ASTM D1754/D1754M-09(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150°C [302°F] as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150°C [302°F] level, more or less effect on properties will occur.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects of heat and air on a film of semisolid asphaltic materials. The effects of this treatment are determined from measurements of selected asphalt properties before and after the test.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Designation: D1754/D1754M − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film
Oven Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1754/D1754M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
of heat and air on a film of semisolid asphaltic materials. The
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Asphalt Materials
effects of this treatment are determined from measurements of
D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
selected asphalt properties before and after the test.
D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Capillary Viscometer
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
with the standard.
Construction Materials Testing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
States Environmental ProtectionAgency and many state agen-
Ventilation Ovens
cies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-
system,kidneyandliverdamage.Mercury,oritsvapor,maybe
tance Thermometers
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should
be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing
3. Summary of Test Method
products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet
3.1 Afilm of asphaltic material is heated in an oven for 5 h
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/
at 163°C [325°F]. The effects of heat and air are determined
mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should
from changes incurred in physical properties measured before
be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing
andaftertheoventreatment.Anoptionalprocedureisprovided
products into your state may be prohibited by state law.
for determining the change in sample mass.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Precisionvaluesforthemethodhavebeendevelopedfor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
viscosity, viscosity change, penetration change, mass change,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and ductility.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Significance and Use
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150°C
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
[302°F] as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150°C
[302°F] level, more or less effect on properties will occur.
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 on
Durability and Distillation Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1754/D1754M – 09. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1754_D1754M-09R14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1754/D1754M − 09 (2014)
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure
shall be used for determining the test temperature. The 13C
and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.
thermometer, if used, shall be supported from the shaft of the
Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally
circular shelf in a vertical position at a point equidistant from
considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling.
the center and outer edge of the shelf. The bottom of the
thermometer bulb shall be 40 mm [1.5 in.] above the top of the
5. Apparatus
shelf.Thethermometershallberadiallycenteredoverasample
5.1 Oven—The oven shall be electrically heated and shall
container position. If a PRTor RTD is used for determining the
conform to the performance requirements of Specification
test temperature, it shall be independent of the oven tempera-
E145, Type IB (Gravity-Convection), for operating tempera-
ture control system and the tip of the measuring sensor shall be
tures up to 180°C [356°F]. During the tests for compliance to
positioned 40 mm [1.5 in.] above the top of the shelf and
Specification E145 requirements, the oven shelf, properly
centered over the arc of the rotating pans. Thermometric
centered as described in 5.1.2 shall be in place and rotating.
devices shall be calibrated when initially installed, and their
5.1.1 Construction—Theovenshallberectangular,andeach
accuracy at 163°C [325°F] shall be verified at least annually
interior dimension (exclusive of space occupied by the heating
thereafter.
element) shall be a minimum of 330 mm [13 in.] and a
maximum of 535 mm [21 in.]. The oven shall have, in front, a 5.3 Container—Cylindrical pans, 140 6 1 mm [5.5 6 0.04
3 1
tightly fitted hinged door, which shall provide a clear opening in.] in inside diameter and 9.5 6 1.5 mm [ ⁄8 6 ⁄16 in.] deep
substantially the same as the interior height and width of the with a flat bottom. Fifty millilitres of the sample in this size
oven. The door may contain a window with dimensions of at container give a film thickness of approximately 3.2 mm [ ⁄8
least 100 by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.] and with two sheets of glass in.].Pansshallbemadeofstainlesssteelandshallhaveametal
separated by an air space, through which a vertical thickness of approximately 0.64 mm [0.025 in.].
thermometer, located as specified in 5.2, may be read without
NOTE 2—Pans have a tendency to become warped or bent with use.
opening the door; or the oven may be provided with an inner
Although tests indicate that a small amount of warping does not
glassdoor,throughwhichthethermometermaybeobservedon
significantly affect results, frequent inspection to eliminate warped or
opening the outer door momentarily. The oven shall be
damaged pans is advisable. The indicated metal thickness has been found
to provide adequate rigidity without excessive weight. Stainless steel pans
adequately ventilated by convection currents of air and for this
manufactured from 0.6-mm thick [No. 24] stainless sheet gauge steel
purpose shall be provided with openings for the entrance of air
comply with the recommended thickness. Pans made from 0.48 mm-thick
and for the exit of heated air and vapors. Openings may be of
[No. 26] stainless sheet gauge metal are also acceptable but have a greater
any size and arrangement provided the requirements of Speci-
tendency to warp during use.
fication E145, Type IB, are met.
