ASTM A608/A608M-06(2012)

Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for iron-chromium-nickel, high-alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended for use under pressure at high temperatures. The tubing shall be supplied in the as cast condition or as cast with machining on the outside or inside surfaces. The material shall conform to the required chemical composition in carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, and molybdenum. Tension test shall be performed in the tubing at elevated temperature and shall conform to the required values in tensile strength and elongation. Tubing shall meet several tests such as; pressure test, flattening test, and mechanical test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel, high-alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended for use under pressure at high temperatures.  
1.2 The grades of high alloys detailed in Table 1 are intended for applications requiring strength and resistance to corrosion and scaling at high temperatures.  
1.3 Optional Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11 are provided; these call for additional tests to be made if desired.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements   GradeComposition, %  CarbonManganese Silicon Chromium NickelPhosphorus Sulfur Molybdenum HC300.25–0.350.5–1.00.50–2.0026–304.0 max0.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HD500.45–0.551.50 max0.50–2.0026–304–70.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HE350.30–0.401.50 max0.50–2.0026–308–110.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HF300.25–0.351.50 max0.50–2.0019–239–120.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HH300.25–0.351.50 max0.50–2.0024–2811–140.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HH33A0.28–0.381.50 max0.50–2.0024–2612–140.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HI350.30–0.401.50 max0.50–2.0026–3014–180.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HK300.25–0.351.50 max0.50–2.0023–2719–220.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HK400.35–0.451.50 max0.50–2.0023–2719–220.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HL300.25–0.351.50 max0.50–2.0028–3218–220.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HL400.35–0.451.50 max0.50–2.0028–3218–220.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HN400.35–0.451.50 max0.50–2.0019–2323–270.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HT500.40–0.601.50 max0.50–2.0015–1933–370.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HU500.40–0.601.50 max0.50–2.0017–2137–410.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HW500.40–0.601.50 max0.50–2.0010–1458–620.04 max0.04 max0.50 max HX500.40–0.601.50 max0.50–2.0015–1964–680.04 max0.04 max0.50 max
A Manufacturing control should ensure that this composition contain a minimal amount of ferrite. See Supplementary Requirement S5.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2012
• ICS: 23.040.10 - Iron and steel pipes
• ICS: 23.040.40 - Metal fittings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.18 - Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A608/A608M-06 - Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM A608/A608M-12 - Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2012
• Referred By: ASTM A999/A999M-23 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A608/A608M −06(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Centrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubing
for Pressure Application at High Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA608/A608M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Test-
ing
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel, high-
E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic
alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intended
Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heating
for use under pressure at high temperatures.
and Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates
1.2 The grades of high alloys detailed in Table 1 are
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
intended for applications requiring strength and resistance to
Industry
corrosion and scaling at high temperatures.
E340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
1.3 Optional Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11 are
provided; these call for additional tests to be made if desired. 3. Ordering Information
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the the following, as required, to describe the desired material
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
adequately:
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),
be used independently of each other. Combining values from
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast tubing),
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
3.1.3 Specification number and grade (Table 1),
specification.
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall
thickness, see Section 8).
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.5 Condition (see Section 9, as cast or as cast with
2.1 ASTM Standards: machining on outside or inside surfaces, or machined; see 5.1,
A342/A342M Test Methods for Permeability of Feebly 8, and 9),
Magnetic Materials
3.1.6 Length (specific or random), (Permissible Variations
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi- in Length Section of Specification A999/A999M),
cations of Procedures and Personnel
3.1.7 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A999/
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for
A999M),
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
3.1.8 Optional requirements (see 8.2.3 regarding the manu-
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
facturer’s wall thickness allowance for as cast tubing and
E21 TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
Supplementary Requirements S1 to S11),
Metallic Materials
3.1.9 Test report required (see Section 13), and
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
3.1.10 Special requirements to be added to the specification.
E139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials
4. General Requirements
4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Specification A999/A999M, unless otherwise provided herein.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally
5. Materials and Manufacture
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A608/A608M – 06.
