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ASTM D8356-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio

Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sonic velocity measurements are useful for comparing materials with similar elastic properties, dimensions, and microstructure.  
5.2 Eq 1 provides an accurate value of Young’s modulus only for isotropic, non-attenuative, non-dispersive materials of infinite dimensions. For non-isotropic graphite Eq 1 can be modified to take into account the Poisson’s ratios in all directions. As graphite is a strongly attenuative material, the value of Young’s modulus obtained with Eq 1 will be dependent on specimen length. If the specimen lateral dimensions are not large compared with the wavelength of the propagated pulse, then the value of Young’s modulus obtained with Eq 1 will be dependent on the specimen lateral dimensions. The accuracy of the Young’s modulus calculated from Eq 1 will also depend upon uncertainty in Poisson’s ratio and its impact on the evaluation of the Poisson’s factor in Eq 2. However, a value for Young’s modulus Eq 1 or Eq 7) can be obtained for many applications, which is often in good agreement with the value obtained by other more accurate methods, such as in Test Method C747. The technical issues and typical values of corresponding uncertainties are discussed in detail in STP 1578.6  
5.3 If the grain size of the carbon or graphite is greater than or about equal to the wavelength of the sonic pulse, the method may not provide a value of the Young’s modulus representative of the bulk material. Therefore it would be desirable to test a lower frequency (longer wavelength) to demonstrate that the range of obtained velocity values are within acceptable levels of accuracy. Significant signal attenuation should be expected when grain size of the material is greater than or about equal to the wavelength of the transmitted sonic pulse or the material is more porous than would be expected for as-manufactured graphite.
Note 1: Due to frequency dependent attenuation in graphite, the wavelength of the sonic pulse through the test specimen is not necessaril...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the longitudinal and transverse (shear) sonic velocities in manufactured carbon and graphite which can be used to obtain approximate values for the elastic constants: Young’s modulus (E), the shear modulus (G), and Poisson’s ratio (v).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2020
ICS
59.100.20 - Carbon materials
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C559-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D8356-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s RatioASTM D8356-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio
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ASTM D8356-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8356 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite
Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic
Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
1
Ratio
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental
Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the
Resonance
longitudinal and transverse (shear) sonic velocities in manu-
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
factured carbon and graphite which can be used to obtain
Fuels, and Lubricants
approximate values for the elastic constants: Young’s modulus
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
(E), the shear modulus (G), and Poisson’s ratio (v).
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D7775 Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Speci-
standard.
mens
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Determine the Precision of a Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.1 end correction time (T ), n—a fixed correction time
e
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
associated with the potential interaction of the couplant me-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dium and the test material.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.2 longitudinal sonic pulse, n—asonicpulseinwhichthe
2. Referenced Documents
displacements are in the direction of propagation of the pulse.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.1.3 pulse travel time, (T), n—the total time, measured in
t
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure- seconds, required for the sonic pulse to traverse the specimen
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles being tested, and for the associated electronic signals to
traversethetransducercouplingmediumandelectroniccircuits
of the pulse-propagation system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.1.4 shear or transverse sonic pulse, n—a sonic pulse in
Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
which the displacements are perpendicular to the direction of
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. DOI:
propagation of the pulse.
10.1520/D8356-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.5 time of flight (ToF), n—the total time, measured in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
seconds, required for the sonic pulse to traverse the specimen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. being tested (T – T ).
t 0
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8356 − 20
3.1.6 zero time, (T ), n—the travel time (correction factor), 4.7 The shear modulus is given by Eq 3 and a Young’s
0
measured in seconds, associated with the transducer, coupling modulus, E, can be obtained from Eq 1 and Eq 2 with C
v
medium and electronic circuits in the pulse-propagation sys- calculated using the value of Poisson’s ratio from Eq 4.
tem.
5. Significance and Use
4. Summary of Test Method
5.1 Sonic velocity measurements are useful for comparing
4.1 The velocity of sound waves passing through the test materials with similar elastic properties, dimensions, and
microstructure.
specimen is determined by measuring the distance thr
...

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Standard Guide for Monitoring the Neutron Exposure of LWR Reactor Pressure Vessels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Regulatory Requirements—The USA Code of Federal Regulations (10CFR Part 50, Appendix H) requires the implementation of a reactor vessel materials surveillance program for all operating LWRs. Other countries have similar regulations. The purpose of the program is to (1) monitor changes in the fracture toughness properties of ferritic materials in the reactor vessel beltline6 resulting from exposure to neutron irradiation and the thermal environment, and (2) make use of the data obtained from surveillance programs to determine the conditions under which the vessel can be operated with adequate margins of safety throughout its service life. Practice E185, derived mechanical property data, and (r, θ, z) physics-dosimetry data (derived from the calculations and reactor cavity and surveillance capsule measurements (1) using physics-dosimetry standards) can be used together with information in Guide E900 and Refs. 4, 11-18 to provide a relation between property degradation and neutron exposure, commonly called a “trend curve.” To obtain this trend curve at all points in the pressure vessel wall requires that the selected trend curve be used together with the appropriate (r, θ, z) neutron field information derived by use of this guide to accomplish the necessary interpolations and extrapolations in space and time.  
4.2 Neutron Field Characterization—The tasks required to satisfy the second part of the objective of 4.1 are complex and are summarized in Practice E853. In doing this, it is necessary to describe the neutron field at selected (r, θ, z) points within the pressure vessel wall. The description can be either time dependent or time averaged over the reactor service period of interest. This description can best be obtained by combining neutron transport calculations with plant measurements such as reactor cavity (ex-vessel) and surveillance capsule or RPV cladding (in-vessel) measurements, benchmark irradiations of dosimeter sensor materials, and knowledge of th...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the means and frequency of monitoring the neutron exposure of the LWR reactor pressure vessel throughout its operating life.  
1.2 The physics-dosimetry relationships determined from this guide may be used to estimate reactor pressure vessel damage through the application of Practice E693 and Guide E900, using fast neutron fluence (E > 1.0 MeV and E > 0.1 MeV), displacements per atom (dpa), or damage-function-correlated exposure parameters as independent exposure variables. Supporting the application of these standards are the E853, E944, E1005, and E1018 standards, identified in 2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off