ASTM D4477-96a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Soffit
Standard Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Soffit
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements and test methods for the materials, dimensions, camber, impact strength, weatherability, expansion, and appearance of extruded single-wall soffit manufactured principally from rigid (unplasticized) PVC compound. Methods of indicating compliance with this specification are also provided.
1.2 Nonmandatory color-hold guidelines are provided in Appendix X1 for the manufacturer's product development and quality performance use only.
1.3 Rigid (unplasticized) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) siding is covered in Specification D3679.
1.4 Soffit produced to this specification shall be installed in accordance with Practice D4756. Reference shall also be made to the manufacturer's installation instructions for the specific product to be installed. Note 1-Information with regard to soffit maintenance shall be obtained from the manufacturer. Note 2-Soffit color-hold guidelines are for dark gray-blue, light gray-blue, green, dark beige, light beige, gold, yellow, white, and gray regions. Additional colors will be added and color-hold guidelines refined as weathering program data is developed.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Note 3-There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this specification.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4477 – 96a
Standard Specification for
Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Soffit
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification establishes requirements and test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
methods for the materials, dimensions, camber, impact D 256 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastics and
strength, weatherability, expansion, and appearance of ex- Electrical Insulating Materials
truded single-wall soffit manufactured principally from rigid D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
(unplasticized) PVC compound. Methods of indicating com- lation
pliance with this specification are also provided. D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
1.2 Rigid PVC recycled plastic may be used in this product D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
in accordance with the requirements in Section 4. Insulating Materials for Testing
1.3 Nonmandatory color-hold guidelines are provided in D 635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and
Appendix X1 for the manufacturer’s product development and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizon-
quality performance use only. tal Position
1.4 Rigid (unplasticized) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) siding D 696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-
is covered in Specification D 3679. pansion of Plastics
1.5 Soffit produced to this specification shall be installed in D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
accordance with Practice D 4756. Reference shall also be made D 1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics
to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for the specific D 1600 Terminology Relating to Abbreviations, Acronyms,
product to be installed. and Codes for Terms Relating to Plastics
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
NOTE 1—Information with regard to soffit maintenance shall be ob-
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
tained from the manufacturer.
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
NOTE 2—Soffit color-hold guidelines are for dark gray-blue, light
gray-blue, green, dark beige, light beige, gold, yellow, white, and gray D 3679 Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl
regions. Additional colors will be added and color-hold guidelines refined
Chloride) (PVC) Siding
as weathering program data is developed.
D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D 4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
and Related Plastic Building Product Compounds
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
D 4226 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly-
information only.
(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
NOTE 3—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
D 4756 Practice for the Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
matter of this specification.
(PVC) Siding and Soffit
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 6
the proper Use of Recycled Plastics
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E 805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published November 1997. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
published as D 4477 – 85. Last previous edition D 4477 – 96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
2 7
Refer to ASTM Research Report RR-D20-1144. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4477 – 96a
TABLE 1 Class Requirements for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
3. Terminology
Compounds Used for Soffit
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
NOTE 1—The minimum property test value will determine the class
nologies D 883, D 1600, and E 631, unless otherwise specified.
number, even though other higher property test values may fall within
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
another class.
3.2.1 color-hold guidelines—predictive target color regions
within a three-dimensional model which constitute acceptable
Compound Class Number 1 2 3
appearance retention levels of color change resulting from
Izod impact strength at 73.4°F (23°C), min:
ft·lbf/in. of notch 1.5 2.4 9.9
weathering of a specific product type and color.
(J/m of notch) (80.0) (130.0) (530)
3.2.2 Discussion—Commercial products which demon-
Tensile strength, min:
psi 6970 5800 5510
strate weathering behavior within reasonable conformance to
(MPa) (48.0) (40.0) (38.0)
these target guidelines during a two-year test period can be
Modulus of elasticity in tension, min:
anticipated to weather without exhibiting unacceptable color
psi 392 000 319 000 290 000
(MPa) (2700) (2200) (2000)
changes.
Deflection temperature under load, min:
3.2.3 dark beige soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined
°F at 264 psi 158 158 158
by the color space falling within the parameters L =50to75,
(°C at 1.82 MPa) (70) (70) (70)
H
a =−3to4,and b =5to18.
