Standard Test Method for In Situ Stress and Modulus of Deformation Using Flatjack Method (Withdrawn 2017)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests in Orthogonal Directions—The flatjack most accurately determines the stress parallel to the long axis of the adit, because this stress is the least affected by the presence of the opening. (The other tangential stress is highly concentrated.) In addition, if the adit is in a stress field where one of the stresses is significantly larger than the others (3 or 4 times), certain locations in the adit may be in very low compressive or even tensile stress. Flatjack tests in these locations can give anomalous and misleading results. Because of these factors, the test adit should have at least two, and preferably three, long (at least 4 to 5 times the diameter), straight sections at about 90° to each other. Testing should be distributed evenly in all three sections to provide redundant data and, if results in one section are anomalous, to allow the program to produce sufficient usable data.
Note 1—Not withstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 The flatjack test measures stress at a rock surface. The modulus of deformation and the long-term deformational properties (creep) may also be evaluated.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.2.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.3 Limitation—The flatjack test measures the average stress normal to the surface of the test chamber. Undisturbed stress levels must be determined by theoretical interpretations of these data.
1.4 Assumptions and Factors Influencing the Data:  
1.4.1 The stress relief is assumed to be an elastic, reversible process. In nonhomogeneous or highly fractured materials, this may not be completely true.
1.4.2 The equations assume that the rock mass is isotropic and homogeneous. Anisotropic effects may be estimated by testing in different orientations.
1.4.3 The flatjack is assumed to be 100 % efficient. The design and size requirements of 7.1 were determined to satisfy this requirement to within a few percent.
1.4.4 The jack is assumed to be aligned with the principal stresses on the surface of the opening. Shear stresses are not canceled by jack pressure. Orientating the tests in three directions in each plane tested prevents the misalignment from being excessive for at least one of the tests.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
The flatjack test measures stress at a rock surface. The modulus of deformation and the long-term deformational properties (creep) may also be evaluated.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this standard was withdrawn in July 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2008
Withdrawal Date
11-Jul-2017
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4729 − 08
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Stress and Modulus of Deformation Using Flatjack
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 The flatjack test measures stress at a rock surface. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
modulus of deformation and the long-term deformational
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
properties (creep) may also be evaluated.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
2. Referenced Documents
Practice D6026.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected,
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother Fluids
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
standard is beyond its scope. Rock for Site Exploration
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.3 Limitation—The flatjack test measures the average
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
stress normal to the surface of the test chamber. Undisturbed
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
stress levels must be determined by theoretical interpretations
D5720 Practice for Static Calibration of Electronic
of these data.
Transducer-Based Pressure Measurement Systems for
1.4 Assumptions and Factors Influencing the Data:
Geotechnical Purposes
1.4.1 The stress relief is assumed to be an elastic, reversible
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
process. In nonhomogeneous or highly fractured materials, this
Data
may not be completely true.
D6027 Practice for Calibrating Linear Displacement Trans-
1.4.2 The equations assume that the rock mass is isotropic 3
ducers for Geotechnical Purposes (Withdrawn 2013)
and homogeneous. Anisotropic effects may be estimated by
testing in different orientations.
3. Terminology
1.4.3 The flatjack is assumed to be 100 % efficient. The
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to
design and size requirements of 7.1 were determined to satisfy
Terminology D653.
this requirement to within a few percent.
1.4.4 The jack is assumed to be aligned with the principal
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
stresses on the surface of the opening. Shear stresses are not
3.2.1 cancellation pressure—the pressure in the flatjack
canceled by jack pressure. Orientating the tests in three
required to return the rock to its initial position.
directions in each plane tested prevents the misalignment from
3.2.2 skin stress—the tangential stress at the surface of an
being excessive for at least one of the tests.
opening.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.3 undisturbed stress—the stress field existing in a rock
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
mass prior to excavation of an opening.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4729 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D4729-08. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4729 − 08
4. Summary of Test Method Large inclusions in the rock can affect both the stress and
deformational properties. Test locations should be carefully
4.1 The in situ stress in the rock mass is relieved by cutting
selected so that the effects of such features are minimized or, if
a slot into the rock perpendicular to the s
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4729–04 Designation: D 4729 – 08
Standard Test Method for
In Situ Stress and Modulus of Deformation Using the
1
Flatjack Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4729; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 The flatjack test measures stress at a rock surface. The modulus of deformation and the long-term deformational properties
(creep) may also be evaluated.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D 6026.
1.2.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.3 Limitation—Theflatjacktestmeasurestheaveragestressnormaltothesurfaceofthetestchamber.Undisturbedstresslevels
must be determined by theoretical interpretations of these data.
1.4 Assumptions and Factors Influencing the Data:
1.4.1 Thestressreliefisassumedtobeanelastic,reversibleprocess.Innonhomogeneousorhighlyfracturedmaterials,thismay
not be completely true.
1.4.2 The equations assume that the rock mass is isotropic and homogeneous. Anisotropic effects may be estimated by testing
in different orientations.
1.4.3 The flatjack is assumed to be 100 % efficient. The design and size requirements of 7.1 were determined to satisfy this
requirement to within a few percent.
1.4.4 The jack is assumed to be aligned with the principal stresses on the surface of the opening. Shear stresses are not canceled
by jack pressure. Orientating the tests in three directions in each plane tested prevents the misalignment from being excessive for
at least one of the tests.
1.5The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2113Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation 2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock
for Site Investigation
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements forAgencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used
in Engineering Design and Construction
D 5720 Practice for Static Calibration of Electronic Transducer-bBased Pressure Measurement Systems for Geotechnical
Purposes
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
D 6027 Practice for Calibrating Linear Displacement Transducers for Geotechnical Purposes
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved Nov.July 1, 2004.2008. Published December 2004.July 2008. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 19972004 as
D4729–87(1997). D 4729 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4729–08
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cancellation pressure—the pressure in the flatjack required to return the rock to its initial position.
3.2.2 skin stress—the tangential stress at the surface of an opening.
3.2.3 undisturbed stress—the stress field existing in a rock mass prior
...

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