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ASTM F1430-03e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments

Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an APD under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.
This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.
This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emissions that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial device.
Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in APDs.
Defective areas found in aerial devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with supplemental load handling attachments.
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices with supplemental load handling attachments:
1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,
1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:
1.1.2.1 Insulated aerial personnel devices without supplemental load handling attachments,
Digger-derricks with platform,
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and
1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.
Note 1—This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection. ( Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2003
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
F18 - Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers
Drafting Committee
F18.55 - Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial Devices
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1430-03 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Replaced By
ASTM F1430/F1430M-10 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010

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ASTM F1430-03e1 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling AttachmentsASTM F1430-03e1 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments
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ASTM F1430-03e1 - Standard Test Method for Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling Attachments
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
´1
Designation:F1430–03
Standard Test Method for
Acoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-Insulated
Aerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load Handling
1
Attachments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Figure 6 was corrected editorially in November 2005.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with
supplemental load handling attachments.
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Struc-
with supplemental load handling attachments:
tures During Controlled Stimulation
1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and
Sensors
1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.
E750 Practice for CharacterizingAcoustic Emission Instru-
1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not
mentation
cover any of the following equipment:
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility ofAcous-
1.1.2.1 Insulated aerial personnel devices without supple-
tic Emission Sensor Response
mental load handling attachments,
E1067 Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fi-
1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,
berglass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform, and
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located
F914 Test Method forAcoustic Emission for Insulated and
anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.
Non-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices Without Supple-
NOTE 1—This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT
mental Load Handling Attachments
method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device.
F2174 Practice for Verifying Acoustic Emission Sensor
Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.
Response
1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate
2.2 Other Standards:
emissionsources.Verificationofemissionsourcesmayrequire
ANSI A92.2 Standard for Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and
3
the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as
Rotating Aerial Devices
radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant,
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel
4
and visual inspection. (Warning—This test method requires
Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the
3. Terminology
vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to
safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure
3.1 Definitions:
or instability of the vehicle or components.)
3.1.1 acoustic emission (AE)—the class of phenomena
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
whereby elastic waves are generated by the rapid release of
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee F18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial the ASTM website.
3
Devices. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1430–98. DOI: AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
10.1520/F1430-03E01. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
F1430–03
energy from a localized source or sources within a material, or physical location of the emission source will then be the only
thetransientelasticwave(s)sogenerated.Acousticemissionis channel processing data from that source.
the r
...

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3.1 Degradation in sensor performance can occur due to dropping, mechanical shock while mounted on the test structure, temperature cycles, and so forth. It is necessary and desirable to have a simple measurement procedure that will check the consistency of sensor response, while holding all other variables constant.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an APD under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.  
5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.  
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5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in APDs.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) with supplemental load handling attachments.  
1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices with supplemental load handling attachments:
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1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:
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4.1 IEM Applications and Capabilities—IEM has been successfully applied to a wide range of NDT applications in the manufacture, maintenance, and repair of metallic and non-metallic parts. Examples of anomalies detected are discussed in 1.1 and 6.2. IEM has been proven to provide fast, cost-effective, and accurate NDT solutions in nearly all manufacturing, maintenance, or repair modalities. Examples of the successful application focuses include, but are not limited to: sintered powder metals, castings, forgings, stampings, ceramics, glass, wood, weldments, heat treatment, composites, additive manufacturing, machined products, and brazed products.  
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4.1 The purpose of the AE examination is to analyze how an examination object is withstanding the applied load, or if it is suffering from some latent damage. Consequently the emission activity must be evaluated in relation to the applied load.  
4.2 The applied load (on the examination object) may include mechanical forces (tension, compression or torsional), internal pressure and thermal gradients. It may be short to long, random or cyclic. The applied load may be controlled by the examiner or may already exist as part of the process. In either case the applied load is measured along with the AE activity.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques for conducting acoustic emission (AE) examinations of small parts. It is confined to examination objects (or defined regions of larger objects) where there is low AE signal attenuation throughout the examination region. This eliminates the consideration of complex attenuation factor corrections and multiple sensor and array placements based on overcoming signal losses over distances.  
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4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which are well defined and which are understood by a trained acoustical professional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce results which are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information gathered and documented in the course of the measurement program.  
4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to the following:  
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4.4 This test method provides the user with information to (1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor sound level over specific time periods at specified places, and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.  
4.5 This test method can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acoustical data for many common situations. The data are collected in a format determined by the capabilities of the equipment, equipment operational options selected, and by post-processing options available.  
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SCOPE
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1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data. However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requiring multiple sets of data, the test method does not address planning of the measurement program.  
1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:  
1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,  
1.2.2 To characterize the sound emissions of a specific sound source which exhibits a temporal variation in sound output, and  
1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of a noise impact mitigation plan.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with a measurement plan that references this test method. Changes or additions to the provisions of this test method shall be clearly stated in the plan.  
1.3.1 In the event it is necessary, for example, because of time constraints, to conduct measurements without first formalizing a plan, this test method can be used if an operator/observer whose qualifications are satisfactory to both the performing organization and the client is present at all times during the measurements and who complies, to the extent possible, with all the applicable requirements of this test method, including record keeping.  
1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound level data with appropriate criteria.  
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ASTM E1289-08(2022)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Reference Specimen for Sound Transmission Loss