H H
3.2.4 dark gray-blue soffıt—soffit the color of which is
defined by the color space falling within the parameters L =
H
4.2 Rigid PVC recycled plastic, as defined in Guide D 5033,
45 to 65, a =−7to0,and b = −10 to 0.
H H
may be used in this product if all the requirements in the
3.2.5 gold soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined by the
sections on Terminology (Section 3), on Materials and Manu-
color space falling within the parameters L = 65 to 100, a
H H
facture (Section 4), and on Physical Requirements (Section 5)
=−5to3,and b =18to30.
H
are met by the soffit containing PVC recycled plastic.
3.2.6 gray soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined by the
4.3 All specimen preparation procedures and test conditions
color space falling within the parameters L =65to85, a =
H H
shall be the same as indicated in the specimen preparation and
−3 to 1, and b =−3to2.
H
test methods sections of Specification D 4216.
3.2.7 green soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined by the
4.4 The compound shall have a minimum Izod impact
color space falling within the parameters L = 55.6 to 80.5, a
H H strength of 0.65 ft · lbf/in. of notch (34.7 J/m of notch) at 0°C
= −12 to −3, and b =4to13.
(32°F) when tested in accordance with Test Method D 256 the
H
3.2.8 light beige soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined test specimen shall have a thickness of 0.125 in. (3.17 mm).
by the color space falling within the parameters L =75to 4.5 The poly(vinyl chloride) compound, when tested in
H
100, a =−3to4,and b =5to18. accordance with Test Method D 635, shall not exceed an
H H
average extent of burn of 4 in. (100 mm), with an average time
3.2.9 light gray-blue soffıt—soffit the color of which is
of burn not to exceed 10 s. A sample thickness of 0.030 in. (0.8
defined by the color space falling within the parameters L =
H
mm) 6 10 % is required.
65 to 100, a =−7to0,and b = −10 to −3.
H H
3.2.10 temperate northern climate— in weather testing,a
NOTE 4—Caution: The flammability testing data, conclusions, and
North American metropolitan area testing site located within
recommendations of Test Method D 635 relate solely to the measurement
and description of properties for classification of the poly(vinyl chloride)
73 to 100°W longitude and 37 to 45° N latitude.
compound in response to flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
3.2.11 vinyl soffıt, n—a shaped material, made principally
shall not be used for the description or appraisal of the fire hazard of vinyl
from rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) that is used to clad the
soffit under actual fire conditions.
underside of a roof overhang.
4.6 The PVC compound when extruded into soffit shall
3.2.12 Discussion—Any exception to a homogeneous rigid
maintain uniform color and be free of any visual surface or
PVC compound is present in a coextruded or laminated
structural changes, such as peeling, chipping, cracking, flaking,
capstock.
or pitting.
3.2.13 white soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined by
4.7 The PVC compound shall be compounded so as to
the color space falling within the parameters L = 85 to 100,
H
provide the heat stability and weather exposure stability
a = 2 to −3, and b =−2to4.
H H
required for the soffit market application.
3.2.14 yellow soffıt—soffit the color of which is defined by
the color space falling within the parameters L = 65 to 100,
H 5. Physical Requirements
a = −10 to −5, and b =13to24.
H H
5.1 Length and Width—The nominal length and width of the
soffit shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
4. Materials and Manufacture
seller. The actual length shall be within 6 ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) of the
4.1 The soffit, or soffit substrate, in case a capping technique nominal length and the actual width shall be within 6 ⁄8 in.
is employed, shall be made principally of poly(vinyl chloride) (3.2 mm) of the nominal width when measured in accordance
(PVC) compound prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with 6.3 and 6.4.
homopolymer resin that conforms to the requirements for Class 5.2 Thickness—The minimum thickness of the soffit shall
1, 2, or 3 (see Table 1). be 0.030 in. (0.8 mm) when measured in accordance with 6.5.
