ASTM D4302-14(2021)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Artists’ Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
Standard Specification for Artists’ Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints. This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time. The different labelling requirements for artists' oil paints, resin-oil, and alkyd paints are presented in details. The quality assurance method for artists' oil paints and artists' resin-oil paints are presented in details. The quality assurance methods for artists' alkyd paints are presented. The lightfastness of the paints shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lightfastness categories shall be assign to meet the requirements prescribed.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists’ oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4302 −14 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Artists’Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D387 Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic
Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for
D476 Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide
composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of
Products
artists’ oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.
D602 Specification for Barium Sulfate Pigments
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
D1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,
bon Solvents
lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given
of Organic Coatings
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
relative lightfastness are referenced.
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Coordinates
only.
D2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8.
in Solvent-Reducible Paints (Withdrawn 2016)
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
D2689 Practices for Testing Alkyd Resins (Withdrawn
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
2008)
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Health Hazards
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D4303 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Artists’ Materials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Strength of Chromatic Paints
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D4941 Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists’ Paste
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Paints
E284 Terminology of Appearance
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D79 Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments
3.1 Definitions:
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments
3.1.1 Colour Index Name, n—consists of the category (type
of dye or pigment), general hue, and an assigned number given
to a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
cation system.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4302 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D4302-14R21. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 Vols and Revisions, The Society of Dyers and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Colourists, London, 1971–75. Available from the American Association of Textile
the ASTM website. Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4302−14 (2021)
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name 5.1.3 TheCommonNameshallbeplacedonthefrontofthe
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in
15). 5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
on the container.
3.1.2 Colour Index Number, n—a five-digit number given in
5.1.4 The Colour Index name may be spelled out in full or
the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:
colorant.
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Forexample,theColourIndexNumber
5.1.5 Substituted Pigment—In the case of substituted
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
pigments, except for those pigments listed in Table X3.1, the
3.1.3 Refer toTerminology E284 for appearance terms used word “Hue” in equal size letters shall follow in the title, on the
front of the tube, immediately after the name of the pigment
in this specification.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: that has been simulated.
5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used
3.2.1 alkali refined oil, n—triglyceride oil of vegetable
provided the Common Name(s) given in Table 1 is listed along
originthathasbeentreatedwithalkalitoreducethefreeacidity
with their Colour Index Names and the Lightfastness Category
by formation of water-soluble salts, subsequently removed by
of the mixture somewhere on the label.
washing.
5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’paints containing more than
3.2.1.1 Discussion—An appreciable degree of free acidity
one pigment comply with this specification if all colored
may cause a greater development of yellowing in a dried film
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
of oil. Most artists’oil paints are ground in alkali refined oil.
list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all
3.2.2 alkyd paint, n—paint containing a resin produced by
other test requirements in this specification. The lightfastness
combining a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, and the fatty
category shall be that of the least lightfast pigment. This
acid of a drying vegetable oil. For this specification, the resin
lightfastness category may be changed if the mixture is tested
produced must be soluble in mineral spirits or turpentine.
for lightfastness in accordance with Test Methods D4303 and
results indicating a different category are submitted to ASTM
3.2.3 drier (siccative), n—a substance, usually an organo-
Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation.
metallic compound, that accelerates the rate of drying of an oil
5.1.8 Historical and Discontinued Pigments—Pigments that
paint or oil medium.
are either (1) primarily of a historical nature, or (2) have not
3.2.4 oil paint, n—paint containing an alkali refined triglyc-
been commercially manufactured for a minimum of ten years
eride drying oil of vegetable origin.
ormore,maybesubmittedtoASTMSubcommitteeD01.57for
3.2.5 resin-oil paint, n—paint containing 90 weight %
inclusion in Table X3.1.
minimumofvehiclesolids,vegetabledryingoil,and10weight
5.1.8.1 The Common Name(s) of pigments in Table X3.1
% maximum of vehicle solids replaced by gum or resin.
maybeusedbysubstitutedpigmentswithoutthedesignationof
“Hue” in the title.
4. Significance and Use 5.1.8.2 Paints using pigments listed in Table X3.1 may use
the word “Genuine” in front of the title to differentiate them
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
from substituted pigments.
provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
5.2 Provide on the label:
distributors, and users.
5.2.1 Artists’ Oil Paints—Vegetable origin of the oil and
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
method of refinement.
ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
NOTE 1—The type of oil can be identified in accordance with Test
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
Method D2245.
may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either
of which may be acceptable under this specification. 5.2.2 Artists’Alkyd Paints—Type of fatty acid used. If free
vegetable oil is used in combination with an alkyd resin,
5. Labeling Requirements declare this also on the label. State if compatible with artists’
oil paints.
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
NOTE 2—The type of alkyd can be identified in accordance with
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained
Practices D2689.
in the paint (1) the information underlined in Table 1 (which
5.2.3 Artists’ Resin-Oil Paints—Vegetable origin and
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
method of refinement of the oil and type of resin or gum. If the
additionaltermsnecessarytoidentifytheformofthepigment),
colors in a resin-oil paint line contain more than one, or
and (2) the appropriate Lightfastness Category.
different, gums or resins, the identification on the individual
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,
labels may uniformly include all of the gums or resins used in
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple
the paint line. Example: “Damar or Mastic Gum.” State if
chemical description, shall be given by the producer in an
compatible with artists’ oil paints.
appropriateelectronicversionorprintedpublication.Manufac-
turers are encouraged to put this complete identification on the
NOTE 3—The type of oil can be identified in accordance with Test
container label when label size permits. Method D2245.
