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ASTM F1498-08(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings

Standard Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes requirements for dimensions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic pipe and fittings. The type of pipe threads are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the thread series symbols as follows. For left-hand threads add LH to the designation, otherwise right-hand threads will be understood. Different physical properties of pipe threads such as form, dimensions, angle, truncation, height, sealing capacity, and tightness shall be in accordance with the requirements specified. The gages have two types which may be used to completely cover gage requirements: (1) master gages used to check working gages; and (2) working gages used to check threads during manufacture and for conformance inspection. Both external and internal taper threads shall be gaged.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for dimensions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic pipe and fittings.  
1.2 Threads meeting this specification shall only be used on those plastic materials deemed suitable by the manufacturer.  
1.3 Specialty threads or threads not requiring a leak-tight joint are not covered in this specification.  
Note 1: The terms “wrench makeup” and “wrench tight” are standard terminology for tightness and do not imply using a pipe wrench or other tools which would damage plastic pipe and fittings. The terms “hand-tight” and “hand-tight engagement” refer only to thread gaging (not pipe and fitting connections) and is the definition of the L1 gage length.  
1.4 Thread Designations—The type of pipe threads included in this specification are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the thread series symbols as follows in accordance with ANSI/ASME B 1.20.1: 3/8-18 NPT. For left-hand threads add LH to the end of the designation, otherwise right-hand threads will be understood. For example: 3/8-18 NPT-LH.  
1.4.1 Each of these letters in the symbol has a definite significance as follows:    
N  
=  
National (American Standard)    
P  
=  
Pipe    
T  
=  
Taper    
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.2.1 and 8.3.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
Technical Committee
F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
Drafting Committee
F17.10 - Fittings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Refers
ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM F412-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM F412-16a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
15-Nov-2016
Refers
ASTM F412-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM F412-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Jun-2015
Refers
ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Refers
ASTM D1600-14 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2014
Refers
ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Refers
ASTM D1600-13 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2013
Refers
ASTM F412-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
15-Feb-2013
Refers
ASTM F412-12 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Refers
ASTM E177-10 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010

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ASTM F1498-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsASTM F1498-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
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ASTM F1498-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F1498 −08 (Reapproved 2020) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for dimen-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic
pipe and fittings.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Threads meeting this specification shall only be used on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
those plastic materials deemed suitable by the manufacturer.
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
1.3 Specialty threads or threads not requiring a leak-tight
tics
joint are not covered in this specification.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
NOTE 1—The terms “wrench makeup” and “wrench tight” are standard
F412Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
terminology for tightness and do not imply using a pipe wrench or other
tools which would damage plastic pipe and fittings. The terms “hand-
2.2 ASME Standards:
tight” and “hand-tight engagement” refer only to thread gaging (not pipe
B1.20.1Pipe Threads, General Purpose (inch)
and fitting connections) and is the definition of the L gage length.
B1.7 Nomenclature, Definitions and Letter Symbols for
1.4 ThreadDesignations—Thetypeofpipethreadsincluded 3
Screw Threads
in this specification are designated by specifying in sequence
B47.1Gage Blanks
the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the
thread series symbols as follows in accordance with ANSI/
3. Terminology
ASME B 1.20.1: ⁄8-18 NPT. For left-hand threads add LH to
3.1 Terminology is in accordance with Terminology F412
theendofthedesignation,otherwiseright-handthreadswillbe
and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600,
understood. For example: ⁄8-18 NPT-LH.
unless otherwise indicated.
1.4.1 Each of these letters in the symbol has a definite
3.2 Nomenclature, definitions, and letter symbols for screw
significance as follows:
threads are in accordance with ASME/ANSI B1.7.
N = National (American Standard)
P = Pipe
T = Taper
4. American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread Form
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Thread Form—The form of thread profile specified in
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
this specification shall be known as the American National
this standard.
Standard Taper Pipe Thread Form. The relations as specified
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the herein, for form of thread and general notations are shown in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Fig. 1.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Angle of Thread—The angle between the sides of the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
thread is 60° when measured in an axial plane. The line
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bisecting this angle is perpendicular to the axis.