DOI: 10.1520/A0608_A0608M-06R12.
5.1 Thetubingmaybesuppliedintheascastconditionoras
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cast with machining on the outside or inside surfaces, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
machined, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. purchaser.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A608/A608M−06 (2012)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grade Composition, %
Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Phosphorus Sulfur Molybdenum
HC30 0.25–0.35 0.5–1.0 0.50–2.00 26–30 4.0 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HD50 0.45–0.55 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 26–30 4–7 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HE35 0.30–0.40 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 26–30 8–11 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HF30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 19–23 9–12 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HH30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 24–28 11–14 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
A
HH33 0.28–0.38 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 24–26 12–14 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HI35 0.30–0.40 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 26–30 14–18 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HK30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 23–27 19–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HK40 0.35–0.45 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 23–27 19–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HL30 0.25–0.35 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 28–32 18–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HL40 0.35–0.45 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 28–32 18–22 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HN40 0.35–0.45 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 19–23 23–27 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HT50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 15–19 33–37 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HU50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 17–21 37–41 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HW50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 10–14 58–62 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
HX50 0.40–0.60 1.50 max 0.50–2.00 15–19 64–68 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 max
A
Manufacturing control should ensure that this composition contain a minimal amount of ferrite. See Supplementary Requirement S5.
TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Outside Diameter
Permissible Plus or Minus
5.2 Heat treatment of the tubing shall not be required under
Specified Outside Diameter of Tubing Variations from Specified
this specification.
Outside Diameter
in. mm in. mm
6. Chemical Requirements
From 2 to 4 50 to 100 0.08 2.0
Over 4 to 12 100 to 300 0.10 2.5
6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.12 3.0
chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1. Over 24 to 36 600 to 900 0.16 4.1
Over 36 to 54 900 to 1350 0.25 6.4
7. Tensile Properties
7.1 Tension tests at room temperature are not recommended
as acceptance criteria under this specification since the alloys
are intended for elevated-temperature service, and room-
8.2.2.2 Tubes not machined on the inside shall have permis-
temperature tests do not have a dependable relationship to
sible variations as agreed upon by the purchaser and the
elevated-temperature properties. (Where the design of the
manufacturer.
tubing is based on an assumption of certain minimum creep-
8.2.3 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness shall not exceed
rupture properties, one of the supplementary requirements of
thecalculatedminimumascastwallthicknessbymorethanthe
thisspecificationmaybestipulatedontheordertoascertainthe
limits shown in Table 3. The calculated minimum wall thick-
ability of the material to meet the design properties.)
ness shall be equal to the specified minimum wall thickness
plus the manufacturer’s allowance for “inside surface feed
8. Permissible Variation in Dimensions
metal” and outside surface roughness. Upon request, the
manufacturer’s allowance shall be furnished to the purchaser.
8.1 Machined Tubing (Tubing Machined on Inside and
There shall be no variation under the calculated minimum as
Outside):
castwallthickness.Fortubesover24uptoandincluding54in.
8.1.1 The tolerances given in Specification A999/A999M
[600 to 1350 mm] in diameter the “permissible variations over
shall govern, except that the wall thickness shall not vary over
specifiedminimumascastwallthickness”shallbeagreedupon
the specified minimum wall thickness by more than 10 % or
1 by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
⁄16 in. [1.6 mm], whichever is greater. There shall be no
8.2.4 Length—If definite lengths are ordered, no length of
variation under the specified minimum wall thickness.
tubing shall be under the length specified and not longer than
8.2 As-Cast Tubing (No Machining or Machined on Inside
the tolerance shown in Table 4.
or Outside):
8.2.1 Outside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Outside
Diameter):
8.2.1.1 Tubes machined on the outside shall meet the
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Wall Thickness
requirements of Specification A999/A999M.
