ASTM B543-96(2003)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube
Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers welded tube of copper and various copper alloys up to 31/8 in., inclusive, in diameter, for use in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, and general engineering applications. Tubes for this application are normally made of the following coppers or copper alloys:Copper or Copper Alloy UNS No. 2Previously UsedDesignationType of MetalC10800...oxygen-free, low phosphorusC12200DHP phosphorized, high residual phos phorusC19400...copper-iron alloyC23000...red brassC44300...arsenical admiraltyC44400...antimonial admiraltyC44500...phosphorized admiraltyC68700...arsenical aluminum brassC70400...95-5 copper-nickelC70600...90-10 copper-nickelC71000...80-20 copper-nickelC71500...70-30 copper-nickelC71640...copper-nickel-iron-manganeseC72200...... Designation listed in Classification B 224.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Mercury is a definite health hazard in use and disposal. (See 14.1.))
Note 1—A complete metric companion to Specification B 543 has been developed—B 543M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
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Designation: B 543 – 96 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Specification for
Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 543; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification covers welded tube of copper and 2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
various copper alloys up to 3 ⁄8 in., inclusive, in diameter, for of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
use in surface condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, and extent referenced herein:
general engineering applications.Tubes for this application are 2.2 ASTM Standards:
normally made of the following coppers or copper alloys: B 153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and
Copper-Alloy Pipe and Tubing
Copper or
Previously Used
Copper Alloy UNS Type of Metal
B 154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper
Designation
No.
and Copper Alloys
C10800 . oxygen-free, low phosphorus
A
B 224 Classification of Coppers
C12200 DHP phosphorized, high residual phos pho-
rus
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
C19400 . copper-iron alloy
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
C23000 . red brass
C44300 . arsenical admiralty Determine Conformance with Specifications
C44400 . antimonial admiralty
E 53 Test Methods Determination of Copper in Unalloyed
C44500 . phosphorized admiralty
Copper by Gravimetry
C68700 . arsenical aluminum brass
C70400 . 95-5 copper-nickel E 54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special
C70600 . 90-10 copper-nickel
Brasses and Bronzes
C71000 . 80-20 copper-nickel
E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
C71500 . 70-30 copper-nickel
C71640 . copper-nickel-iron-manganese Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods)
C72200 . .
E 75 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Copper-Nickel
____________
and Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloys
A
Designation listed in Classification B 224.
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nation of Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Alloys
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—
E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and CopperAlloys for
Mercury is a definite health hazard in use and disposal. (See
Determination of Chemical Composition
14.1.))
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification B 543 has
been developed—B 543M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented 3. Terminology
in this specification.
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 capable of—as used in this specification, the test need
not be performed by the producer of the material. However,
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB05onCopper
and CopperAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe
and Tube.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
e1
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as B 543 – 96 . contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
New designation established in accordance with Practice E 527. In the new Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
UNSsystem,thedesignationsforcopperalloysaresimplyexpansionsofthepresent the ASTM website.
standard designations by a prefix “C” and a suffix “00.” Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B 543 – 96 (2003)
should subsequent testing by the purchaser establish that the 5. Ordering Information
materialdoesnotmeettheserequirements,thematerialshallbe
5.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
subject to rejection.
the following information:
5.1.1 Quantityofeachsize(numberofpiecesandnumberof
4. Types of Welded Tube
feet),
4.1 Forge-Welded Tube manufactured as described in 6.2.1,
5.1.2 Material (Sections 1, 6, and 7),
6.2.1.1, and 6.2.1.2.
5.1.3 Temper (Section 8),
4.1.1 As-Welded Tube—Forge-welded tube with internal
5.1.3.1 If tension tests are required (Section 9),
and external flash removed and no further refinement of grain
5.1.4 Whether a pressure test is to be used instead of the
structure.
eddy-current test (see 15.1),
4.1.2 Welded and Annealed Tube—Forge-welded tube with
5.1.5 Dimensions, the diameter, wall thickness, whether
internal and external flash removed, that has been annealed to
minimum or nominal wall, and length, (Section 16),
produce a uniform grain size appropriate to the specified
5.1.6 Type of welded tube (Section 4),
annealed temper.
5.1.7 Whether cut ends of the tube are to be deburred,
4.1.3 Welded and Cold-Reduced Tube—Forge-welded tube
chamfered, or otherwise treated (see 17.1),
with internal and external flash removed and subsequently cold
5.1.8 If the product is to be subsequently welded (see Table
reduced to conform to the specified size and temper.