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements. The reference specimen is composed of framed steel panels. The required materials for fabrication and installation are as follows: galvanized sheets, frame, and panels. Four kinds of installation may be done: Installation A using a single layer reference specimen, Installation B using double layer reference specimen with a common plate, Installation C using double layer reference specimen with separate plates-empty cavity, and Installation D using double layer reference specimen with separate plates and added layer of sound-absorbing material in the cavity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes the construction and installation of standard reference specimens for quality control of laboratory sound transmission loss measurements using Test Method E90.  
1.2 Laboratories may choose to construct and test all of the reference specimens described here or only a subset. Specific specimens may be required by a test method or an accrediting agency.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Acoustic emission data is affected by several characteristics of the instrumentation. The most obvious of these is the system sensitivity. Of all the parameters and components contributing to the sensitivity, the acoustic emission sensor is the one most subject to variation. This variation can be a result of damage or aging, or there can be variations between nominally identical sensors. To detect such variations, it is desirable to have a method for measuring the response of a sensor to an acoustic wave. Specific purposes for checking sensors include: (1) checking the stability of its response with time; (2) checking the sensor for possible damage after accident or abuse; (3) comparing a number of sensors for use in a multichannel system to ensure that their responses are adequately matched; and (4) checking the response after thermal cycling or exposure to a hostile environment. It is very important that the sensor characteristics be always measured with the same sensor cable length and impedance as well as the same preamplifier or equivalent. This guide presents several procedures for measuring sensor response. Some of these procedures require a minimum of special equipment.  
3.2 It is not the intent of this guide to evaluate AE system performance. Refer to Practice E750 for characterizing acoustic instrumentation and refer to Guide E2374 for AE system performance verification.  
3.3 The procedures given in this guide are designed to measure the response of an acoustic emission sensor to an arbitrary but repeatable acoustic wave. These procedures in no way constitute a calibration of the sensor. The absolute calibration of a sensor requires a complete knowledge of the characteristics of the acoustic wave exciting the sensor or a previously calibrated reference sensor. In either case, such a calibration is beyond the scope of this guide.  
3.4 The fundamental requirement for comparing sensor responses is a source of repeatable acoustic waves. The character...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines simple economical procedures for testing or comparing the performance of acoustic emission sensors. These procedures allow the user to check for degradation of a sensor or to select sets of sensors with nearly identical performances. The procedures are not capable of providing an absolute calibration of the sensor nor do they assure transferability of data sets between organizations.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2374-16(2021)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustic Emission data acquisition can be affected by numerous factors associated with the electronic instrumentation, cables, sensors, sensor holders, couplant, the examination article on which the sensor is mounted, background noise, and the user's settings of the acquisition parameters (for example, threshold).  
4.2 This guide is not intended to replace annual (or semi-annual) instrumentation calibration (see Practice E750) or sensor recertification (see Practice E1781).  
4.3 This guide is not intended to replace routine electronic evaluation of AE instrumentation or routine reproducibility verification of AE sensors (see Guide E976).  
4.4 This guide is not intended to verify the maximum processing capacity or speed of an AE system.  
4.5 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SCOPE
1.1 System performance verification methods launch stress waves into the examination article on which the sensor is mounted. The resulting stress wave travels in the examination article and is detected by the sensor(s) in a manner similar to acoustic emission.  
1.2 This guide describes methods which can be used to verify the response of an Acoustic Emission system including sensors, couplant, sensor mounting devices, cables and system electronic components.  
1.3 Acoustic emission system performance characteristics, which may be evaluated using this document, include some waveform parameters, and source location accuracy.  
1.4 Performance verification is usually conducted prior to beginning the examination.  
1.5 Performance verification can be conducted during the examination if there is any suspicion that the system performance may have changed.  
1.6 Performance verification may be conducted after the examination has been completed.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E1130-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Speech Privacy in Open Plan Spaces Using Articulation Index