5.4 Balance—A balance conforming to the requirements of
5.1.2 Rotating Shelf—The oven shall be provided with a
guide D4753, Class G2.
single metal circular shelf having a minimum diameter of 250
mm [9.8 in.] and a maximum diameter of 450 mm [18 in.].The
6. Preparation of Oven
shelf construction shall be such that it provides a flat surface
forsupportofthecontainerswithoutblockingallaircirculation
6.1 Ensure that the thermometric device tip is positioned 40
through the shelf when the containers are in place. The shelf
mm [1.5 in.] above the top of the shelf and centered over the
shall be suspended by a vertical shaft and centered with respect
arc of the rotating pans.
to the horizontal interior dimensions of the oven and shall be
6.2 Ensure the oven is level so that the shelf rotates in a
provided with a mechanical means of rotating it at the rate of
horizontal plane.The maximum tilt during rotation shall not be
5.5 6 1.0 r/min. The preferred vertical position for the shelf is
more than 3° from the horizontal.
150 mm [6 in.] above the bottom of the oven (exclusive of
space occupied by the heating element), and the shelf shall be
6.3 Preheat oven for a minimum of two hours prior to
located as close to this position as permitted by compliance
testing, with the control setting adjusted to the setting that will
withtherequirementsof5.2regardingthermometerplacement.
be used during the test. The setting shall be selected such that
The shelf shall be constructed or marked in such a way that the
whentheovenisfullyloaded,theovenwillequilibrateat163.0
sample containers can be placed in the same position during
6 1°C [325 6 2°F].
each test. There shall be a minimum of two and a maximum of
NOTE3—Removingsamplecontainerswillaffectconvectionpatternsin
six sample container positions. Each sample container position
the oven, and may cause the temperature reading to change from the
shall be symmetrical with respect to the shaft and to any holes
desired reading. This is normal, and occurs because the thermometric
in the shelf. The number of sample container positions shall be
device is not in the same location as the temperature control sensor.
the maximum that will fit on the shelf without violating the
Replacing the containers should cause the temperature reading to return to
the original reading.
above requirements and without excessive overhang.
5.2 Thermometric Device—An ASTM Loss on Heat Ther-
7. Preparation of Samples
mometer having a range from 155 to 170°C and conforming to
the requirements for Thermometer 13C, as prescribed in 7.1 Place sufficient material for the test in a suitable
Specification E1, or a Grade A platinum resistance container and heat to a fluid condition. Extreme care should be
thermometer, commonly known as a PRT or an RTD (or both), taken so that there is no local overheating of the sample and
conforming to Specification E1137/E1137M, connected to a that the highest temperature reached is not more than 163°C
meter readable to 0.1°, and verified accurate at 163°C [325°F], [325°F]. Stir the sample during the heating period, but avoid
D1754/D1754M − 09 (2014)
incorporating air bubbles in the sample. Transfer 50 6 0.5 g within 5 min of the removal of the initial pan. Stir the
into each of two or more tared containers meeting the require- combined residues thoroughly, in a semi fluid state, until
ments of 5.3. homogenous. If needed, heat the combined residues in the
covered metal container in an oven at a temperature not
7.2 At the same time, pour a portion of the sample into the
exceeding 163°C [325°F]. Complete the tests on residue by
containers specified for measurement of original asphalt prop-
appropriateASTM Test Methods D5, D2170,or D2171 within
erties. Complete the tests by appropriate ASTM Test Methods
72 h of performing this test.