For specific precautionary statements, see 7.2.1 and 8.3.
4.3 Truncation and Thread Height—The height of the sharp
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
V thread, H, is as follows:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.10 on Fittings. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
ɛ1
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1498–12 . DOI: International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
10.1520/F1498-08R20 www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1498−08 (2020)
H = 0.866025p = height of 60° sharp V thread β = 1° 47 min. = thread taper angle for ⁄16 taper
h = 0.800000p = height of thread on product f = depth of truncation at crest
c
p =1/n = pitch (measured parallel to axis) f = depth of truncation at root
r
n = number of threads per inch F = width of flat at crest
c
α = 30° = thread flank angle F = width of flat at root
r
NOTE 1—For a symmetrical straight screw thread, H = cot α/2n. For a symmetrical taper screw thread, H = (cot α − tan β tan α)/2n, so that the exact
value for anAmerican National Standard Taper Pipe Thread is H = 0.865743p as against H = 0.866025p, the value given above. For an 8-pitch thread,
which is the coarsest standard taper pipe thread pitch, the corresponding values of H are 0.108218 and 0.108253 respectively, the difference being
0.000035 in. This difference being too small to be significant, the value of H = 0.866025p continues in use for threads of 0.750 in., or less, taper/ft on
the diameter.
FIG. 1Basic Form of American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread
H 50.866025p 50.866025/n (1) h 50.800p 50.800/n (2)
where:
The crest and root of pipe threads are truncated a minimum
p = pitch of thread, and
of 0.033p. Maximum truncation for the crest and root of these
n = threads per inch.
pipe threads is in Table 1. The crests and roots of the external
and internal threads may be truncated either parallel to the
4.3.1 The basic maximum height of the truncated thread, h
pitchlineorparalleltotheaxis.ThesketchesinTables2-6give
(seeFig.1)isbasedonfactorsenteringintothemanufactureof
cutting tools and the making of tight joints. a sectional view of this standard thread form, which represents
F1498−08 (2020)
A
TABLE 1 Limits on Crest and Root Truncation of American National Standard External and Internal Taper Pipe Threads, NPT
Threads/ Height of
Truncation (f) Equivalent Width of Flat (F)
Height of Thread
in. Sharp V
(h)
Min Max Tolerance Min Max Tolerance
(n) Thread (H)
Max Min Formula Inch Formula Inch Formula Inch Formula Inch
123456789 10 11 12 13 14
27 0.03208 0.02963 0.02496 0.033p 0.0012 0.096p 0.0036 0.0024 0.038p 0.0014 0.111p 0.0041 0.0027
18 0.04811 0.04444 0.03833 0.033p 0.0018 0.088p 0.0049 0.0031 0.038p 0.0021 0.102p 0.0057 0.0036
14 0.06186 0.05714 0.05071 0.033p 0.0024 0.078p 0.0056 0.0032 0.038p 0.0027 0.090p 0.0064 0.0037
11.5 0.07531 0.06957 0.06261 0.033p 0.0029 0.073p 0.0063 0.0034 0.038p 0.0033 0.084p 0.0073 0.0040
8 0.10825 0.10000 0.09275 0.033p 0.0041 0.062p 0.0078 0.0037 0.038p 0.0048 0.072p 0.0090 0.0042
A
The basic dimensions of the American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread are given in inches to four and five decimal places. While this implies a greater degree of
precision than is ordinarily attained, these dimensions are so expressed for the purpose of eliminating errors in computations.
TABLE 2 ABS, CPVC, and PVC Reference Information
cut with a tap or die. The depth of chamfer shall be from ⁄4to
Nominal Pipe Minimum Wall-Thickness, in. Minimum Hub-Diameter, in. 1 ⁄4thread deep (see Fig. 2(a)). Feathered starts are prone to
Size, in.
crossing and mutilation and shall not be molded.