D 4477 – 96a
5.3 Camber—A full length of soffit, typically 10 or 12 ft 6.2 Conditioning and Test Conditions— Condition the test
(3.05 or 3.66 m), will not have a camber greater than ⁄8 in. (3.2 specimen in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618
mm) when measured in accordance with 6.6. and test under those conditions, unless otherwise specified
5.4 Initial Impact Resistance—The soffit shall have a mini- herein.
6.3 Length—Lay the specimen on a flat surface and measure
mum impact strength of 45 in.·lbf (5.34 J) when tested in
accordance with 6.7. with a steel tape. Measure the length of a soffit panel to the
nearest ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) at the center, the butt edge, and the
5.5 Coeffıcient of Linear Expansion— The soffit shall have
−5
bottom of the top lock. The average of the three measurements
a coefficient of linear expansion not greater than 4.5 by 10
−5
is the actual length.
in./in./°F (8.1 by 10 mm/mm/°C) when tested in accordance
6.4 Width—Interlock two 2-ft (610-mm) long specimens in
with 6.8.
the normal mode for installation. Lay the two specimens on a
5.6 Gloss—This requirement is not applicable to embossed
flat surface. Measure to the nearest ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm), the
or perforated soffit). The gloss of smooth soffit shall be uniform
distance between the lowest butt edge of the top specimen and
across the exposed face. Variations in the glossmeter readings
the lowest butt edge of the bottom specimen. Make a measure-
shall not be more than 610.0 % or 65.0 points, when tested in
ment at one end of the specimens and at 6-in. (152.4-mm)
accordance with 6.10.
1 intervals along the entire length, making sure that the measure-
5.7 Deflection of the soffit shall not exceed 6 ⁄8 in. (3.2
ment is made perpendicular to the butt edge. Average the
mm) when installed flat in a horizontal position over a span of
measurements. The average constitutes the exposed width of
24 in. (610 mm) without intermittent support when tested in
soffit.
accordance with 6.12.
6.5 Thickness—Make a minimum of five equally spaced
5.8 Color—The color of the soffit shall be within the
measurements across the width of the soffit specimen perpen-
defined color space parameters (3.2.3 to 3.2.14) for the specific
dicular to the exposed surface with a micrometre similar to that
color agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
described in Test Method D 374, Method A or B, with the
The color specified shall be uniform on the surface of the soffit
exception that the vernier reading shall be to 0.001 in. (0.0254
panels, except in the case of multi-colored woodgrain panels.
mm). Average the measurements. The average constitutes the
5.8.1 Uniformity of Color—When tested in accordance with
thickness of the soffit.
6.11, the total color change, E, between a production specimen
6.6 Camber—Place a full length of soffit (typically 10 or 12
and the appropriate reference specimen or agreed-upon color
ft (3.05 or 3.66 m), on a flat surface alongside a straightedge at
coordinates shall not vary by more than 1.5, and the chromatic
least as long as the soffit specimen. Measure the maximum
coordinates shall not change by more than 6Da = 1.0 and6D
space between the edge of the siding specimen and the
b = 1.0.
straightedge for each edge to the nearest ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm).
5.9 Weathering:
6.7 Impact Resistance—Test impact resistance of soffit in
5.9.1 The soffit shall maintain a uniform color and be free of
accordance with Test Methods D 4226, Procedure A (use
any visual surface or structural changes such as peeling,
impactor head configuration H.25), except that conditioning
chipping, cracking, flaking, and pitting when tested in accor-
time for quality control tests shall be at least 1 h.
dance with 6.9.
6.8 Coeffıcient of Linear Expansion— Conduct this test in
NOTE 5—It is recommended that manufacturers utilize the color-hold
accordance with Test Method D 696.
guidelines in Appendix X1 to ensure quality performance and to optimize
6.9 Weatherability:
soffit weathering product development studies.
6.9.1 Expose extruded specimens (from soffit panels or
NOTE 6—Weathering conformance testing requirements are to reflect
extruded sheet of typical soffit panel thickness) at least 6 in.
performance of a “typical” extrusion soffit profile representing a specific
(150 mm) long for six months, one year, and two years in at
color of PVC compound and a specific extrusion technology. In no case is
least three widely different climatic areas. A hot, dry climate,
there an implied requirement for testing all the v
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