ASTM D8026-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Standard Practice for Determination of Tc-99 in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Technetium-99 is produced by the fission of uranium and plutonium, and has been released to the environment via nuclear weapons testing and nuclear materials processing. In an oxidizing environment, it exists as the very mobile pertechnetate ion, TcO4–, which is an analog to nitrate and can be taken up by living organisms. Monitoring of 99Tc in waters around nuclear processing facilities is part of a complete environmental monitoring program.
5.2 Technetium-99 is a long-lived (half-life 2.1E+5years), weak beta (maximum beta energy of 293 keV) emitting radioisotope. There are no stable isotopes of Tc. Thus the determination of its activity concentration presents unique challenges to traditional radiochemical determination methods. This method provides an alternative to the spiked/unspiked replicate method of Method D7168 and uses options presented in Guide C1387 for the determination of 99Tc in soil.
SCOPE
1.1 Technetium is separated and concentrated from a water sample by extraction chromatography using its chemical analog, rhenium, as a tracer. The ratio of technetium to rhenium is measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to then quantify the 99Tc concentration.
1.1.1 This practice is provided as an alternative to Test Method D7168 which provides for a different separation media geometry and measurement by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Similar detection limits should be attainable by this method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8026 − 16
Standard Practice for
Determination of Tc-99 in Water by Inductively Coupled
1
Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 Technetium is separated and concentrated from a water
3.1 Definitions:
sample by extraction chromatography using its chemical
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
analog,rhenium,asatracer.Theratiooftechnetiumtorhenium
Terminologies D1129 and D7902.
is measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
99
(ICP-MS) to then quantify the Tc concentration.
4. Summary of Practice
1.1.1 This practice is provided as an alternative to Test
4.1 Aknown quantity of Re is added to a known volume of
Method D7168 which provides for a different separation media
afilteredwatersample.Thesampleisheatedinthepresenceof
geometry and measurement by liquid scintillation spectrom-
peroxide to ensure the Tc and Re are in the oxidized form. The
etry. Similar detection limits should be attainable by this
Tc and Re are then extracted from the sample using an
method.
3, 4
extraction chromatography resin loaded in a column. The
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
resin is rinsed of some co-retained elements and then the Tc
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and Re are co-eluted from the resin.
standard.
4.2 An ICP-MS is used to determine the ratio of Tc relative
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to the Re tracer; the Re is used as an internal standard to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
monitor instrument response as well as to correct for chemical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
yield of the Tc through the column separation.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 Technetium-99 is produced by the fission of uranium
2
and plutonium, and has been released to the environment via
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nuclear weapons testing and nuclear materials processing. In
C1387 Guide for the Determination of Technetium-99 in
an oxidizing environment, it exists as the very mobile pertech-
Soil
–
netate ion, TcO , which is an analog to nitrate and can be
4
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
99
taken up by living organisms. Monitoring of Tc in waters
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
around nuclear processing facilities is part of a complete
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
environmental monitoring program.
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
5.2 Technetium-99 is a long-lived (half-life 2.1E+5years),
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
weak beta (maximum beta energy of 293 keV) emitting
99
D7168 Test Method for Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extrac-
radioisotope. There are no stable isotopes of Tc. Thus the
tion Disk
determination of its activity concentration presents unique
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
challenges to traditional radiochemical determination methods.
This method provides an alternative to the spiked/unspiked
replicate method of Method D7168 and uses options presented
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
99
in Guide C1387 for the determination of Tc in soil.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016. Published March 2016. DOI: 10.1520/
D8026-16.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Tagami, K., and Uchida, S., Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol 405, 2000, pp.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 227–229.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Kabai, E., Beyermann, M., Seeger, J., Savkin, B. T., Stanglmaier, S., and
the ASTM website. Hiersche, L., Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol 81, 2013, pp. 6–41.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8026 − 16
6. Interferences 8.3 Extraction chromatography resin, an aliphatic quater-
nary amine which is mainly used
...
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