Schedule 80 DWV Schedule 40 Schedule 80
Pipe and DWV
4.5 Thread Starts—Molded—Internal and external molded
⁄8 0.095 . . . 0.526 0.645
⁄4 0.119 . . . 0.672 0.840 threads shall begin with a taper or blunt start. A pilot shall be
⁄8 0.126 . . . 0.821 1.000
provided from the face of the fitting and at the entering end of
⁄2 0.147 . . . 0.998 1.280
theexternalthreads;itshallhavealengthtothestart(flank)of
⁄4 0.154 . . . 1.221 1.450
1 3
1 0.179 . . . 1.504 1.810 the first thread, equal to ⁄2to ⁄4the width of the thread pitch,
1 ⁄4 0.191 0.100 1.871 2.200 1
1to1 ⁄4threadpitchtothecenterline.(Threadpitchequalsone
1 ⁄2 0.200 0.088 2.127 2.450
turn; see Fig. 2(b) and Fig. 2(c).)The pilot shall be included in
2 0.218 0.066 2.634 3.000
2 ⁄2 0.276 . . . 3.170 3.560 the measurement of the thread length.
3 0.300 0.086 3.841 4.250
4.5.1 Taperstartsonthefirstthreadareformedbythethread
3 ⁄2 0.318 . . . 4.374 . . .
rising from the minimum to maximum diameter while main-
4 0.337 0.104 4.907 5.350
5 0.375 . . . 6.039 . . .
taining the 60° thread profile (see Fig. 2(b)).The length of rise
6 0.432 . . . 7.203 7.625
shall not exceed ⁄8turn (45°).
8 0.500 . . . 9.320 . . .
10 0.593 . . . 11.614 . . . 4.5.2 Bluntstartsonthefirstthreadareformedbythethread
12 0.687 . . . 13.786 . . .
rising from the minimum to maximum diameter while main-
taining the 60° thread profile (see Fig. 2(c)).The length of rise
shallnotbegreaterthantwicethethreadheight.Thebluntstart
is the preferred thread start.
the truncated thread form by a straight line. However, when
closely examined, the crests and roots of molded pipe threads
4.6 Plastic Threads—General—The minimum wall thick-
appear slightly rounded.
ness (see Table 2) for the threaded portion of a plastic pipe or
4.4 Thread Starts—Machined—Feathered starts are pro- fitting depends upon the material and the application. For
duced by a 45° chamfer on the first thread when the thread is pressureratedpipe,reducethepressureratingforthreadedpipe
F1498−08 (2020)
A
TABLE 3 Basic Dimensions of American National Standard Taper Thread, NPT
NOTE 1—Wrench makeup modified for plastic.
Hand-tight Gage Engagement Effective Thread, External
Nominal Outside Pitch Diameter at
Threads/in. Pitch of Thread
B D
Pipe Size, Diameter of Beginning of Ex- Length (L ) C Length (L )
1 Diameter 2 Diameter
(n) (P)
in. Pipe (D) ternal Thread (E ) (E )
0 (E )
Inch Threads Inch Threads 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 789 10 11
⁄16 0.3125 27 0.03704 0.27118 0.160 4.32 0.28118 0.2611 7.05 0.28750
⁄8 0.405 27 0.03704 0.36351 0.1615 4.36 0.37360 0.2639 7.12 0.38000
⁄4 0.540 18 0.05556 0.47739 0.2278 4.10 0.49163 0.4018 7.23 0.50250
⁄8 0.675 18 0.05556 0.61201 0.240 4.32 0.62701 0.4078 7.34 0.63750
⁄2 0.840 14 0.07143 0.75843 0.320 4.48 0.77843 0.5337 7.47 0.79179
⁄4 1.050 14 0.07143 0.96768 0.339 4.75 0.98887 0.5457 7.64 1.00179
1 1.315 11.5 0.08696 1.21363 0.400 4.60 1.23863 0.6828 7.85 1.25630
1 ⁄4 1.660 11.5 0.08696 1.55713 0.420 4.83 1.58338 0.7068 8.13 1.60130
1 ⁄2 1.900 11.5 0.08696 1.79609 0.420 4.83 1.82234 0.7235 8.32 1.84130
2 2.375 11.5 0.08696 2.26902 0.436 5.01 2.29627 0.7565 8.70 2.31630
2 ⁄2 2.875 8 0.12500 2.71953 0.682 5.46 2.76216 1.1375 9.10 2.79062
3 3.500 8 0.12500 3.34062 0.766 6.13 3.38850 1.2000 9.60 3.41562
