iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM F1595-00(2005)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches

Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is designed to enable all manufacturers and users of membrane switches to perform visual inspections under uniform conditions. The aim is to eliminate key variables in the inspection procedures so specimens can be viewed more objectively.
Viewing specimens under these conditions could reveal cosmetic defects in the specimen. Many of these defects or flaws are due to variables in the raw materials or the manufacturing process. These cosmetic flaws or defects do not necessarily mean that the specimen is defective. The determination of whether a specimen is acceptable or defective varies with the application and the needs of the user. Therefore, customer and vendor must agree on acceptable quality standards prior to manufacturing.
This practice does not establish standards for acceptability of specimens, only how they must be viewed (inspected).
This practice is not intended to be used for color matching purposes. Color matching must be performed under more precise lighting conditions outside the scope of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visual inspection of membrane switches. This includes visual inspection of overlays and circuitry.  
1.2 This practice defines lighting parameters, distance from eye to specimen, viewing angle, and the viewing time allowed for a specific size specimen.  
1.3 This practice is only designed for visual inspection of aesthetic qualities of membrane switches. It is not intended for color matching or gloss measurement.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
31.220.20 - Switches
Technical Committee
F01 - Electronics
Drafting Committee
F01.18 - Printed Electronics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1595-00 - Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM F1595-00(2012) - Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Referred By
ASTM F1596-15 - Standard Test Method for Exposure of a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device to Temperature and Relative Humidity
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2865-13(2021) - Standard Guide for Classifying the Degrees of Ingress of Dust and Water into a Membrane Switch (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM F2771-10(2016) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent Lamp at Ambient Conditions (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-May-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM F1595-00(2005) - Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane SwitchesASTM F1595-00(2005) - Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM F1595-00(2005) - Standard Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches
English language
2 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1595–00(Reapproved2005)
Standard Practice for
Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane
1
Switches
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1595; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.6 membrane switch—a momentary switching device in
which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible
1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visual
substrate.
inspection of membrane switches. This includes visual inspec-
2.1.7 overlay—outer layer of a membrane switch on which
tion of overlays and circuitry.
the graphics are printed.
1.2 This practice defines lighting parameters, distance from
2.1.7.1 Discussion—Not all membrane switches have an
eye to specimen, viewing angle, and the viewing time allowed
overlay.
for a specific size specimen.
2.1.8 viewing angle—the angle between the line of sight of
1.3 This practice is only designed for visual inspection of
the observer and the surface of the specimen.
aesthetic qualities of membrane switches. It is not intended for
2.1.9 window areas—any area of a membrane switch
color matching or gloss measurement.
through which a display, light, lamp, or other graphics, are
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
viewed.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Thispracticeisdesignedtoenableallmanufacturersand
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
users of membrane switches to perform visual inspections
2. Terminology under uniform conditions.The aim is to eliminate key variables
in the inspection procedures so specimens can be viewed more
2.1 Definitions:
objectively.
2.1.1 aesthetic qualities—these relate to the cosmetic ap-
3.2 Viewing specimens under these conditions could reveal
pearance of the membrane switch and include such character-
cosmetic defects in the specimen. Many of these defects or
istics as printing quality, uniformity of finish, material attri-
flaws are due to variables in the raw materials or the manu-
butes, and mechanical integrity.
facturing process. These cosmetic flaws or defects do not
2.1.1.1 Discussion—These are often described by such
necessarily mean that the specimen is defective. The determi-
terms as scratches, bubbles, dents, dings, bumps, blurs, smears,
nation of whether a specimen is acceptable or defective varies
voids, pinholes, etc.These are highly subjective terms that defy
with the application and the needs of the user. Therefore,
precise definition but which are nonetheless identifiable and
customer and vendor must agree on acceptable quality stan-
measurable.
dards prior to manufacturing.
2.1.2 color matching—procedure by which a color is com-
3.3 This practice does not establish standards for acceptabil-
pared to a standard to determine if the two are visually
ity of specimens, only how they must be viewed (inspected).
indifferentiable under specified lighting conditions.
3.4 This practice is not intended to be used for color
2.1.3 continuous scanning motion—viewing technique
matching purposes. Color matching mus
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM F1843-15(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Plastic Films used on Membrane Switch Overlays for Specular Gloss Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gloss measurements are used to qualify a raw material or finished product.  
5.2 Sample preparation will effect the outcome of gloss readings. This practice will eliminate second surface reflection, and allow a more accurate gloss reading of the substrate.  
5.3 Materials which require this preparation include the following: clear or translucent substrates, colored transparent substrates, and areas printed with clear, translucent, or transparent colored coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method of sample preparation, prior to taking gloss measurements on a membrane switch overlay.  
1.2 Typical applications include window display areas on a graphic overlay, and surface texture.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1596-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exposure of a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device to Temperature and Relative Humidity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Changes in temperature and humidity during shipping, storage or use can affect the visual appearance, mechanical integrity, or electrical functionality of switches. This practice simulates three different environments to which membrane switches may be exposed.  
4.2 The three industry-recognized switch categories based on performance levels are Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 (see section 9.1).  
