ASTM D7070-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Creep of Rock Core Under Constant Stress and Temperature
Standard Test Methods for Creep of Rock Core Under Constant Stress and Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
There are many underground structures that are created for permanent or long-term use. Often, these structures are subjected to an approximately constant load. Creep tests provide quantitative parameters for stability analysis of these structures.
The deformation and strength properties of rock cores measured in the laboratory usually do not accurately reflect large-scale in situ properties, because the latter are strongly influenced by joints, faults, inhomogeneities, weakness planes, and other factors. Therefore, laboratory values for intact specimens must be employed with proper judgment in engineering applications.
Note 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the creep behavior of intact soft and hard rock core in fixed states of stress and temperature. They specify the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the strain as a function of time under sustained load. Hard rocks are those with a maximum axial strain at failure of less than 2 %. Soft rocks include such materials as salt and potash, which often exhibit very large strain at failure.
1.2 This standard replaces and combines the following Standard Test Methods now to be referred to as Methods:
Method ‘A’ (D 5341 Creep of Hard Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression at Ambient/Elevated Temperatures);
Method ‘B’ (D 4405 Creep of Soft Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression at Ambient or Elevated Temperature); and
Method ‘C’ (D 4406 Creep of Rock Core Specimens in Triaxial Compression at Ambient or Elevated Temperature).
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
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Designation: D7070 − 08
StandardTest Methods for
Creep of Rock Core Under Constant Stress and
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the creep behavior of intact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
softandhardrockcoreinfixedstatesofstressandtemperature. D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
They specify the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures
Fluids
fordeterminingthestrainasafunctionoftimeundersustained D2113Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
load. Hard rocks are those with a maximum axial strain at
Rock for Site Investigation
failure of less than 2%. Soft rocks include such materials as D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
salt and potash, which often exhibit very large strain at failure.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.2 This standard replaces and combines the following
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
Standard Test Methods now to be referred to as Methods:
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
Method ‘A’ (D5341 Creep of Hard Rock Core Specimens
D4543PracticesforPreparingRockCoreasCylindricalTest
in Uniaxial Compression at Ambient/Elevated Temperatures);
Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional
Method‘B’(D4405CreepofSoftRockCoreSpecimensin
and Shape Tolerances
Uniaxial Compression at Ambient or Elevated Temperature);
D5079Practices for Preserving andTransporting Rock Core
and
Samples
Method ‘C’ (D4406 Creep of Rock Core Specimens in
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
Triaxial Compression at Ambient or Elevated Temperature).
Data
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
Practice D6026.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,
Lot or Process
calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedto
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
3. Terminology
uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this
3.1 Refer to Terminology D653 for specific definitions.
standard is beyond its scope.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 Asectionofrockcorespecimeniscuttolength,andthe
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
ends are machined flat to produce a cylindrical test specimen.
tion only and are not considered standard.
For the Uniaxial Compression Method, the specimen is placed
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in a loading frame. For Triaxial Compression Method, the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen is placed in a triaxial loading chamber and subjected
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
toconfiningpressure.Ifrequired,thespecimenisheatedtothe
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
desired test temperature. Axial load is applied rapidly to the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
specimen and sustained. Deformation is monitored as a func-
precautionary statements, see Section 7.
tion of elapsed time.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 and is the
2
direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7070–04. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7070-08. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7070 − 08
5. Significance and Use requirementsspecifiedin10.6andshallbeabletomaintainthe
specified load within 2%. It shall be verified at suitable time
5.1 There are many underground structures that are created
intervals in accordance with the procedures given in Practices
for permanent or
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7070–04
Standard Test Method for Designation:D7070–08
Standard Test Methods for
Creep of Rock Core Under Constant Stress and
1
Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1This1.1 These test methods covers the creep behavior of intact soft and hard rock core in fixed states of stress and
temperature.ItspecifiesTheyspecifytheapparatus,instrumentation,andproceduresfordeterminingthestrainasafunctionoftime
under sustained load. Hard rocks are those with a maximum axial strain at failure of less than 2 %. Soft rocks include such
materials as salt and potash, which often exhibit very large strain at failure.
1.2 This standard replaces and combines the following Standard Test Methods now to be referred to as Methods:
Method ‘A’ (D 5341 Creep of Hard Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression at Ambient/Elevated Temperatures);
Method ‘B’(D 4405 Creep of Soft Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression atAmbient or Elevated Temperature); and
Method ‘C’ (D 4406 Creep of Rock Core Specimens in Triaxial Compression at Ambient or Elevated Temperature).
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D 6026.
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the
accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard
is beyond its scope.
1.3.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 653Standard Terminology Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 2113Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for
Site Investigation
D 2216Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock Test Methods for Laboratory
Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D 4543Practice for Preparing Rock Core Specimens and Determining Dimensional and Shape Tolerances Practices for
Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances
D 5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 7070 – 04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7070–08
D 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E 4 Practices for LoadForce Verification of Testing Machines
E 122PracticeforChoiceofSampleSizetoEstimateaMeasureofQualityforaLotorPro
...
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