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ASTM D3884-22

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform Abrader Method)

Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform Abrader Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex and may be affected by a number of factors, including:  
5.1.1 The inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.1.2 The conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.  
5.1.3 Changes in the abradant during specific tests.
Note 2: The abradant must accordingly be discarded at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or discarded after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests. Similar abradants used in different laboratories will not change at the same rate, due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals.  
5.1.4 The method of evaluation, which may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.2 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a specified degree or amount of abrasion) and “durability” (defined as the ability to withstand deterioration or wearing out in use, including the effects of abrasion) are freq...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform abrader.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D3389, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, D4685, D4966, and AATCC 93. To determine the abrasion resistance of leather, refer to Test Method D7255.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—English units are used when referencing rotational speed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4158-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2020

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ASTM D3884-22 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform Abrader Method)ASTM D3884-22 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform Abrader Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3884 − 22
Standard Guide for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform
1
Abrader Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform abrader.
Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D3389, D3885, D3886, D4157,
(Uniform Abrasion)
D4158, D4685, D4966, and AATCC 93. To determine the abrasion
D4685 Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
resistance of leather, refer to Test Method D7255.
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Methods
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
standard.
Related Properties of Textiles
1.2.1 Exception—English units are used when referencing
D4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
rotational speed.
Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
(Rotary Platform, Abraser Method)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Platform Abraser
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2.2 Other Documents:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
AATCC 93 Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: Accelerotor
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3
Method
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850. For the
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
definition of breaking force, refer to Terminology D4848.
D3389 Test Method for Coated FabricsAbrasion Resistance
3.2 Definitions:
(Rotary Platform Abrader)
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
abrasion, abrasion cycle, breaking force.
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
3.2.2 resurface, v—procedure of cleaning and refreshing the
running surface of an abrasive wheel prior to use or during
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and testing.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Physical Test
3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Methods B.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved Terminology D123.
in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D3884 – 09(2017). DOI:
10.1520/D3884-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
theASTM website. www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3884 − 22
3.4 Acronyms: general, they should not be relied upon for prediction of actual
3.4.1 CAMI—Coated Abrasives Manufacturers Institute wear-life in specific end uses unless there are data showing the
specific relationship between laboratory abrasion tests and
4. Summary of Test Method
actual wear in the intended end-use.
4
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3884 − 09 (Reapproved 2017) D3884 − 22
Standard Guide for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,
1
Double-HeadPlatform Abrader Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the rotary platform, double-head tester
(RPDH). platform abrader.
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in Test Methods D3389, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158,
D4685, D4966, and AATCC 93. To determine the abrasion resistance of leather, refer to Test Method D7255.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard: the values in English units are provided as information only and
are not exact equivalents.standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—English units are used when referencing rotational speed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader)
D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
D4685 Test Method for Pile Fabric Abrasion
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Physical Test Methods,
SpecificMethods B.
Current edition approved July 15, 2017June 1, 2022. Published August 2017July 2022. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
ɛ1
D3884 – 09(2013)(2017). . DOI: 10.1520/D3884-09R17.10.1520/D3884-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3884 − 22
D4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
D7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather (Rotary Platform, Abraser Method)
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
2.2 Other Documents:
3
AATCC 93 Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: AcceleratorAccelerotor Method
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850. For the definition of
breaking force, refer to Terminology D4848.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion, abrasion cycle, breaking force.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion, abrasion cycle, breaking force.
3.2.2 resurface, v—procedure of cleaning and refreshing the running surface of an abrasive wheel prior to use or during testing.
3.3 For all other termin
...

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ASTM
ASTM D3512/D3512M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.  
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4157-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.  
5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a spe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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