D5, D2170,or D2171.
NOTE7—Careshouldbetakenifthesampleisreheated,sinceexcessive
7.3 If the quantitative value of the mass change is desired,
reheating can affect the apparent severity of the test.
cool the samples for the oven test to room temperature and
determine the mass of each sample separately to the nearest
9. Report
0.001 g. If the mass change is not required, allow the samples
9.1 Report the values of the original asphalt properties
to cool to approximately room temperature before placing in
measured in 7.2 and the residue property values as measured in
the oven as directed in 8.1.
8.3. Viscosity change may also be expressed as the ratio of the
8. Procedure residual asphalt viscosity to the original asphalt viscosity.
Penetration change is evaluated as the penetration of the
8.1 With the oven preheated and adjusted as described in
residue expressed as the percentage of the original penetration.
6.3, quickly place the asphalt samples in the predetermined
9.2 Report ductility or other test results in accordance with
sample container positions on the circular shelf (Note 4 and
Note 5). Fill any vacant positions with empty sample the appropriate ASTM test methods.
containers, so that every sample container position is occupied.
9.3 Whendetermined,reporttheaveragemasschangeofthe
Close the oven door and start rotating the shelf. Maintain the
material in all containers as mass percent of the original
specified temperature range for 5 h after the sample has been
material. A mass loss shall be reported as a negative number,
introduced and the oven has again reached that temperature.
while a mass gain shall be reported as a positive number.
The 5-h period shall start when the temperature reaches 162°C
NOTE8—Thistestcanresultineitheramasslossoramassgain.During
[323°F] and in no case shall the total time that a sample is in
thetest,volatilecomponentsevaporate(causingadecreaseinmass),while
the oven be more than 5 ⁄4 h. At the conclusion of the heating
oxygen reacts with the sample (causing an increase in mass). The
period, remove the samples from the oven. If the mass change
combined effect determines whether the sample has an overall mass gain
is not being determined, proceed in accordance with 8.3.Ifthe or an overall mass loss. Samples with a very low percentage of volatile
components will usually exhibit a mass gain, while samples with a high
mass change is being determined, cool to room temperature,
percentage of volatile components will usually exhibit a mass loss.
determine the mass to the nearest 0.001 g, and calculate the
NOTE 9—If a skin formation is noted during testing, it should be
mass change on the basis of the asphalt in each container (Note
incl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1754/D1754M − 09 D1754/D1754M − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film
Oven Test)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1754/D1754M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects of heat and air on a film of semisolid asphaltic materials. The effects
of this treatment are determined from measurements of selected asphalt properties before and after the test.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies
as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous
to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the
applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm—for
additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be
prohibited by state law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials
D113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials
D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens)
D2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A film of asphaltic material is heated in an oven for 5 h at 163°C [325°F]. The effects of heat and air are determined from
changes incurred in physical properties measured before and after the oven treatment. An optional procedure is provided for
determining the change in sample mass.
3.2 Precision values for the method have been developed for viscosity, viscosity change, penetration change, mass change, and
ductility.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 on Durability
and Distillation Tests.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009June 1, 2014. Published July 2009November 2014. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
D1754 – 97 (2002).D1754/D1754M – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D1754_D1754M-09.10.1520/D1754_D1754M-09R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1754/D1754M − 09 (2014)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150°C [302°F]
as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as
incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150°C [302°F] level, more or less effect on
properties will occur.
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the
capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable
of competent and objective testing and sampling.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Oven—The oven shall be electrically heated and shall conform to the performance requirements of Specification E145, Type
IB (Gravity-Convection), for operating temperatures up to 180°C [356°F]. During the tests for compliance to Specification E145
requirements, the oven shelf, properly centered as described in 5.1.2 shall be in place and rotating.