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The speech privacy between locations in an open plan space is determined by the degree to which intruding speech sounds exceed the ambient sound pressure levels at the listener's ear; a classic signal-to-noise ratio situation.  
5.2 The sound pressure levels at the listener's ear from intruding speech depend upon:  
5.2.1 The individual vocal effort and orientation of the talker,  
5.2.2 The attenuation of speech signals due to distance or intervening barriers, and  
5.2.3 The reinforcement of speech signals due to reflections from surfaces such as the ceiling, furniture panels, light fixtures, walls, or windows.  
5.3 The ambient sound levels within a space often must be increased in order to mask intruding speech using an electronic sound masking system. However, in certain locations and in specific frequency ranges, the building mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) equipment, and the heating, ventilating, or air conditioning equipment (HVAC) may increase ambient sound levels or add tonal noise components that may require mitigation before tuning the masking sound.  
5.4 The primary purpose of this test method is to assess the speech privacy for an average speech spectrum using the standard Articulation Index method. This requires measurement of the relevant acoustical characteristics discussed in 5.2 and 5.3 for a pair of locations and calculation of the Articulation Index using an average speech spectrum. The average speech spectrum is for male talkers speaking with normal voice effort. In specific cases such as designated quiet work zones for ‘focused work’ where administrative measures have been taken to reduce speech levels, a ‘casual’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy, whereas in designated group work zones for ‘collaborative work’ where lively discussion is expected, a ‘raised’ voice spectrum should be used to calculate speech privacy.  
5.5 The Articulation Index ranges from a low value of 0.00, where speech is gener...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means of objectively assessing speech privacy between locations in open plan spaces. This test method relies upon acoustical measurements, published information on speech levels, and standard methods for assessing speech communication. This test method does not measure the performance of individual open plan components which affect speech privacy; but rather, it assesses the privacy which results from a particular configuration of components (1, 2).2  
1.2 This test method is intended to be a field test for the assessment of speech privacy in actual open plan spaces. However, this test method could be used in mock-up spaces and in environments arranged to simulate an open plan space.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for use in many open plan spaces including traditional open offices, focus areas, and collaboration spaces. In addition to office buildings, these types of spaces will also be found in healthcare buildings, institutional spaces, schools, etc. It is not directly applicable for measuring the speech privacy between open plan and enclosed spaces or between fully enclosed spaces.  
1.4 This test method relies upon the Articulation Index, which objectively predicts the intelligibility of speech. While both the Articulation Index and this test method can be expected to reliably predict speech privacy, neither predicts the specific effective speech privacy afforded to particular individual occupants.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed...

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