ASTM C1310-01(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Radionuclides in Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Preconcentration (Withdrawn 2011)
Standard Test Method for Determining Radionuclides in Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Preconcentration (Withdrawn 2011)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test methods in this standard may be used to measure the concentrations of 99Tc, 230Th, and 234U in soil samples. The test methods are applicable to soils that have been contaminated by nuclear-related activities such as uranium ore processing and uranium enrichment. The FI concentration step reduces detection limits by approximately a factor of ten compared to ICP-MS with conventional sample introduction. Approximate IDLs are listed in Table 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring 99Tc and a procedure for measuring 230Th and 234U in soils. It is applicable to background soils and soils that have been contaminated by nuclear processes. It is intended as an alternative to radiochemical methods because it is faster, requires less labor, and produces less waste than many radiochemical methods.
1.2 Samples are dried, ground, dissolved by fusion, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A sequential flow injection (FI) technique is used to provide lower detection limits than those obtained with direct aspiration into an ICP-MS, and, in the case of 99Tc, provides separation from interferences.
1.3 The 230Th and 234U procedure also would work for 232Th, 235U, and 238U, but the FI preconcentration usually is not required to measure these isotopes at the concentrations typically found in soils.
1.4 This test method is guided by quality control procedures derived from U.S. EPA procedures for inorganic analysis reported in SW-846 and the Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work. The required level of quality control may vary between laboratories and projects. Laboratory statistical quality control procedures are required to ensure that this test method is reliable.
1.5 Becquerel (Bq) is the acceptable metric unit for radionuclide activity. However, picocurie (pCi) frequently is the unit used to express regulatory limits for radioactivity. The values stated in either of these units shall be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.6 Refer to Practice C 998 for information on soil sample collection.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a procedure for measuring 99Tc and a procedure for measuring 230Th and 234U in soils. It is applicable to background soils and soils that have been contaminated by nuclear processes. It is intended as an alternative to radiochemical methods because it is faster, requires less labor, and produces less waste than many radiochemical methods.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle, this test method was withdrawn in June 2011. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1310 – 01 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Radionuclides in Soils by Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection
1
Preconcentration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1310; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 Refer to Practice C998 for information on soil sample
99
collection.
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring Tc
230 234
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and a procedure for measuring Th and U in soils. It is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applicable to background soils and soils that have been
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contaminated by nuclear processes. It is intended as an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
alternative to radiochemical methods because it is faster,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requires less labor, and produces less waste than many radio-
chemical methods.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Samples are dried, ground, dissolved by fusion, and
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
(ICP-MS).Asequential flow injection (FI) technique is used to
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
provide lower detection limits than those obtained with direct
99
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
aspiration into an ICP-MS, and, in the case of Tc, provides
Sieves
separation from interferences.
230 234
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
1.3 The Th and U procedure also would work for
235 238
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
232Th, U,and U,buttheFIpreconcentrationusuallyisnot
2.2 U.S. EPA Standards:
required to measure these isotopes at the concentrations
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SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste
typically found in soils.
U.S. EPA Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work
1.4 This test method is guided by quality control procedures
3
for Inorganic Analysis
derived from U.S. EPA procedures for inorganic analysis
2
reported in SW-846 and the Contract Laboratory Program
3. Terminology
3
Statement of Work . The required level of quality control may
3.1 Definition:
vary between laboratories and projects. Laboratory statistical
3.1.1 calibration—refer to Terminology E135.
quality control procedures are required to ensure that this test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
method is reliable.
3.2.1 abundance sensitivity—the characteristic of a mass
1.5 Becquerel (Bq) is the acceptable metric unit for radio-
spectrometer specifying the likelihood of a large peak produc-
nuclideactivity.However,picocurie(pCi)frequentlyistheunit
ing counts at an adjacent mass. It usually is expressed as the
used to express regulatory limits for radioactivity. The values
number of counts required in the large peak to produce one
stated in either of theseunitsshallberegardedasstandard.The
count at an adjacent mass.
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
3.2.2 analyte—an isotope whose concentration is being
therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother,
determined by the test method.
without combining values in any way.
3.2.3 calibration blank—a solution used to establish the
zero-concentration calibration point.
3.2.4 calibration reference solution—a solution containing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear
known concentrations of the analytes used for instrument
Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of
Test.
calibration.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1310 – 95 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/C1310-01R07.
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Available from the US EPA at http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/ For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sw846.htm. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Document Number ILM05.0. Available from the US EPA at http:// Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/clp/ilm5.htm. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1310 – 01 (2007)
3.2.5 continuing calibration blank check solution (CCB)—a 3.2.21 RDL check solution—a solution containing the ana
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