5.1.1 Construction—The oven shall be rectangular, and each interior dimension (exclusive of space occupied by the heating
element) shall be a minimum of 330 mm [13 in.] and a maximum of 535 mm [21 in.]. The oven shall have, in front, a tightly fitted
hinged door, which shall provide a clear opening substantially the same as the interior height and width of the oven. The door may
contain a window with dimensions of at least 100 by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.] and with two sheets of glass separated by an air space,
through which a vertical thermometer, located as specified in 5.2, may be read without opening the door; or the oven may be
provided with an inner glass door, through which the thermometer may be observed on opening the outer door momentarily. The
oven shall be adequately ventilated by convection currents of air and for this purpose shall be provided with openings for the
entrance of air and for the exit of heated air and vapors. Openings may be of any size and arrangement provided the requirements
of Specification E145, Type IB, are met.
5.1.2 Rotating Shelf—The oven shall be provided with a single metal circular shelf having a minimum diameter of 250 mm [9.8
in.] and a maximum diameter of 450 mm [18 in.]. The shelf construction shall be such that it provides a flat surface for support
of the containers without blocking all air circulation through the shelf when the containers are in place. The shelf shall be
suspended by a vertical shaft and centered with respect to the horizontal interior dimensions of the oven and shall be provided with
a mechanical means of rotating it at the rate of 5.5 6 1.0 r/min. The preferred vertical position for the shelf is 150 mm [6 in.] above
the bottom of the oven (exclusive of space occupied by the heating element), and the shelf shall be located as close to this position
as permitted by compliance with the requirements of 5.2 regarding thermometer placement. The shelf shall be constructed or
marked in such a way that the sample containers can be placed in the same position during each test. There shall be a minimum
of two and a maximum of six sample container positions. Each sample container position shall be symmetrical with respect to the
shaft and to any holes in the shelf. The number of sample container positions shall be the maximum that will fit on the shelf without
violating the above requirements and without excessive overhang.
5.2 Thermometric Device—An ASTM Loss on Heat Thermometer having a range from 155 to 170°C and conforming to the
requirements for Thermometer 13C, as prescribed in Specification E1, or a Grade A platinum resistance thermometer, commonly
known as a PRT or an RTD (or both), conforming to Specification E1137/E1137M, connected to a meter readable to 0.1°, and
verified accurate at 163°C [325°F], shall be used for determining the test temperature. The 13C thermometer, if used, shall be
supported from the shaft of the circular shelf in a vertical position at a point equidistant from the center and outer edge of the shelf.
The bottom of the thermometer bulb shall be 40 mm [1.5 in.] above the top of the shelf. The thermometer shall be radially centered
over a sample container position. If a PRT or RTD is used for determining the test temperature, it shall be independent of the oven
temperature control system and the tip of the measuring sensor shall be positioned 40 mm [1.5 in.] above the top of the shelf and
centered over the arc of the rotating pans. Thermometric devices shall be calibrated when initially installed, and their accuracy at
163°C [325°F] shall be verified at least annually thereafter.
3 1
5.3 Container—Cylindrical pans, 140 6 1 mm [5.5 6 0.04 in.] in inside diameter and 9.5 6 1.5 mm [ ⁄8 6 ⁄16 in.] deep with
a flat bottom. Fifty millilitres of the sample in this size container give a film thickness of approximately 3.2 mm [ ⁄8 in.]. Pans shall
be made of stainless steel and shall have a metal thickness of approximately 0.64 mm [0.025 in.].
NOTE 2—Pans have a tendency to become warped or bent with use. Although tests indicate that a small amount of warping does not significantly affect
results, frequent inspection to eliminate warped or damaged pans is advisable. The indicated metal thickness has been found to provide adequate rigidity
without excessive weight. Stainless steel pans manufactured from 0.6-mm thick [No. 24] stainless sheet gauge steel comply with the recommended
thickness. Pans made from 0.48 mm-thick [No. 26] stainless sheet gauge metal are also acceptable but have a greater tendency to warp during use.
