ASTM D3364-99(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flow Rates for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) with Molecular Structural Implications
Standard Test Method for Flow Rates for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) with Molecular Structural Implications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for quality-control tests on PVC compounds having a wide range of melt viscosities. Measurements are made at shear rates close to 1 s−1.
5.2 In addition to the properties mentioned in Test Method D1238, this technique is sensitive to plasticizer content, polymer molecular weight, polymer stability (both thermally and rheologically), shear instability, and general composition. The sensitivity of the material to temperature necessitates slightly tighter controls than those stated in Test Method D1238.
5.3 The sensitivity of this test method makes it useful for correlating with processing conditions and as an aid in predicting changes in processing. However, as a one-point measure of flow relative to shear rate, its one drawback is that the same PVC melt flow values can be obtained for materials having different processibility; the chance of this happening is minimized, however, if the compounds are similar in composition.
5.4 Correlations with a wide range of processing conditions have supported the conclusions that little or no change in composition occurs during the test. Thus, this test is able to detect and follow profound changes which occur during extrusion, injection molding, milling, or mixing. These changes are due to three types of measured instability in polymers:
5.4.1 Thermal instability due to temperature effect.
5.4.2 Shear instability due to breaking of polymer bonds.
5.4.3 Rheological instability due to nonuniform distributions of widely different viscosity or molecular weight elements.
5.4.4 Thus, implications with respect to PVC molecular structural changes can be detected and predicted.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an extension of Test Method D1238 specific to the measurement of flow rates of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compounds while detecting and controlling various polymer instabilities associated with the flow rate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3364 − 99 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Flow Rates for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) with Molecular
1
Structural Implications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3364; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method is an extension of Test Method D1238
3. Terminology
specific to the measurement of flow rates of poly(vinyl
3.1 Definitions—For definitions related to plastics, see Ter-
chloride) (PVC) compounds while detecting and controlling
minology D883.
various polymer instabilities associated with the flow rate.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 See Test Method D3835, Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3.
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.2.2 Flow is the reciprocal of the viscosity; therefore, the
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
flow is defined as the volumetric displacement through a
tion only and are not considered standard.
controlled orifice and is expressed as shear rate over shear
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stress.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE 2—Since PVC obeys the power law function, the above relation-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ship can be expressed as follows:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1−N
(Viscosity) (Shear Rate) =(shear stress) in which the shear rate is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3
expressed as 4Q/πR and depends on the power law exponent N.
Since Qisthevolumetricflowrateintermsofcubicmillimetres/second
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
and R is the radius of the die, it follows that the flow rate varies much
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
faster than the viscosity as a result of N.This means that the flow is much
more sensitive to change than the viscosity. For PVC, N varies from 0.1
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to 0.33.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.2.3 Flow rate by this test method is the rate in milligrams/
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
minute at which polymer flows through a specific die (see Fig.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1) with a total load on the ram of 20 kg at a temperature of
175°C.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Conditions:
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
4.1.1 In order to test a wide variation of flow rates covering
D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
semirigid as well as nonrigid PVC compounds, the following
by Extrusion Plastometer
standard conditions are used:
D3835Test Method for Determination of Properties of
Temperature 175°C (347°F)
Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
Total load on piston 20 000 g
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
Approximate pressure 2758 kPa (400 psi)
ASTM Test Methods
Charge 2.15 ± 0.05 g
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Plugged orifice with 120° entrance angle
4.2 Basis Principles:
4.2.1 Thelowertemperature(relativeto190°C)ischosento
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
minimize thermal decomposition, maximize sensitivity of the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
flow rate to structural changes in the PVC compound, and to
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally
allow a wide latitude of useful conditions associated with the
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3364-99 (2011).
DOI: 10.1520/D3364-99R19.
load on the piston.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2.2 Modern extrusion plastometers have been redesigned
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
to accommodate much higher loads. Current research for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. multi-weight testing has reached levels of 50 kg and these are
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.