4.3 Additionally, there may be custom requirements that vary by application, therefore, these requirements can be determined by customer and vendor agreement and be established as a Level 4.  
4.4 This practice defines the duration of a single cycle. Multiple cycles may be appropriate depending on the requirements of the application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for temperature and humidity cycling of a membrane switch or printed electronic device.  
1.2 This test method is performed to evaluate the properties of materials used in the construction of membrane switch or printed electronic assemblies as they are influenced by the absorption and diffusion of moisture and moisture vapor. This is an accelerated environmental test, accomplished by the continuous exposure of the test specimen to high relative humidity at an elevated temperature. Absorption of moisture by many materials results in swelling, which destroys their functional utility, causes loss of physical strength, and changes in other mechanical properties. Insulating materials which absorb moisture may suffer degradation of their electrical properties.  
1.2.1 Physical changes:
1.2.1.1 Differential contraction or expansion rates or induced strain of dissimilar materials.
1.2.1.2 Cracking of surface coatings.
1.2.1.3 Leaking of sealed compartments.
1.2.1.4 Deformation or fracture of components.  
1.2.2 Chemical changes:
1.2.2.1 Separation of constituents.
1.2.2.2 Failure of chemical agent protection.  
1.2.3 Electrical changes:
1.2.3.1 Changes in electronic and electrical components.
1.2.3.2 Electronic or mechanical failures due to rapid water of condensate formation.
1.2.3.3 Excessive static electricity.  
1.3 This test method is not intended to be a thermal shock procedure; a ramp rate between temperature extremes should not exceed 2°C/min.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1842-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ink or Coating Adhesion on Flexible Substrates for a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 If the ink or coating is to fulfill its function, it must adhere to the substrate. Substrates and their surface preparation have a significant effect on the adhesion of inks or coatings. Therefore, a method of evaluating adhesion of inks or coatings to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different inks or coatings to the same substrate and surface treatment, is useful to the industry.  
5.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specific limitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion should be recognized before using it. The intra– and inter–laboratory precision of this test method is under evaluation.  
5.3 Printing area to be tested should be a solid area large enough to include the entire cross hatch pattern.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is based on existing Test Method D3359, with modifications to make it suitable for flexible substrates, printed electronic devices and membrane switches.  
1.2 Despite the problems associated with a tape test on plastic substrates, it is our belief that this is still one of the best ways to test ink and coating for adhesion for membrane switch or printed electronic device applications. In writing this test method we are addressing several of the objections to the test method that could affect its precision and repeatability on plastic substrates.  
1.3 These test methods cover whether the adhesion of coating or ink to a substrate is at an acceptable level. They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion, for which more sophisticated methods of measurement may be required.
Note 1: It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the ink or coating surface can affect the results obtained with inks or coatings having the same inherent adhesion.  
1.4 In multi–coat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats, so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.  
1.5 This test method is specifically designed for measuring adhesion of inks and coatings (films) that have a thickness of 5 mil (125 microns) or less, on plastics such as polyester and polycarbonate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2360-08(2015)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Luminance of a Membrane Switch Backlit with Diffuse Light Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Illumination of a switch or of certain features of a switch often has a functional purpose and must meet specification to satisfy the functional requirements of the switch.  
3.2 Illumination of the switch can be affected by variations in the quality and design of the overlay and its application.  
3.3 This test method addresses only the optical and visual appearance of the switch and not its electrical function.  
3.4 This test method is non-destructive.  
3.5 If this test method is applied to the entire switch assembly, the results can be applied to the whole device. However, it may be sufficient and practical to apply the test either to a subassembly only, or to the illumination layer only, in which case the results apply to that layer only and the net effect on the fully assembled device must be calculated, extrapolated, or otherwise inferred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the luminance of a backlit membrane switch. As written, it applies to a fully assembled switch. For specific purposes, it can be applied to partially assembled switches with the understanding that the results pertain only to the partial assembly and will be modified as the further assembly proceeds.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1812-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Effect of an ESD Discharge on a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Nearly all electronic devices are susceptible to possible damage or degradation from ESD encountered in their operating environments. The sensitivity of the equipment, the potential consequences of a malfunction, and the expected environmental conditions all impact the level of ESD protection needed.  
3.2 ESD shielding effectiveness test may be destructive, and units that have been tested should be considered unreliable for future use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the electrostatic discharge (ESD) shielding effectiveness of a membrane switch assembly or printed electronic device. This test method may be used to test a membrane switch or printed electronic device to destruction, that is, to determine its maximum ESD shielding effectiveness, or it may be used to test the ability of a membrane switch or printed electronic device to withstand a predetermined level of exposure.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use..

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1843-15(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Plastic Films used on Membrane Switch Overlays for Specular Gloss Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gloss measurements are used to qualify a raw material or finished product.  
5.2 Sample preparation will effect the outcome of gloss readings. This practice will eliminate second surface reflection, and allow a more accurate gloss reading of the substrate.  
5.3 Materials which require this preparation include the following: clear or translucent substrates, colored transparent substrates, and areas printed with clear, translucent, or transparent colored coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method of sample preparation, prior to taking gloss measurements on a membrane switch overlay.  