3 ⁄2 4.000 8 0.12500 3.83750 0.821 6.57 3.88881 1.2500 10.00 3.91562
4 4.500 8 0.12500 4.33438 0.844 6.75 4.38712 1.3000 10.40 4.41562
5 5.563 8 0.12500 5.39073 0.937 7.50 5.44929 1.4063 11.25 5.47862
6 6.625 8 0.12500 6.44609 0.958 7.66 6.50597 1.5125 12.10 6.54062
8 8.625 8 0.12500 8.43359 1.063 8.50 8.50003 1.7125 13.70 8.54062
10 10.750 8 0.12500 10.54531 1.210 9.68 10.62094 1.9250 15.40 10.66562
12 12.750 8 0.12500 12.53281 1.360 10.88 12.61781 2.1250 17.00 12.66562
A
The basic dimensions of the American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread are given in inches to four or five decimal places. While this implies a greater degree of
precision than is ordinarily attained, these dimensions are the basis of gage dimensions and are so expressed for the purpose of eliminating errors in computations.
B
Also length of thin ring gage and length from gaging notch to small end of plug gage.
C
Also pitch diameter at gaging notch (hand-tight plane).
D
Also length of plug gage.
are recommended by the manufacturer, may not be compatible with some
by one-half (50 %) that of unthreaded pipe. Some pressure
plastics.
rated pipe materials (for example, PP and PE) are not recom-
mended for threaded applications. If the wall thickness is not 4.8 Thread Tightness—Wrench Makeup—Some lubricants
specified in a pipe or fitting standard, the manufacturer must (PTFE pastes, silicones, etc.) will provide added lubricity,
determine the appropriate wall thickness. which can result in more finger-tight engagement than with
sealants. The maximum recommended tightness is two turns
4.7 Sealing—Where pressure-tight or leak-tight non-
past finger tight for both internal and external threads. Over
pressure joints are required, it is intended that taper pipe
tighteningofinternalthreadswillproducehoopstressesgreater
threadsconformingtothisspecificationbemadeupwithPTFE
than plastic can withstand, resulting in split fittings.
(polytetrafluoroethylene or equivalent) tape or a chemically
compatible a sealant-lubricant. Conventional pipe-thread
NOTE 3—When assembling metal and plastic threads, the preferred
method is plastic external (male) threads to metal internal (female)
compounds, putty, linseed oil-base products, and unknown
threads. Cyclic heating and cooling may result in dripping leaks.
mixtures shall not be used.
NOTE4—WhenPTFEtapeisusedtosealthethreads,wraptheexternal
NOTE 2—Some TFE-fluorocarbon-paste compounds, even though they threads with 2 to 3 layers.
F1498−08 (2020)
TABLE 3 Basic Dimensions of American National Standard Taper Thread, NPT (continued)
Wrench Makeup Length for
Basic
Length, L Plane to L A
1 2 B
Internal Thread
Overall
Increase in Minor
Plane External Thread Nominal Complete
Nominal
Length
Vanish Thread (V)
Diameter C Height of Diameter Diameter
(L −L ) External Thread
Pipe Size, 2 1 Length (L ) External
(E ) Thread (h) per Thread at Small
Thread
in.
(0.0625/n) End of
(L )
4 Length (L )Diameter
Inch Thread Inch Thread Inch Thread
Pipe (K )
(E )
1 12131415161718192021222324
⁄16 0.1011 2.73 0.0741 2 0.26656 0.1285 3.47 0.3896 0.1870 0.28287 0.02963 0.00231 0.2416
⁄8 0.1024 2.76 0.0741 2 0.35889 0.1285 3.47 0.3924 0.1898 0.37537 0.02963 0.00231 0.3339
⁄4 0.1740 3.13 0.1111 2 0.47045 0.1928 3.47 0.5946 0.2907 0.49556 0.04444 0.00347 0.4329
⁄8 0.1678 3.02 0.1111 2 0.60507
...

