ASTM D4018-17

Standard Test Methods for Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite Fiber Tows

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The properties determined by these test methods are of value in material specifications, qualifications, data base generation, certification, research, and development.  
5.2 These test methods are intended for the testing of fibers that have been specifically developed for use as reinforcing agents in advanced composite structures. The test results of an impregnated and consolidated fiber should be representative of the strength and modulus that are available in the material when used as intended. The performance of fibers in different resin systems can vary significantly so that correlations between results using these test methods and composite testing may not always be obtained.  
5.3 The reproducibility of test results is dependent upon precise control over all test conditions. Resin type, content and distribution, curing process, filament alignment, gripping in the testing machine, and alignment in the testing machine are of special importance.  
5.4 The measured strengths of fibers are not unique quantities and test results are strongly dependent on the test methods used. Therefore the test method described here will not necessarily give the same mean strengths or standard deviations as those obtained from single filaments, dry fibers, composite laminas, or composite laminates.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the preparation and tensile testing of resin-impregnated and consolidated test specimens made from continuous filament carbon and graphite yarns, rovings, and tows to determine their tensile properties.  
1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the density and mass per unit length of the yarn, roving, or tow to provide supplementary data for tensile property calculation.  
1.3 These test methods include a procedure for sizing removal to provide the preferred desized fiber samples for density measurement. This procedure may also be used to determine the weight percent sizing.  
1.4 These test methods include a procedure for determining the weight percent moisture adsorption of carbon or graphite fiber.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2017
• ICS: 59.100.20 - Carbon materials
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.03 - Constituent/Precursor Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4018 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite
1
Fiber Tows
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4018; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D5550 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by
Gas Pycnometer
1.1 These test methods cover the preparation and tensile
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
testing of resin-impregnated and consolidated test specimens
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
made from continuous filament carbon and graphite yarns,
someter Systems
rovings, and tows to determine their tensile properties.
2.2 Other Document:
1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the 3
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
density and mass per unit length of the yarn, roving, or tow to
provide supplementary data for tensile property calculation.
3. Terminology
1.3 These test methods include a procedure for sizing
3.1 Definitions:
removal to provide the preferred desized fiber samples for
3.1.1 sizing, n—a generic term for compounds which, when
density measurement. This procedure may also be used to
applied to yarn or fabric, form a more or less continuous solid
determine the weight percent sizing.
film around the yarn and individual fibers.
1.4 These test methods include a procedure for determining
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the weight percent moisture adsorption of carbon or graphite
3.2.1 desized fiber, n—fiber which has had a sizing removed
fiber.
from it.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.2.2 fiber, n—continuous filament carbon or graphite yarn,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
roving, or tow.
standard.
3.2.3 sized fiber, n—a fiber with a sizing applied to it.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.4 unsized fiber, n—fiber which has never had a sizing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
applied to it.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 Symbols:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.3.1 A—Unit conversion factor for tensile strength
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.2 B—Unit conversion factor for tensile modulus
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.3 E—fiber chord modulus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3.4 ε —Lower strain limit
l
D70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous
3.3.5 ε —Upper strain limit
u
Materials (Pycnometer Method)
3.3.6 k —correction factor for density of size
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
c
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
3.3.7 L—specimen length
3.3.8 MUL—the mass per unit length of the sized fiber
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
3.3.9 MUL —the mass per unit length of the impregnated
I
Composite Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
and consolidated fiber
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2017. Published January 2017. Originally
3.3.10 P—maximum load
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4018 – 11. DOI:
3.3.11 P —tensile load at lower strain limit
l
10.1520/D4018-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 73rd Edition,
the ASTM website. 1992–1993.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4018 − 17
3.3.12 P —tensile load at upper strain limit 5.4 The measured strengths of fibers are not unique quan-
u
tities and test results are strongly dependent on the test methods
3.3.13 ρ —density of the fiber
f
used. Therefore the test method described here will not
3.3.14 ρ —density of the fiber with sizing
sf
necessarily give the same mean strengths or standard devia-
3.3.15 RC—weight percent of resin (resin content) tions as those obtained from single filaments, dry fibers,
composite laminas, or composite laminates.
3.3.16 W —specimen mass
1
6. Apparatus
4. Summary of Test Methods
6.1 Three sets of apparatus are required. One set is for resin
4.1 These test methods include procedures for determining
impregnation of the fiber. A se
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4018 − 11 D4018 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite
1
Fiber Tows
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4018; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the preparation and tensile testing of resin-impregnated and consolidated test specimens made
from continuous filament carbon and graphite yarns, rovings, and tows to determine their tensile properties.
1.2 These test methods also cover the determination of the density and mass per unit length of the yarn, roving, or tow to provide
supplementary data for tensile property calculation.
1.3 These test methods include a procedure for sizing removal to provide the preferred desized fiber samples for density
measurement. This procedure may also be used to determine the weight percent sizing.
1.4 These test methods include a procedure for determining the weight percent moisture adsorption of carbon or graphite fiber.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
D5550 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
2.2 Other Document:
3
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 sizing, n—a generic term for compounds which, when applied to yarn or fabric, form a more or less continuous solid film
around the yarn and individual fibers.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 desized fiber, n—fiber which has had a sizing removed from it.
3.2.2 fiber, n—continuous filament carbon or graphite yarn, roving, or tow.
3.2.3 sized fiber, n—a fiber with a sizing applied to it.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Jan. 15, 2017. Published December 2011January 2017. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20082011
as D4018 – 99 (2008).D4018 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D4018-11.10.1520/D4018-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 73rd Edition, 1992–1993.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4018 − 17
3.2.4 unsized fiber, n—fiber which has never had a sizing applied to it.
3.3 Symbols:
3.3.1 A—Unit conversion factor for tensile strength
3.3.2 B—Unit conversion factor for tensile modulus
3.3.3 E—fiber chord modulus
3.3.4 ε —Lower strain limit
l
3.3.5 ε —Upper strain limit
u
3.3.6 k —correction factor for density of size
c
3.3.7 L—specimen length
3.3.8 MUL—the mass per unit length of the sized fiber
3.3.9 MUL —the mass per unit length of the impregnated and consolidated fiber
I
3.3.10 P—maximum load
3.3.11 P —tensile load at lower strain limit
l
3.3.12 P —tensile load at upper strain limit
u
3.3.13 ρ —density of the fiber
f
3.3.14 ρ —density of the fiber with sizing
sf
3.3.15 RC—weight percent of resin (resin content)
3.3.16 W —specimen mass
1
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 These test methods include procedures for determining the tensile strength and modulus of a resin-impregnated and
consolidated carbon fiber tow. Also included are procedures to measure
...