5.4 Balance—A balance conforming to the requirements of guide D4753, Class G2.
6. Preparation of Oven
6.1 Ensure that the thermometric device tip is positioned 40 mm [1.5 in.] above the top of the shelf and centered over the arc
of the rotating pans.
6.2 Ensure the oven is level so that the shelf rotates in a horizontal plane. The maximum tilt during rotation shall not be more
than 3° from the horizontal.
D1754/D1754M − 09 (2014)
6.3 Preheat oven for a minimum of two hours prior to testing, with the control setting adjusted to the setting that will be used
during the test. The setting shall be selected such that when the oven is fully loaded, the oven will equilibrate at 163.0 6 1°C [325
6 2°F].
NOTE 3—Removing sample containers will affect convection patterns in the oven, and may cause the temperature reading to change from the desired
reading. This is normal, and occurs because the thermometric device is not in the same location as the temperature control sensor. Replacing the containers
should cause the temperature reading to return to the original reading.
7. Preparation of Samples
7.1 Place sufficient material for the test in a suitable container and heat to a fluid condition. Extreme care should be taken so
that there is no local overheating of the sample and that the highest temperature reached is not more than 163°C [325°F]. Stir the
sample during the heating period, but avoid incorporating air bubbles in the sample. Transfer 50 6 0.5 g into each of two or more
tared containers meeting the requirements of 5.3.
7.2 At the same time, pour a portion of the sample into the containers specified for measurement of original asphalt properties.
Complete the tests by appropriate ASTM Test Methods D5, D2170, or D2171.
7.3 If the quantitative value of the mass change is desired, cool the samples for the oven test to room temperature and determine
the mass of each sample separately to the nearest 0.001 g. If the mass change is not required, allow the samples to cool to
approximately room temperature before placing in the oven as directed in 8.1.
8. Procedure
8.1 With the oven preheated and adjusted as described in 6.3, quickly place the asphalt samples in the predetermined sample
container positions on the circular shelf (Note 4 and Note 5). Fill any vacant positions with empty sample containers, so that every
sample container position is occupied. Close the oven door and start rotating the shelf. Maintain the specified temperature range
for 5 h after the sample has been introduced and the oven has again reached that temperature. The 5-h period shall start when the
temperature reaches 162°C [323°F] and in no case shall the total time that a sample is in the oven be more than 5 ⁄4 h. At the
conclusion of the heating period, remove the samples from the oven. If the mass change is not being determined, proceed in
accordance with 8.3. If the mass change is being determined, cool to room temperature, determine the mass to the nearest 0.001
g, and calculate the mass change on the basis of the asphalt in each container (Note 6).
NOTE 4—Materials having different mass change characteristics should not generally be tested at the same time due to the possibility of
cross-absorption.
NOTE 5—This test method does not prohibit placing an asphalt sample in the position under the mercury thermometer. However, it is recommended
that this position not be used for a sample, and that an empty pan remain in this position, in order to minimize the risk associated with thermometer
breakage.
NOTE 6—When complete tests cannot be made in the same day, and if the mass change is being determined, determine the masses of the residues and
store them overnight before reheating. If the mass change is not being determined, transfer the residue to the 240-mL [8-oz] container as described in
8.3 before storing overnight.
8.2 After determining the mass of the samples, place them on a refractory-board and then on the shelf of the oven maintained
at 163°C [325°F]. Close the oven and rotate the shelf for 15 min and immediately proceed as described in 8.3.
8.3 Remove each pan individually and transfer the contents by pouring and scraping into a seamless metal container of
approximately 240-mL [8-oz] capacity. Remove substantially all of the material from the pans by scraping with a suitable tool such
as a spatula or putty knife. While the residue is being removed from each pan, the oven door shall remain closed, with the heater
power on, and the remaining samples rotating on the shelf. The final pan shall be removed from the oven within 5 min of the
removal of the initial pan. Stir the combined residues thoroughly, in a semi fluid state, until homo
...
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