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This specification covers coextruded poly(vinyl chloride) plastic pipe with a cellular core and concentric inner and outer solid layers. The pipe is produced using a multilayer coextrusion die for nonpressure use in three series: an IPS Schedule 40 series; a PS series with an iron pipe size outside diameter with varying wall thickness as required for pipe stiffness of 25, 50, and 100; and a sewer and drain series. The pipe shall comply with the minimum wall thickness, outside diameter, length, stiffness, flattening, impact strength, bond strength, and extrusion quality requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coextruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipe with a cellular core and concentric inner and outer solid layers, and is produced using a multilayer coextrusion die for nonpressure use in three series: an IPS Schedule 40 series for DWV; a PS series with an iron pipe size (IPS) outside diameter with varying wall thickness as required for pipe stiffnesses of 25, 50, and 100 for communication conduit, and a sewer and drain series.  
1.2 The function of this specification is to provide standardization of product-technical data and serve as a purchasing guide.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. The notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
Note 1: All the pipe series covered by this specification are permitted to be perforated or belled for joining by solvent cement or belled for joining by an elastomeric seal (gasket). Because this pipe is OD controlled, the inside diameter will vary, and therefore, the pipe ID is not suitable for use as a socket. (For more information see Specification D2672.)
Note 2: This standard specifies dimensional, performance and test requirements for plumbing and fluid handling applications, but does not address venting of combustion gases.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 3: Specifications related to this specification are as follows: D2665, D2729, D3034, F512, F758, and F789.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1697-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Strip for Machine Spiral-Wound Liner Pipe Rehabilitation of Existing Sewers and Conduit

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, stiffness factor, extrusion quality, and test procedures for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for machine-made field fabrication of spirally wound pipe liners in the rehabilitation of a variety of existing pipelines and conduits including sanitary sewers, storm water sewers, process flow piping, and non-circular pipelines (such as arched or oval shapes and rectangular shapes) under gravity flow conditions. Certification, packaging, and product marking for quality assurance are also considered.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide extruded PVC profile strip suitable for the field fabrication of spirally wound liner pipe for the rehabilitation of existing pipelines and conduits conveying sewage, process flow, and storm water under gravity flowconditions.
Note 3: Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant code authority since chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, stiffness factor, extrusion quality, and a form of marking for extruded poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile strips used for machine made field fabrication of spirally wound pipe liners in the rehabilitation of a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping in diameters of 6 to 180 in. and for similar sizes of non-circular pipelines such as arched or oval shapes and rectangular shapes.  
1.2 Profile strip produced to this specification is for use in field fabrication of spirally wound liner pipes in nonpressure sewer and conduit rehabilitation, where the spirally wound liner pipe is expanded until it presses against the interior surface of the existing sewer or conduit, or, alternatively, where the spirally wound liner pipe is inserted as a fixed diameter into the existing sewer or conduit and the annular space between the liner pipe and the existing sewer or conduit is grouted.  
1.3 This specification includes extruded profile strips made only from materials specified in 5.1.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2241-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water. Poly(vinyl chloride) plastics used to make pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are categorized in two criteria: short-term strength tests, and long-term strength tests. The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. The material shall conform to the required wall thickness, sustained pressure, burst pressure, flattening, extrusion quality, and impact resistance. It shall be subject to an accelerated regression test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe made in standard thermoplastic pipe dimension ratios and pressure rated for water (see appendix). Included are criteria for classifying PVC plastic pipe materials and PVC plastic pipe, a system of nomenclature for PVC plastic pipe, and requirements and test methods for materials, workmanship, dimensions, sustained pressure, burst pressure, flattening, and extrusion quality. Methods of marking are also given.  
1.2 The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the piping materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product/component manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.
Note 1: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.
Note 2: This standard specifies dimensional, performance and test requirements for plumbing and fluid handling applications, but does not address venting of combustion gases.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in Note 9.
