ASTM D4002-81(2002)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to define the properties to be tested, the apparatus to use, and the comparisons of product performance. It is recognized that considerable discretion exists among formulators and marketers of shoe polish on what properties or performance characteristics are best for their products. This practice will be flexible to honor this fact within the confines of the shoe polish definition in 2.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of buffable shoe polishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4002–81 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope emulsion polish. It would not be meaningful to select a paste or
liquid product as a control for comparison to an aerosol-
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test
emulsion test polish.
and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of
4.3 Test Substrates—The test substrate should be one for
buffable shoe polishes.
which the test polish is intended. Separate tests should be
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conducted for smooth-grained leather substrates to which the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
most current leather finishes have been applied at a tannery.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
The finished leather should be the exact type normally used by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the shoe manufacturer to fabricate everyday dress shoes. Test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
substrates of man-made materials should be obtained in the
2. Terminology
same manner. The test surface should be in good physical
condition, not badly cracked, scratched, or otherwise damaged
2.1 shoe polish—aids in cleaning, improving the appear-
so as to interfere with evaluation of polish properties. Various
ance, and protecting leather or other shoe materials from such
colors are required, see Section 9.
commondamagingeffectsasscuffs,water,saltwater,andother
4.4 Applicators—Several methods of shoe polish applica-
surface deposits, commonly encountered with the use of shoes
tion to substrates should be tested. Various types of applicators
outdoors or indoors. A buffable shoe polish requires buffing to
include brush, cloth, and foam. The same type of applicator
obtain appearance improvements.
should be used to apply the polish for both the control and test
3. Significance and Use
polish.
4.5 Polishing Cloth—The same type of polishing cloth
3.1 This practice is intended to define the properties to be
should be used for each sample. Materials such as washed
tested, the apparatus to use, and the comparisons of product
cheese cloth, rumple cloth, flannel, cotton diaper cloth, and
performance. It is recognized that considerable discretion
nonwoven fabrics are suitable for this purpose. Felt or paper
exists among formulators and marketers of shoe polish on what
should not be used.
properties or performance characteristics are best for their
4.6 Polishing Brush—A separate horsehair brush or horse-
products.This practice will be flexible to honor this fact within
hair composition shoe brush should be used with each sample.
the confines of the shoe polish definition in 2.1.
4.7 Cleaning Solvent—Aliphatic solvents with kauri-
4. Apparatus and Materials
butanol values less than 38.
4.8 Eye Droppers and Tap Water.
4.1 Test Polish.
4.9 Sharp Metal Knife.
4.2 Control Polish—The control polish is selected subjec-
4.10 Light-Colored Wool, Polyester/Cotton Pieces, of trou-
tively for comparison to the test polish. It may be a competitive
ser or dress clothing.
product, a modified formulation of the test polish, etc. The one
4.11 Thermometer.
stipulation is that, the control polish be of the same or similar
4.12 Humidity Gage.
type as the test polish. For example, if the test polish is an
aerosol-emulsion polish, the control should be an aerosol-
5. Precautions
5.1 The temperature and relative humidity of the test runs
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
should be measured and recorded. The temperature should be
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.
within 13 to 29°C (55 to 85°F) with a relative humidity of 20
Current edition approved March 27, 1981. Published May 1981. Originally
to 80 %.
published as D 4002- 81. Last previous edition D 4002 - 81.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4002–81 (2002)
5.2 The substrate should have the same temperature as the
3C X
4X C
surrounding area.
5.3 Comparisons should not be made between two separate
8.2.1 These four positionings should be written on tags and
swatches (or leather objects) since leather substrates may vary
drawn randomly by each of the four who apply the polishes.
widely.
5.4 Leather substrates are normally used only one time.
9. Evaluation
9.1 Compare the test polish and the control as follows:
6. Personnel and Instructions
9.1.1 Application and Buffıng Properties (ease of rub-up to
6.1 The application and evaluation of the test and control
maximum gloss)—During application and buffing of the pol-
polishes require four individuals. They should be capable of
ishes, note the time and ease with which each product develops
making discriminating judgments of subjective physical and
maximum gloss.
aesthetic properties. Training and orientation to specific prod-
9.1.2 Final Properties—Evaluate any or all of the following
uct performance characteristics may be required.
properties no sooner than 5 min following application:
6.1.1 The four persons should apply the polishes to one of
9.1.2.1 Gloss—Evaluate as depth of gloss and buffing.
each of the four test substrates. All persons then rate all
9.1.2.2 Uniformity—Observe the surface for streaks, unpol-
properties, except application properties, on the remaining
ished dry spots, and general uniformity.
three panels that they did not apply polish to. The persons
applying the polishes should rate ease of use and other
9.1.2.3 Film Clarity—Observe the clearness or sharpness of
application properties. This means there will be only four an object’s image in the surface of the polish. Overhead lights,
readings on application properties. The three rating the other
face,hand,orotherobjectsmaybeusedforreflection.Thistest
properties, do not observe the application because they rate may be eliminated for low-lustre surfaces that do not possess
properties of each polish “blind.”
mirror-like finishes.
9.1.2.4 Smear and Scuff Resistance—Smear is the degree of
7. Procedure
oiliness or greasiness after the polish is rubbed-up to the
desired polish appearance. Scuff is the degree of film damage
7.1 Cleaning of Test Substrates—An aliphatic solvent hav-
ing a kauri-butanol value less than 38 should be used to lightly resulting from a glancing blow to the polish substrate. Check
smear by making a design such as an “S” with one’s finger. A
wipe the test substrate. Soft cotton towels may be used to apply
the solvent to the surface and to wipe it clean. New or glancing blow with one’s knuckles or soft object such as a
book or magazine may be used for determining the degree of
adequately laundered towels should be used each time.
7.2 Surface Subdivision—The precleaned surface of each scuff.
test substrate should be divided and outlined by tape with
9.1.2.5 Film Healing—Observe the length of time required
uniform squares.
for the smear or scuff in 9.1.2.4 to disappear from the polish
7.3 Application of polish or wax—Assuming the control film, should it occur.
polish or the test polish is a commercially available product,
9.1.2.6 Rebuffability—Observe the ease of completeness or
follow the directions on the container as far as possible. When
repairability when the smears and scuffs are buffed with a
in doubt on the method of use, the directions for similar
polishing cloth. The amount of physical effort and length of
products may be used. Equal volumes of control and test polish
time required is noted.
or wax should be used to avoid excessively thin or heavy coats.
9.1.2.7 Cleaning—Observe the ease of removal of old
One or two applications may be used depending on the
polish films, as well as common soiling materials such as dust,
substrate and the discretion of the tester. The same number of
grease, oils, finger marks, beverage stains, etc. This may
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