D4302−14 (2021)
TABLE 1 Suitable Pigments List
NOTE 1—Underlined information and the lightfastness rating in the table shall be included on every label.
NOTE 2—The chemical classes in Table 1 have been revised to more closely conform to recommended terminology. When relabeling or publishing
literature, the chemical classes given in Table 1 should be used; however, product labels or literature using the chemical descriptions given in Table 1
of D4302–96a are still in conformance with this specification.
Key:
Lightfastness Category:
Lightfastness I Excellent Lightfastness
Lightfastness II Very Good Lightfastness
Abbreviations Used in Colour Index Names:
NR Natural Red
PB Pigment Blue
PBk Pigment Black
PBr Pigment Brown
PG Pigment Green
PO Pigment Orange
PR Pigment Red
PV Pigment Violet
PW Pigment White
PY Pigment Yellow
Pigment Notations:
(BS) Blue shade
(CC) Concentrated cadmium pigments may contain up to 15 % barium sulfate for color control. Cadmium-barium pigments contain a much higher amount of
barium sulfate.
(DL) May darken in strong light
(LF) Lightfast type
(NA) Colour index name or number not assigned
... Not tested
(RS) Red shade
(SM) Sensitive to moisture in direct sunlight
(SS) Sensitive to hydrogen sulfide
Lightfastness Category
Colour
Colour Index
Common Name and Chemical Class Index
Oil and
Name
Alkyd
Number
Resin-Oil
YELLOWS
PY 3 II II Arylide Yellow 10G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, Organic: monoazo, 11710
acetoacetyl, 10G
PY 35 I . Cadmium (hue designation), Inorganic: cadmium zinc sulfide (CC) (SM) 77205
PY 35:1 I . Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), Inorganic: cadmium zinc sulfide coprecipitated with 77205:1
barium sulfate (SM)
PY 37 I I Cadmium (hue designation), Inorganic: cadmium sulfide (CC) (SM) 77199
PY 37:1 I . Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), Inorganic: cadmium sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77199:1
PY 40 II . Aureolin, or Cobalt Yellow, Inorganic: potassium cobaltinitrite 77357
PY 41 I . Naples Yellow, Inorganic: lead antimoniate (SS) 77589
PY 42 I . Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, Inorganic: synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 42 I . Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Orange, Inorganic: synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 43 I I Yellow Ochre, Inorganic: natural hydrated iron oxide 77492
PY 53 I . Nickel Titanate Yellow, Inorganic: oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium 77788
PY 65 I . Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hansa Yellow RN, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl RN 11740
PY 73 I . Arylide Yellow GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow GX, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl, GX 11738
PY74(LF) I . Arylide Yellow 5GX, with option of adding Hansa Yellow 5GX, Organic: monoazo: acetoacetyl 5GX 11741
PY 83 HR 70 I . Diarylide Yellow HR70, Organic: disazo, HR 70 21108
PY 97 I . Arylide Yellow FGL, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl FGL 11767
PY 98 II . Arylide Yellow 10GX, with the option of adding the name Hansa Yellow 10GX, Organic: monoazo, 11727
acetoacetyl, 10GX
PY 108 I . Anthrapyrimidine Yellow, Organic: anthraguinone 68420
PY 109 I . Isoindolinone Yellow G, Organic: aminoketone, G tetrachloroisoindolinone 56284
PY 110 I . Isoindolinone Yellow R, Organic: aminoketone, R tetrachloroisoindolinone 56280
PY 112 I . Flavanthrone Yellow, Organic: anthraquinone 70600
PY 129 I . Azomethine Yellow 56, Organic: methine, 5G copper complex of azomethine 48042
PY 138 I . Quinophthalone Yellow, Organic: aminoketone, quinophthalone 56300
PY 139 I . Isoindoline Yellow, Organic: aminoketone, isoindoline 56298
PY 150 I . Nickel Azo Yellow, Organic: monoazo, heterocyclic hydroxy, nickel complex 12764
PY 151 I . Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H4G, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl, H4G 13980
PY 153 I . Nickel Dioxine Yellow, Organic: methine, dioximer, nickel complex 48545
PY 154 I . Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H3G, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl, H3G 11781
PY 175 I . Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H6G, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl, H6G 11784
ORANGES
PO 5 II . Dinitraniline Orange, Organic: monoazo, acetoacetyl (SM) 12075
PO 20 I I Cadmium (hue designation), Inorganic: cadmium sulfo-selenide (CC) 77202
PO 20:1 I . Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), Inorganic: cadmium sulfoselenide coprecipitated with barium 77202:1
sulfate
PO 23 I . Cadmium Vermilion Orange, Inorganic: cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201
PO 23:1 I . Cadmium-Barium Vermilion Orange, Inorganic: cadmium mercury sulfide coprecipitated with bari
...
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