Note 3: CPVC plastic pipe (SDR-PR), which was formerly included in this specification, is now covered by Specification F442/F442M.  
Note 4: The sustained and burst pressure test requirements, and the pressure ratings in the appendix, are calculated from stress values obtained from tests made on pipe 4 in. (100 mm) and smaller. However, tests conducted on pipe as large as 24 in. (600 mm) in diameter have shown these stress values to be valid for larger diameter PVC pipe.  
Note 5: PVC pipe made to this specification is often belled for use as line pipe. For details of the solvent cement bell, see Specification D2672 and for details of belled elastomeric joints, see Specifications D3139 and D3212.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrier...

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ASTM
ASTM F2618-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Fittings for Chemical Waste Drainage Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements of CPVC pipe, fittings and solvent cements used in chemical waste drainage systems.  
1.2 A system is made up of pipe, fittings and solvent cement that meet the requirements of this standard.
Note 1: Consult the manufacturer’s chemical resistance recommendations for chemical waste drainage applications prior to use.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and appendices that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The pressure tests described in this standard are laboratory hydrostatic tests that are intended to verify joint/system integrity. They are not intended for use as field tests of installed systems.  
1.5 Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, no such testing shall be done unless the component manufacturer gives approval in writing.
Note 2: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy, which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.  
1.6 Mechanical joints used for joining pipe and fittings of different materials are provided for in this specification. They include common flanges, couplings, and unions.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 3: This specification specifies dimensional, performance, and test requirements for fluid handling applications but does not address venting of combustion gases.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2665-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions and tolerances, pipe stiffness, crush resistance, impact resistance, hydrostatic burst resistance, and solvent cement for poly(vinyl chloride) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe and fittings. The pipe and fittings covered are suitable for the drainage and venting of sewage and certain other liquid wastes. A form of marking is also included. The pipe and fittings shall be made of virgin PVC compounds of defined specification. The pipe shall conform to the required stiffness, deflection load and flattening. The fittings shall be subject to hydrostatic burst pressure. The pipe and fittings shall be subject to impact resistance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions and tolerances, pipe stiffness, crush resistance, impact resistance, and solvent cement for poly(vinyl chloride) plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe and fittings. A form of marking is also included. Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified in Section 5 is excluded. Installation procedures are given in the Appendix.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1734-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Qualification of a Combination of Squeeze Tool, Pipe, and Squeeze-Off Procedures to Avoid Long-Term Damage in Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice relies on a screening process using visual inspection followed by 80 °C sustained pressure testing to qualify a squeeze-off process.  
4.2 Squeeze-off is widely used to temporarily control the flow of gas in PE pipe. Squeeze tools vary in squeeze bar shape and size, operating method, and available stop gaps depending on the tool manufacturer and the size of the pipe the tool will be used on. Multiple squeeze tools are required for a range of pipe size and DR combinations. Squeeze-off procedures can vary depending on the tool design, pipe material, pipe size and DR, pipe operating conditions, and pipe environmental conditions.  
4.3 Experience indicates that damage leading to gas pipe failure is possible with some combinations of polyethylene material, pipe temperature, tool design, wall compression percentage, and procedure. This practice is useful for determining the suitability of a tool for squeeze-off and for determining acceptable limits for squeeze-off such as acceptable minimum and maximum pipe temperature for squeeze and acceptable line pressure for squeeze. Tests conducted at different pipe temperatures with various sizes of tools and pipes can be used to verify a range of temperatures, tool sizes, and pipe sizes for which the squeeze-off procedure is applicable.  
4.4 The area of wrinkling at the ears on the inside diameter (ID) of the pipe and the area on the outside of the pipe opposite the ears are examined. Evidence of any one or a combination of void formation, cracks or extensive localized stress whitening, or failure during sustained pressure testing disqualifies the squeeze-off process.  
