ASTM D79-86(2014)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments
Standard Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the properties and requirements for the pigment commercially known as "zinc white" or zinc oxide, which may be purchased either in the dry or paste in oil forms. Dry pigments, which may be processed either by the French process or American process, shall conform individually to required compositions of zinc oxide, total sulfur, moisture and other volatile matter, total impurities (including moisture and other volatile matter), and coarse particles (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Conversely, pigments in the paste in oil form shall adhere to required composition of the pigment, linseed oil, moisture and other volatile matter, and coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a No. 325 sieve). Pigments shall also be tested for tinting strength, and oil absorption by Gardner-Coleman and spatula rub-out methods.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment. It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint, reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and neutralization of acids formed upon oxidation of the paint film.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil.
Note 1: Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D79 −86 (Reapproved 2014) American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M124
Standard Specification for
1
Zinc Oxide Pigments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD79;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope Microscopy (Withdrawn 1994)
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially
3. Significance and Use
known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be
3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment.
purchased in the dry form or as a paste in oil.
It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint,
NOTE 1—Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional
reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to
information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for
mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and
descriptions of zinc oxide use in rubber compounding.
neutralizationofacidsformeduponoxidationofthepaintfilm.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Composition and Properties
only.
4.1 Dry Pigment, French Process—In the manufacture of
French process zinc oxide, metallic zinc is vaporized, either in
2. Referenced Documents
a boiler or a refining column, and the resulting vapor is burned
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in a controlled manner in an orifice. The fine particles of zinc
D185Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
oxide are cooled enough to agglomerate and are collected by a
D280Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other
system of fabric bags. French process oxide shall conform to
Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
the properties listed in Table 1.
D281Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by
4.2 Dry Pigment,American Process—In the manufacture of
Spatula Rub-out
American process zinc oxide, zinc ore is reduced in the
D332Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
presence of a carbonaceous fuel.The resulting vapor is burned
Pigments by Visual Observation
in a combustion chamber, and the fine particles of zinc oxide
D1483Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by
are cooled enough to agglomerate and are collected by a
Gardner-Coleman Method
systemoffabricbags.Americanprocessoxideshallconformto
D2745Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
the properties listed in Table 1.
Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
D3280Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc Pigments
4.3 Paste in Oil—The paste shall be made by thoroughly
D4295Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials—
grinding the specified pigment with linseed oil. As received it
Zinc Oxide
shallnotbecakedinthecontainerandshallbreakupreadilyin
D4315Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Material—
oil to form a smooth paint of brushing consistency. The paste
Zinc Oxide
shall conform to the following requirements:
E20Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
Pigment, % 80 to 86
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical Linseed oil, % 14 to 20
Moisture and other volatile matter, max, % 0.5
Coarse particles and skins (total residue retained on a 1.5
No. 325 (45-µm) sieve), max, % of the dry pigment
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint
4.4 In such physical properties as are specified by the
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
purchaser, the pigment shall satisfactorily match a reference
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originally
sample mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller.
approvedin1921.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asD79–86(2009).DOI:
The most frequently specified properties are oil absorption,
10.1520/D0079-86R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D79−86 (2014)
TABLE 1 Composition
10 000 lb, two samples shall be taken. At the option of the
French American purchaser, the samples may be tested separately or after
Process Process
blending in
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D79 − 86 (Reapproved 2009) D79 − 86 (Reapproved 2014) American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: M124
Standard Specification for
1
Zinc Oxide Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D79; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the pigments commercially known as “zinc white” or zinc oxide. The pigments may be purchased
in the dry form or as a paste in oil.
NOTE 1—Zinc oxides are used in many industries. For additional information, see Classification D4295 and Test Methods D4315 for descriptions of
zinc oxide use in rubber compounding.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
D280 Test Methods for Hygroscopic Moisture (and Other Matter Volatile Under the Test Conditions) in Pigments
D281 Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-out
D332 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Visual Observation
D1483 Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Gardner-Coleman Method
D2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
D3280 Test Methods for Analysis of White Zinc Pigments
D4295 Classification for Rubber Compounding Materials—Zinc Oxide
D4315 Test Methods for Rubber Compounding Material—Zinc Oxide
E20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Substances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical Microscopy
3
(Withdrawn 1994)
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Zinc oxide functions as both a chemical and a pigment. It is used in a variety of applications including rubber, paint,
reprography, glass, chemicals, etc. In paint, it contributes to mildew protection, ultraviolet absorption, hiding power, and
neutralization of acids formed upon oxidation of the paint film.
4. Composition and Properties
4.1 Dry Pigment, French Process—In the manufacture of French process zinc oxide, metallic zinc is vaporized, either in a boiler
or a refining column, and the resulting vapor is burned in a controlled manner in an orifice. The fine particles of zinc oxide are
cooled enough to agglomerate and are collected by a system of fabric bags. French process oxide shall conform to the properties
listed in Table 1.
4.2 Dry Pigment, American Process—In the manufacture of American process zinc oxide, zinc ore is reduced in the presence
of a carbonaceous fuel. The resulting vapor is burned in a combustion chamber, and the fine particles of zinc oxide are cooled
enough to agglomerate and are collected by a system of fabric bags. American process oxide shall conform to the properties listed
in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published July 2009December 2014. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D79 – 86 (2004).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D0079-86R09.10.1520/D0079-86R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D79 − 86 (2014)
TABLE 1 Composition
French American
Process Process
Zinc oxide, min, % 99 98.5
Total sulfur, max, % 0.1 0.2
Moisture and other volatile matter, max, % 0.5 0.5
Total impurities, including moisture and 1.0 1.5
other volatile matter, max, %
Coarse particles (total residue retained on 0.10 0.25
a No. 325 (45-μm) sieve), max, %
4.3 Paste in Oil—The paste shall be made by thoroughly grinding the specified pigment with linseed oil. As received it
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.