ASTM F1473-18

Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials at accelerated conditions such as 80°C, 2.4-MPa stress, and with a sharp notch.  
5.2 The testing time or time to failure depends on the following test parameters: temperature; stress; notch depth; and specimen geometry. Increasing temperature, stress, and notch depth decrease the time to failure. Material parameters, not controlled by the laboratory, that could impact the test results (time to failure) are: pigment (color or carbon black) and the carrier resin for the pigment, or both. Thus, in reporting the test time or time to failure, all the conditions of the test shall be specified.  
Note 3: Time to failure can also be affected by the degree of pigment (color or carbon black) dispersion and distribution within the test specimen. Test Method D5596 and ISO 18553 provide methods for assessing the degree of dispersion and distribution of the pigment
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
Note 1: This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.  
1.2 The test is generally performed at 80°C and at 2.4 MPa, but may also be done at temperatures below 80°C and with other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. Generally, polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80°C if the stress is below 2.4 MPa.  
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques.2 See Appendix X1 for information relating to specimens from pipe.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2018
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.40 - Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F1473 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyeth- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
ylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions speci- D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
fied within. tics
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch
Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
Test) test.
D5596 Test Method For Microscopic Evaluation of the
1.2 The test is generally performed at 80°C and at 2.4 MPa,
Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
but may also be done at temperatures below 80°C and with
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. Generally,
ISO 18553 Method for the assessment of the degree of
polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow
pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes,
crack growth at 80°C if the stress is below 2.4 MPa.
fittings and compounds
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression
2
3. Terminology
molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
specimens from pipe.
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412.
Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
unless otherwise indicated.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 brittle failure—a pipe failure mode which exhibits no
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
visible (to the naked eye) permanent material deformation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(stretching, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
break (Terminology F412).
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.3.1 slow crack growth—the slow extension of the crack
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
with time.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Test Method
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.1 Specimens are prepared from compression molded
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
plaques, precisely notched and then exposed to a constant
tensile stress at elevated temperatures in air. Time on test is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
3
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F1473 – 16. DOI: the ASTM website.
4
10.1520/F1473-18. Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
2
Lu, X., and Brown, N., “A Test for Slow Crack Growth Failure in Polyethylene Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992.
Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1473 − 18
recorded for tests conducted against a minimum time before
failure requirement or the time to complete failure is recorded.
NOTE 2—Minimum time before failure requirements are found in
material or product specifications, codes, etc.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack
growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials
at accelerated conditions such as 80°C, 2.4-MPa stress, and
with a sharp not
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1473 − 16 F1473 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack
1
Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
NOTE 1—This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.
1.2 The test is generally performed at 80°C and at 2.4 MPa, but may also be done at temperatures below 80°C and with other
stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. Generally, polyethylenes will
ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80°C if the stress is below 2.4 MPa.
2
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques. See Appendix X1 for information relating to
specimens from pipe.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets
D5596 Test Method For Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 18553 Method for the assessment of the degree of pigment or carbon black dispersion in polyolefin pipes, fittings and
compounds
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600, unless
otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 brittle failure—a pipe failure mode which exhibits no visible (to the naked eye) permanent material deformation
(stretching, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the break (Terminology F412).
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2016Feb. 1, 2018. Published August 2016March 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20132016 as
F1473 – 13.F1473 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/F1473-16.10.1520/F1473-18.
2
Lu, X., and Brown, N., “A Test for Slow Crack Growth Failure in Polyethylene Under a Constant Load,” Journal of Polymer Testing, Vol 11, pp. 309–319, 1992.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1473 − 18
3.3.1 slow crack growth—the slow extension of the crack with time.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Specimens are prepared from compression molded plaques, precisely notched and then exposed to a constant tensile stress
at elevated temperatures in air. Time on test is recorded for tests conducted against a minimum time before failure requirement or
the time to complete failure is reco
...