4.5 Typical unacceptable features implying long-term damage are shown in Appendix X1 photographs.  
4.6 Studies of polyethylene pipe extruded in the late 1980s (PE2306 and PE3408) show that damage typically does not develop when the wall compression percentage is 30 % or less, when closure rates are 2 in./minute or less and release rates are...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers qualifying a combination of a squeeze tool, a polyethylene gas pipe, and a squeeze-off procedure to avoid long-term damage in polyethylene gas pipe. Qualifying is conducted by examining the inside and outside surfaces of pipe specimens at and near the squeeze to determine the existence of features indicative of long-term damage. If indicative features are absent, sustained pressure testing in accordance with Test Method D1598 is conducted to confirm the viability of the squeeze-off process.  
Note 1: This practice may be useful for evaluating the effects of squeeze-off of other piping materials. If applied to other piping materials, research testing to confirm the applicability of this practice to other materials should be conducted.
Note 2: Qualification of historic pipe should follow the historic version of F1734 closest to the pipe manufactured data.  
1.2 This practice is appropriate for any combination of squeeze tool, PE gas pipe, and squeeze-off procedure.  
1.3 This practice is for use by squeeze-tool manufacturers and gas utilities to qualify squeeze tools made in accordance with Test Method F1563; and squeeze-off procedures based on with Guide F1041 with pipe manufactured in accordance with Specification D2513.  
1.4 Governing codes and project specifications should be consulted. Nothing in this practice should be construed as recommending practices or systems at variance with governing codes and project specifications.  
1.5 Where applicable in this practice, “pipe” shall mean “pipe and tubing.”  
1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standar...

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ASTM
ASTM F2509-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Field-assembled Anodeless Riser Kits for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Polyamide-11 (PA11) Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the qualification requirements and test methods for field-assembled anodeless riser kits for use with outside diameter controlled polyethylene gas distribution pipes and tubing in sizes of up to 2 IPS. The anodeless riser kits shall be manufactured in accordance with the specified materials, physical properties, and design, which include the riser casings, moisture seals, threads, bend radius, coatings, welding procedures, and riser adapter to riser casing connections. The riser adapter to riser casing connections shall tested by tensile pull testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for field-assembled anodeless riser kits for use with outside diameter controlled polyethylene and PA11 gas distribution pipe and tubing in sizes through 2 IPS as specified in Specification D2513 polyethylene and Specification F2945 for PA11.  
1.2 The test methods described are not intended to be routine quality control tests.  
1.3 This specification covers the types of field-assembled anodeless riser kits described in 3.3.2.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures), shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1473-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful to measure the slow crack growth resistance of molded plaques of polyethylene materials at accelerated conditions such as 80 °C, 2.4 MPa stress, and with a sharp notch.  
5.2 The testing time or time to failure depends on the following test parameters: temperature; stress; notch depth; and specimen geometry. Increasing temperature, stress, and notch depth decrease the time to failure. Material parameters, not controlled by the laboratory, that could impact the test results (time to failure) are: pigment (color or carbon black) and the carrier resin for the pigment, or both. Thus, in reporting the test time or time to failure, all the conditions of the test shall be specified.  
Note 4: Time to failure can also be affected by the degree of pigment (color or carbon black) dispersion and distribution within the test specimen. Test Method D5596 and ISO 18553 provide methods for assessing the degree of dispersion and distribution of the pigment
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of polyethylene materials to slow crack growth under conditions specified within.
Note 1: This test method is known as PENT (Pennsylvania Notch Test) test.  
1.2 The standard test is performed at 80 °C and at 2.4 MPa, but it shall be acceptable to conduct tests at a temperature below 80 °C and with other stresses low enough to preclude ductile failure and thereby eventually induce brittle type of failure. The standard test is conducted in an air environment; however, it shall be acceptable to immerse test specimens in an alternate environment such as water or a water/detergent solution, or other liquid or a different environment such as an inert gas to evaluate slow crack growth performance in different environments. Generally, polyethylenes will ultimately fail in a brittle manner by slow crack growth at 80 °C if the stress is at or below 2.4 MPa
Note 2: When testing in environments other than air, it is recommended to consider maintaining the efficacy of the test media (for example, a detergent solution) to minimize any effect of aging.  
1.3 The test method is for specimens cut from compression molded plaques.2 See Appendix X1 for information relating to specimens from pipe.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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