1.2 Typical applications include window display areas on a graphic overlay, and surface texture.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1596-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exposure of a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device to Temperature and Relative Humidity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Changes in temperature and humidity during shipping, storage or use can affect the visual appearance, mechanical integrity, or electrical functionality of switches. This practice simulates three different environments to which membrane switches may be exposed.  
4.2 The three industry-recognized switch categories based on performance levels are Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 (see section 9.1).  
4.3 Additionally, there may be custom requirements that vary by application, therefore, these requirements can be determined by customer and vendor agreement and be established as a Level 4.  
4.4 This practice defines the duration of a single cycle. Multiple cycles may be appropriate depending on the requirements of the application.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for temperature and humidity cycling of a membrane switch or printed electronic device.  
1.2 This test method is performed to evaluate the properties of materials used in the construction of membrane switch or printed electronic assemblies as they are influenced by the absorption and diffusion of moisture and moisture vapor. This is an accelerated environmental test, accomplished by the continuous exposure of the test specimen to high relative humidity at an elevated temperature. Absorption of moisture by many materials results in swelling, which destroys their functional utility, causes loss of physical strength, and changes in other mechanical properties. Insulating materials which absorb moisture may suffer degradation of their electrical properties.  
1.2.1 Physical changes:
1.2.1.1 Differential contraction or expansion rates or induced strain of dissimilar materials.
1.2.1.2 Cracking of surface coatings.
1.2.1.3 Leaking of sealed compartments.
1.2.1.4 Deformation or fracture of components.  
1.2.2 Chemical changes:
1.2.2.1 Separation of constituents.
1.2.2.2 Failure of chemical agent protection.  
1.2.3 Electrical changes:
1.2.3.1 Changes in electronic and electrical components.
1.2.3.2 Electronic or mechanical failures due to rapid water of condensate formation.
1.2.3.3 Excessive static electricity.  
1.3 This test method is not intended to be a thermal shock procedure; a ramp rate between temperature extremes should not exceed 2°C/min.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1842-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ink or Coating Adhesion on Flexible Substrates for a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 If the ink or coating is to fulfill its function, it must adhere to the substrate. Substrates and their surface preparation have a significant effect on the adhesion of inks or coatings. Therefore, a method of evaluating adhesion of inks or coatings to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different inks or coatings to the same substrate and surface treatment, is useful to the industry.  
5.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specific limitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion should be recognized before using it. The intra– and inter–laboratory precision of this test method is under evaluation.  
5.3 Printing area to be tested should be a solid area large enough to include the entire cross hatch pattern.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is based on existing Test Method D3359, with modifications to make it suitable for flexible substrates, printed electronic devices and membrane switches.  
1.2 Despite the problems associated with a tape test on plastic substrates, it is our belief that this is still one of the best ways to test ink and coating for adhesion for membrane switch or printed electronic device applications. In writing this test method we are addressing several of the objections to the test method that could affect its precision and repeatability on plastic substrates.  
1.3 These test methods cover whether the adhesion of coating or ink to a substrate is at an acceptable level. They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion, for which more sophisticated methods of measurement may be required.
Note 1: It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the ink or coating surface can affect the results obtained with inks or coatings having the same inherent adhesion.  
1.4 In multi–coat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats, so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.  
1.5 This test method is specifically designed for measuring adhesion of inks and coatings (films) that have a thickness of 5 mil (125 microns) or less, on plastics such as polyester and polycarbonate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2360-08(2015)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Luminance of a Membrane Switch Backlit with Diffuse Light Source

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Illumination of a switch or of certain features of a switch often has a functional purpose and must meet specification to satisfy the functional requirements of the switch.  
3.2 Illumination of the switch can be affected by variations in the quality and design of the overlay and its application.  
3.3 This test method addresses only the optical and visual appearance of the switch and not its electrical function.  
3.4 This test method is non-destructive.  
3.5 If this test method is applied to the entire switch assembly, the results can be applied to the whole device. However, it may be sufficient and practical to apply the test either to a subassembly only, or to the illumination layer only, in which case the results apply to that layer only and the net effect on the fully assembled device must be calculated, extrapolated, or otherwise inferred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the luminance of a backlit membrane switch. As written, it applies to a fully assembled switch. For specific purposes, it can be applied to partially assembled switches with the understanding that the results pertain only to the partial assembly and will be modified as the further assembly proceeds.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1812-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Effect of an ESD Discharge on a Membrane Switch or Printed Electronic Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Nearly all electronic devices are susceptible to possible damage or degradation from ESD encountered in their operating environments. The sensitivity of the equipment, the potential consequences of a malfunction, and the expected environmental conditions all impact the level of ESD protection needed.  
3.2 ESD shielding effectiveness test may be destructive, and units that have been tested should be considered unreliable for future use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the electrostatic discharge (ESD) shielding effectiveness of a membrane switch assembly or printed electronic device. This test method may be used to test a membrane switch or printed electronic device to destruction, that is, to determine its maximum ESD shielding effectiveness, or it may be used to test the ability of a membrane switch or printed electronic device to withstand a predetermined level of exposure.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use..

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off