1 and Footnote C),
4.1.4 Welded and Cold-Drawn Tube—Forge-welded tube
5.1.9 Specification number and year of issue,
with internal and external flash removed and subsequently cold
5.1.10 Certification, if required (Section 24), and
drawn over a plug or mandrel to the specified size and temper.
5.1.11 Mill test report, if required (Section 26).
4.2 Fusion-Welded Tube manufactured as described in
5.2 In addition, when material is purchased for agencies of
6.2.2.
the U.S. Government, it shall conform to the Supplementary
4.2.1 As-Welded Tube—Fusion-welded tube with no further
Requirements as defined herein when specified in the contract
refinement of grain structure.
or purchase order.
4.2.2 Welded and Annealed Tube—Fusion-welded tube that
has been annealed to produce a uniform grain size appropriate
6. Materials and Manufacture
tothespecifiedannealedtemper.Thestructureoftheweldzone
shall be that which is typical of a fusion weld. 6.1 The material shall be of such quality and purity that the
finished product shall have the properties and characteristics
4.2.3 Welded and Cold-Reduced Tube—Fusion-welded tube
subsequently cold-reduced to conform to the specified size and prescribed in this specification.
6.2 Welded tube shall be made of clean strip in either
temper.
4.2.4 Welded and Cold-Drawn Tube—Fusion-welded tube cold-rolled or annealed tempers. The strip shall be formed into
a tubular shape on a suitable forming mill.
subsequently cold-drawn over a plug or mandrel to the
specified size and temper. 6.2.1 For forge-welded tube, the edges of the strip shall be
4.3 Fully Finished Tube—Welded tube with internal and heated to the required welding temperature, usually by high-
external flash removed, if present, and subsequently cold- frequency electric current, and be pressed firmly together
drawn over a plug or mandrel and annealed, and redrawn when causing a forge-type joint to be formed with internal and
necessary to conform to the specified temper. external flash or bead.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Copper or
Other
Copper Al-
Nickel incl Lead, Man-
A
Copper Iron Zinc Aluminum Phosphorus Tin Antimony Arsenic Ele-
loy UNS No.
Cobalt max ganese
ments
B
C10800 99.95 min . . . . . . 0.005–0.012 . . . .
C12200 99.9 min . . . . . . 0.015–0.040 . . . .
C19400 97.0–97.8 . 0.03 2.1–2.6 0.05–0.20 . . 0.015–0.15 . . . .
C23000 84.0–86.0 . 0.05 0.05 max remainder . . . . . . .
C44300 70.0–73.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . 0.8–1.2 . 0.02–0.06 .
C44400 70.0–73.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . . 0.8–1.2 0.02–0.10 . .
C44500 70.0–73.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . . 0.02–0.10 0.8–1.2 . . .
C68700 76.0–79.0 . 0.07 0.06 max remainder . 1.8–2.5 . . . 0.02–0.06 .
C70400 remainder 4.8–6.2 0.05 1.3–1.7 1.0 max 0.30–0.8 . . . . . .
C C C C
C70600 remainder 9.0–11.0 0.05 1.0–1.8 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
C C C C
C71000 remainder 19.0–23.0 0.05 0.50–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
C C C C
C71500 remainder 29.0–33.0 0.05 0.40–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
C C C C
C71640 remainder 29.0–32.0 0.05 1.7–2.3 1.0 max 1.5–2.5 . . . .
D C C C C,D
C72200 remainder 15.0–18.0 0.05 0.5–1.0 1.0 max 1.0 max . . . .
A
Silver counting as copper.
B
Copper + silver + phosphorus.
C
When the product is for subsequent welding applications and so specified by the purchaser, zinc shall be 0.50 % max, lead 0.02 % max, phosphorus 0.02 % max,
sulfur 0.02 % max, and carbon 0.05 % max.
D
Chromium 0.30 to 0.70.
B 543 – 96 (2003)
6.2.1.1 The external flash (that portion of the weld which 8.1.2.3 Fully finished—light drawn.
extends beyond the normal wall) shall always be removed.
8.2 Other tempers shall be produced to the mechanical
6.2.1.2 The internal flash in forge-welded tube shall be
propertiesasagreeduponbetweenthemanufacturerorsupplier
removedtotheextentthatitshallnotexceed0.006in.inheight
and the purchaser.
or 10 % of the nominal wall thickness, whichever is greater.
