOTE 2—Before selecting or using these solvents for cleaning test
10.1,exceptwithtenwashesofthefinalsolvent.Betweenuses,
panels be sure to read and follow all precautions on the chemical Material
the panels test surface shall be protected from scratches and Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and consult with Environmental, Health and
Safety (EHS) Professionals.
contamination, and the panels stored at conditions described in
8.1.
6.2.1.1 Diacetone alcohol nonresidual, technical grade or
5.3.2 For Procedures E, F, and G, a panel as described in
better.
5.3.1shallhavea12mm[0.5in.]lengthatoneendofthepanel
6.2.1.2 Methanol (95 %).
bent through an arc of 120° away from the test surface. The
6.2.1.3 Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK).
radius of the curvature of the finished surface at the bend shall
6.2.1.4 n-Heptane.
1 1
be 1.5 to 3 mm [ ⁄16 to ⁄8 in.].
6.2.1.5 Acetone.
5,7
6.2.2 For referee testing, the final cleaning shall be with
5.4 Roller, mechanically or hand-operated.
MEK or acetone.
5.4.1 Asteelroller85 62.5mm[3.25 60.1in.]indiameter
and 45 6 1.5 mm [1.75 by 0.5 in.] in width, covered with 6.3 Cleaning Material, absorbent, surgical gauze, cotton
rubber approximately 6 mm [0.25 in.] in thickness, having a wool, or tissue. To be suitable, materials must be lint free
Shore scaleAdurometer hardness of 80 6 5. The surface shall during use, absorbent, contain no additives that are soluble in
be a true cylinder void of any convex or concave deviations. the solvents listed in 6.2, and made exclusively from virgin
The mass of the roller shall be 2040 6 45 g [4.5 6 0.1 lb]. materials.
5.4.2 No part of the apparatus shall increase the mass of the
7. Sampling
roller during use. The roller shall move either mechanically or
by hand at the rate of 10 6 0.4 mm/s [24 6 0.5 in./min].
7.1 Acceptance Sampling—Sampling shall be in accordance
5,7
with Practice D3715/D3715M. For Procedures A, E, and H
5.5 Test Stands and Ancillary Apparatus:
three replicate specimens shall be averaged in accordance with
5.5.1 Procedures A, B, C, D, and H—A test stan
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