ASTM D5195-14e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface by Nuclear Methods
Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface by Nuclear Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for the calculation of the in-place density of soil and rock at desired depths below the surface as opposed to surface measurements in accordance with Test Method D6938.
4.2 This test method is useful for informational and research purposes. It should only be used for quality control and acceptance testing when correlated to other accepted methods such as Test Method D2937.
4.3 The non-destructive nature of the test method allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location for statistical analysis and to monitor changes over time.
4.4 The fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are that Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption are the dominant interactions of the gamma rays with the material under test.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the density of soil and rock by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the gamma source and the gamma detector are placed at the desired depth in a bored hole lined by an access tube.
1.1.1 For limitations see Section 5 on Interference.
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is calculated by comparing the detected rate of gamma radiation with previously established calibration data (see Annex A1).
1.3 A precision statement has not been developed for this standard at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes unless correlated to other accepted ASTM standards.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7, “Hazards.”
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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´1
Designation: D5195 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface
1
by Nuclear Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected units of measurement statement in June 2021.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the density of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
soil and rock by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7,
gamma source and the gamma detector are placed at the
“Hazards.”
desired depth in a bored hole lined by an access tube.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.1.1 For limitations see Section 5 on Interference.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
under test, is calculated by comparing the detected rate of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
gamma radiation with previously established calibration data
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(see Annex A1).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 A precision statement has not been developed for this
2. Referenced Documents
standard at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
purposes unless correlated to other accepted ASTM standards.
Fluids
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling
as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
3
by Auger Borings
information only and are not considered standard.
D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
D6026.
Rock for Site Exploration
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected,
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
Drive-Cylinder Method
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
D4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Test-
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
ing
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
D5220/D5220M Test Method for Water Mass per Unit
methods for engineering design.
Volume of Soil and Rock In-Place by the Neutron Depth
Probe Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Data
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
2
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Construction Control Tests. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5195 – 08. DOI: the ASTM website.
3
10.1520/D5195-14E01. Replace with continuous flight and hollowstream methods when available.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D5195 − 14
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D6938 TestMethodsforIn-Place
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5195 − 14 D5195 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface
1
by Nuclear Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected units of measurement statement in June 2021.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the density of soil and rock by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the gamma
source and the gamma detector are placed at the desired depth in a bored hole lined by an access tube.
1.1.1 For limitations see Section 5 on Interference.
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is calculated by comparing the detected rate of gamma
radiation with previously established calibration data (see Annex A1).
1.3 A precision statement has not been developed for this standard at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used for
acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes unless correlated to other accepted ASTM standards.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units values given in parentheses are
provided for information only and may be approximate.are not considered standard.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7, “Hazards.”
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and Construction
Control Tests.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5195 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D5195-14.10.1520/D5195-14E01.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D5195 − 14
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3
D1452D1452/D1452M Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D1587D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site Exploration
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-Cylinder Method
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing
D5220D5220/D5220M Test Method for Water Mass per Unit Volume of Soil and Rock In-Place by the Neutron Depth Probe
Method
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Dig
...
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