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ASTM C1070-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering

Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of alumina or quartz using laser light scattering instrumentation in the range from 0.1 to 500 μm.
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be applied to other nonplastic ceramic powders. It is at the discretion of the user to determine the method's applicability.
1.3 This test method applies to analysis using aqueous dispersions.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Quartz has been classified by IARC as a Group I carcinogen. For specific hazard information in handling this material, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
81.060.10 - Raw materials
Technical Committee
C28 - Advanced Ceramics
Drafting Committee
C28.03 - Physical Properties and Non-Destructive Evaluation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C1070-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM C1070-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light ScatteringASTM C1070-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
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ASTM C1070-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
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Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: C 1070 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz
1
by Laser Light Scattering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction,—the optical theory that de-
scribes the low-angle scattering of light by particles that are
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
large compared to the wavelength of the incident light.
size distribution of alumina or quartz using laser light scatter-
3.1.3 Mie Scattering,—the complex electromagnetic theory
ing instrumentation in the range from 0.1 to 500 μm.
that describes the scattering of light by spherical particles. It is
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be
usually applied to particles with diameters that are close to the
applied to other nonplastic ceramic powders. It is at the
wavelength of the incident light. The real and the imaginary
discretion of the user to determine the method’s applicability.
5
indices of light diffraction are needed.
1.3 This test method applies to analysis using aqueous
3.1.4 multiple scattering,—the rescattering of light by a
dispersions.
particle in the path of light scattered by another particle. This
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
may occur in heavy concentrations of a particle dispersion.
tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to address
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
4. Summary of Test Method
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
4.1 A sample dispersed in an aqueous medium is circulated
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
through the path of a light beam. As the particles pass through
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the light beam, the particles scatter light at angles inversely
1.5 Quartz has been classified by IARC as a Group I
proportional to their size and with an intensity directly propor-
carcinogen. For specific hazard information in handling this
tional to their size. Detectors collect the scattered light which
material, see the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.
is converted to electrical signals and analyzed in a micropro-
2. Referenced Documents cessor. The signal is converted to size distribution using
Fraunhofer Diffraction or Mie Scattering, or a combination of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
both. The scattering information is then processed, assuming
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
2
the particles to be spherical, using algorithms or models
Products
proprietary to the particular instrument manufacturer. Calcu-
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
3
lated particle size distributions are presented as equivalent
Test Methods
spherical diameters.
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5. Significance and Use
F 1226 Test Method for Calibration of Liquid-Borne Par-
4 5.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by
ticle Counters for Submicrometer Particle Sizing
this method or any other method for particle size distribution
3. Terminology utilizing different physical principles may disagree. The results
are strongly influenced by the physical principles employed by
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
each method of particle size analysis. The results of any
3.1.1 background,—extraneous scattering of light by ele-
particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense,
ments other than the particles to be measured. This includes
and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results
scattering by contamination in the measurement zone.
obtained by other methods.
5.2 Light scattering theory that is used for determination of
1 particle size has been available for many years. Several
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee manufacturers of testing equipment have units based on these
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
principles. Although each type of testing equipment utilizes the
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published November 2001.
Originally published as C 1070-86. Last previous edition C 1070-86 (1992).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Muly, E. C., Frock, H. W., “Industrial Particle Size Measurement Using Light
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.05. Scattering,” Optical Engineering, 19[6], pp. 861–69 (1990).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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4.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by this method or any other method for particle size distribution utilizing different physical principles may disagree. The results are strongly influenced by the physical principles employed by each method of particle size analysis. The results of any particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense, and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results obtained by other methods.  
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This guide covers the wet sieve analysis of ceramic whiteware clays. This guide is intended for use in testing shipments of clay as well as for plant control tests. The apparatus to be used include stirring device and sieves. The following procedure shall be followed in the analysis of the ceramic whiteware clays: transferring of duplicate portions of the dried clay sample; agitating of the slurry by means of a mechanical stirrer to ensure complete separation of clay from nonplastic impurities; transferring of the slaked and stirred sample, without loss, to the finest sieve to be employed in the test; washing of the residue remaining on the finest sieve into the pan; nesting the top sieve on the pan, which shall contain a certain amount of clear water; refilling of the pan with the proper amount of water, then nesting the top sieve and its residue on the pan; carefully blotting each sieve on its underside with a soft, damp sponge, and placing the sieve either in a drying oven or under infrared lamps until thoroughly dry; nesting the dried residues and sieves in the proper order, with due care to prevent dusting of the residues; and separating the nested sieves and carefully brushing the residue from each onto a weighing paper.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard, with the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice; and the units for pressure, cm H2O—also long-standing practice.  
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