8.3 Tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300,
6.2.2 For fusion-welded tube, the edges of the strip shall be
C44400, C44500, and C68700 shall be furnished in the
brought together and welded, usually by a GTAW welding
annealed temper or the stress relieved condition as specified in
process, without the addition of filler metal, causing a fusion-
the purchase order unless otherwise agreed upon between the
type joint to be formed with no internal or external flash or
purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier.
bead removal necessary.
8.4 Tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C12200, C19400,
6.2.3 Tube type, 4.3, fully finished tube, may be welded and
C70400, C70600, C71000, C71500, C71640, and C72200 are
subsequently processed by any method that would produce a
normally supplied in the temper specified in the purchase order
tube suitable for subsequent cold-drawing and annealing.
without stress relief treatment.
6.2.4 There shall be no crevice in the weld seam visible to
NOTE 3—Some tubes, when subjected to aggressive environments, may
the unaided eye.
be subject to stress-corrosion cracking failure because of the residual
NOTE 2—The term “unaided eye” as used herein permits the use of
tensile stresses developed in straightening. For such applications, it is
corrective spectacles necessary to obtain normal vision.
suggested that tubes of Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C23000, C44300,
C44400, C44500, and C68700 be subjected to a stress relieving thermal
7. Chemical Composition
treatment subsequent to straightening. If required, this must be specified
7.1 Thematerialshallconformtotherequirementsspecified on the purchase order or contract. Tolerances for roundness and length,
and the condition of straightness, for tube so ordered, shall be to the
in Table 1.
requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
7.2 These specification limits do not preclude the presence
NOTE 4—The temper of 8.1.2.2 is to permit the production of a light
of other elements. Limits for unnamed elements may be
cold-workedas-weldedtubebymeansotherthantheuseofannealedstrip.
established by agreement between manufacturer or supplier
Someofthese,forexample,aretheuseofannealedtotemperstrip,theuse
and purchaser.
of lightly cold-rolled strip, and the use of cold-rolled strip and wherein the
7.2.1 For Copper Alloy UNS No. C19400, copper may be
resulting tube is subsequently relief annealed.
taken as the difference between the sum of all the elements
analyzed and 100 %. When all the elements in Table 1 are
9. Mechanical Properties
analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8 % minimum.
9.1 Tube specified to meet strength requirements shall have
7.2.2 For copper alloys in which copper is specified as the
tensile properties as prescribed in Table 2.
remainder, copper may be taken as the difference between the
sum of all the elements analyzed and 100 %.
10. Microscopical Examination
7.2.2.1 Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C70400, C70600, C71000,
10.1 Samples of welded and annealed tube and of fully
C71500, and C71640—When all the elements in Table 1 are
finished annealed tube shall be subjected to microscopical
analyzed, their sum shall be 99.5 % minimum.
examination at a magnification of 75 diameters.
7.2.2.2 Copper Alloy UNS No. C72200—When all the
elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8 % 10.1.1 Forge-welded and annealed tube shall have a com-
pletely recrystallized grain structure, and the weld zone shall
minimum.
7.2.3 For copper alloys in which zinc is specified as the have a structure typical of hot-forged welds.
remainder, either copper or zinc may be taken as the difference 10.1.2 Fusion-welded and annealed tube shall have a com-
between the sum of all the elements analyzed and 100 %.
pletely recrystallized grain structure, and the weld zone shall
7.2.3.1 Copper Alloy UNS No. C23000—When all the have a structure typical of a fusion weld.
elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.8 %
10.1.3 Fully finished and annealed tube shall have a com-
minimum.
pletely recrystallized structure typical of the metal when
7.2.3.2 Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C44300, C44400, and
cold-worked and annealed, including the weld zone.
C44500—When all the elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their
10.2 Samples selected for test shall be examined micro-
sum shall be 99.6 % minimum.
scopically at a magnification of 75 diameters to establish that
7.2.3.3 Copper Alloy UNS No. C68700—When all the
the weld interface is metallurgically sound.
elements in Table 1 are analyzed, their sum shall be 99.5 %
minimum.
11. Expansion Test
8. Temper
11.1 Tubes supplied in the annealed temper (8.1.1) and the
light cold-worked temper (8.1.2) and tubes supplied in the
8.1 Tube tempers shall be designated as follows:
stress relieved condition shall pass the expansion test as
8.1.1 Annealed tempers,
specified in 11.2.
8.1.1.1 Welded and annealed,
8.1.1.2 Fully finished—annealed, 11.2 Tube specimens selected for test shall withstand the
8.1.2 Light cold worked te
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