ASTM D4402-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of asphalts at handling, mixing, or application temperatures.
Some asphalts may exhibit non-Newtonian behavior under the conditions of this test method, or at temperatures within the range of this test method. Since non-Newtonian viscosity values are not absolute properties, but reflect the behavior of the fluid within the particular measurement system, it should be recognized that measurements made by this test method may not always predict field performance under the conditions of use.
Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar conditions of temperature, shear rate, and shear history.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260°C (100 to 500°F) using a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in centimetre gram second (cgs) units and inch-pound units are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See for specific precautionary information.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D4402 − 06
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated
1
Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope liquid. The viscosity of a Newtonian liquid is therefore not
dependent on its shear rate. If the ratio is not constant, the
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the
liquid is non-Newtonian. Many liquids exhibit both Newtonian
apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260°C (100 to 500°F)
and non-Newtonian behavior, depending on the shear rate or
using a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled
temperature, or both.
thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.
3.1.4 shear rate, n—the measure of the speed at which the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
intermediate layers of the liquid move with respect to each
standard. The values given in centimetre gram second (cgs)
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other. Its unit of measure is the reciprocal second (sec ).
units and inch-pound units are for information only.
3.1.5 shear stress, n—the force per unit area required to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
produce the shearing action. Its SI unit of measurement is the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
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pascal, and its cgs unit of measurement is dynes/cm .
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 viscosity, n—the ratio between the applied shear stress
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and the rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 10.6 for
coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid.
specific precautionary information.
The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal second (Pa·s). The
centimetre gram second (cgs) unit of viscosity is the poise
2. Referenced Documents
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(dyne·s/cm ) and is equivalent to 0.1 Pa·s. Frequently, centi-
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
poise (cP)—equal to one millipascal second (mPa·s)—is used
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
as the viscosity unit.
Comparison Techniques
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3. Terminology 3.2.1 apparatus-measuring geometry, n—the part of the
equipment that is immersed in the asphalt sample, the dimen-
3.1 Definitions:
sions of which are used, in conjunction with the rotational
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear
resisting torque, to calculate the apparent viscosity. This
rate for a Newtonian or non-Newtonian liquid.
geometry may be referred to by the equipment manufacturer as
3.1.2 filled asphalt, n—an asphalt blend that contains finely
a spindle, bob, inner concentric cylinder, vane, and so forth.
dispersed insoluble mineral matter.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1.3 Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid for which the rate of
4.1 Arotationalviscometer,asdescribedinthistestmethod,
shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio
is used to measure the apparent viscosity of asphalt at elevated
of the shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the
temperatures. The torque on the apparatus-measuring geom-
etry, rotating in a thermostatically controlled sample holder
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
containing a sample of asphalt, is used to measure the relative
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on
resistance to rotation. The torque and speed are used to
Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
determine the viscosity of the asphalt in pascal seconds,
Roofing.
millipascal seconds, or centipoise.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4402 – 02. DOI:
5. Significance and Use
10.1520/D4402-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
viscosity of asphalts at handling, mixing, or application tem-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. peratures.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4402 − 06
5.2 Some asphalts may exhibit non-Newtonian behavior 9.3 The accuracy of the temperature reading and the tem-
under the conditions of this test method, or
...
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