ASTM D4102/D4102M-22

Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidative Resistance of Carbon Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test is used to determine the oxidative resistances of carbon fibers as a means of selecting the most stable fibers for incorporation in high-temperature fiber-reinforced composite systems. It can be used for quality control, material specification, and for research and development of improved carbon fibers. Factors that influence the oxidative resistance and should be reported are fiber identification, carbon fiber precursor type, fiber modulus, and any information on impurities, particularly metals. Also note that the presence of finish on the fiber can affect the oxidative resistance, and thus, alternative specimen preparations that enable the evaluation of finish effects are included.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the determination of the weight loss of carbon fibers, exposed to ambient hot air, as a means of characterizing their oxidative resistance.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 59.100.20 - Carbon materials
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.03 - Constituent/Precursor Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4102/D4102M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Oxidative Resistance of Carbon Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4102/D4102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology in accordance with Terminol-
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for
the determination of the weight loss of carbon fibers, exposed ogy D3878 shall be used where applicable.
to ambient hot air, as a means of characterizing their oxidative
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
resistance.
3.2.1 carbon fibers, n—fibers produced by the pyrolysis of
organicprecursorfiberssuchasrayon,polyacrylonitrile(PAN),
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
and pitch in an inert atmosphere; carbon fibers typically are
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
carbonized at about 1300 °C [2400 °F] and assay at 93 % or
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
more carbon.
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
3.2.2 finish, n—a material, with which filaments are treated,
from the two systems shall not be combined.
which contains a coupling agent to improve the bond between
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
the filament surface and the resin matrix in a composite
brackets.
material; in addition, finishes often contain ingredients which
provide lubricity to the filament surface, preventing abrasive
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
damage during handling, and a binder which promotes strand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
integrity and facilitates packing of the filaments.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.3 Symbols:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
%CV—coefficient of variation
For specific hazard information, see Section 8.
N—number of test specimens
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
s—standard deviation
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
W —specimen weight after the hot air exposure
a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
W —specimen weight after drying
d
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
W —percent weight loss in drying
dr
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
W —final specimen weight after the finish removal
e
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
W —percent finish on the fiber
f
W —percent weight loss in hot air
h
2. Referenced Documents
W—specimen weight before finish removal
i
2
X—average
2.1 ASTM Standards:
X—weight loss of the ith specimen
i
C613/C613M Test Method for Constituent Content of Com-
posite Prepreg by Soxhlet Extraction
4. Summary of Test Method
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
4.1 The test method is composed of two parts. The first one
specifies exposure conditions for an accelerated measurement,
determining weight loss of the carbon fiber after 24 h in air at
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
375 °C [707 °F]. The second part specifies conditions for an
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
extended measurement, determining the weight loss resulting
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
from 500 h exposure in air at 315 °C [600 °F].
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4102 – 82(2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D4102_D4102M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 The test is used to determine the oxidative resistances of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. carbon fibers as a means of selecting the most stable fibers for
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4102/D4102M − 22
incorporation in high-temperature fiber-reinforced composite approximately 2 g a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4102 − 82 (Reapproved 2015) D4102/D4102M − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Oxidative Resistance of Carbon Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4102;D4102/D4102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the determination of the weight loss of carbon fibers, exposed to
ambient hot air, as a means of characterizing their oxidative resistance.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values
givenstated in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units which are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 8.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C613/C613M Test Method for Constituent Content of Composite Prepreg by Soxhlet Extraction
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
3. Definitions
3.1 carbon fibers—fibers containing at least 90 % carbon by weight made by pyrolysis from synthetic polymeric or pitch fibers
7
and having moduli ≥70 GPa (≥10 psi).
3.2 precursor—organic fiber from which carbon fibers are prepared via pyrolysis. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, and pitch are
commonly used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015May 1, 2022. Published December 2015May 2022. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
D4102 – 82(2008).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D4102-82R15.10.1520/D4102_D4102M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4102/D4102M − 22
3.3 fiber finish—surface coating applied to fibers to facilitate handling or provide better wetting and compatibility of fiber and
matrix, or both.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology in accordance with Terminology D3878 shall be used where applicable.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 carbon fibers, n—fibers produced by the pyrolysis of organic precursor fibers such as rayon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and
pitch in an inert atmosphere; carbon fibers typically are carbonized at about 1300 °C [2400 °F] and assay at 93 % or more carbon.
3.2.2 finish, n—a material, with which filaments are treated, which contains a coupling agent to improve the bond between the
filament surface and the resin matrix in a composite material; in addition, finishes often contain ingredients which provide lubricity
to the filament surface, preventing abrasive damage during handling, and a binder which promotes strand integrity and facilitates
packing of the filaments.
3.3 Symbols:
%CV—coefficient of variation
N—number of test specimens
s—standard deviation
W —specimen weight after the hot air exposure
a
W —specimen weight after drying
d
W —percent weight loss in dryin
...