Permissible Variations over
8.2.1.2 Tubes not machined on the outside shall meet the Specified Outside Diameter of Tubing Calculated Minimum As-
Cast Wall Thickness
permissible variations of Table 2.
in. mm in. mm
8.2.2 Inside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Inside Diam-
From 2 to 6 50 to 150 0.08 2.0
eter):
Over 6 to 12 150 to 300 0.10 2.5
8.2.2.1 Tubesmachinedontheinsideshallmeettherequire-
Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.13 3.3
ments of Specification A999/A999M.
A608/A608M−06 (2012)
TABLE 4 Excess Length Tolerances for Centrifugally Cast Tubes
10. Pressure Test
Permissible
Outside Diameter of Tube 10.1 All tubing shall be subjected to an internal air pressure
Excess Length
of at least 75 psi [515 kPa] for at least 1 min either while
in. mm in. mm
submergedinclearwaterorwiththeentireoutersurfacecoated
From2to12 50to300 ⁄4 6.4
1 with sulfur-free soap suds at the discretion of the manufacturer.
Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 ⁄2 13
Over 24 to 54 600 to 1350 1 25
In the usable portion of the tube, leaks are not permitted. If the
Hydrostatic Test, Supplementary Requirement S6, is invoked,
the exact details of the test and testing procedure shall be
9. Finish
clearly defined and made a part of the Ordering Information
(3.1.8).
9.1 Machined Tubing—All tubes shall be reasonably
straight and free of rejectable indications.All visual irregulari-
10.2 Leaks may be repaired by welding only if such repair
tiesshallbeexploredfordepths.Whenthedepthencroacheson
is approved by the purchaser.
the specified minimum wall thickness, such irregularities shall
be considered rejectable indications.
11. Flattening Test
9.2 As-Cast Tubing:
11.1 Flattening tests are not required since material covered
9.2.1 The outside surface shall be adequately cleaned (such
by this specification is not intended to be bent, flanged, or
as by shotblasting, sandblasting, wire brushing, grinding, or
otherwise formed.
machining). The metal surface so revealed shall be visually
inspected and shall be free of linear discontinuities or other
12. Mechanical Tests Required
imperfections that encroach on the specified minimum wall of
12.1 Air Pressure Test—Each length of tubing shall be
the tube.
subjected to the pressure test described in Section 10.
9.2.2 Various degrees of surface roughness occur on unma-
chined tubing. If a specific surface finish is required, it shall be
13. Certification
a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the
13.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,
purchaser.
a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufac-
9.3 Surface Irregularities Not Classified as Rejectable—
tured and tested in accordance with this specification together
Visual surface defects that have been explored and that do not
with a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time of
encroach on the minimum sound wall thickness shall be
shipment.
blended either by machining or grinding the surface into the
surrounding unaffected surface area of the tubing.
14. Product Marking
9.4 Repair by Welding—Repair of injurious defects by
14.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification
welding shall be permitted and major weld repairs shall be
A999/A999M, the marking shall include the length, an addi-
permitted only subject to the approval of the purchaser. Weld
tional symbol “S” if the tubing conforms to the supplementary
repairs shall be considered major if the depth of the cavity
requirements specified in Supplementary Requirements S1 to
prepared for welding exceeds 20 % of the required minimum
2 S11, and the heat number or manufacturer’s number by which
wall thickness or if the total surface area exceeds 10 in. [65
2 the tube can be identified, and, when as cast (see 8.2), the
cm ]. Defects shall be completely removed before welding. If
notation “AS CAST.”
defects are linear, complete removal shall be checked by liquid
penetrant inspection (Practice E165). Only qualified operators
15. Keywords
andproceduresinaccordancewithPracticeA488/A488Mshall
be used. All weld repairs shall be subjected to the same 15.1 alloy; centrifugal casting; high temperatures; pressure
inspection standard as the tubing. containing parts; steel tube; temperature service applications
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements may become a part of the specification
when specified on the inquiry or invitation to bid, and purchase order or contract.
S1. Product Analysis wall, but the inner ⁄8 in. [3 mm] of the tube wall shall not be
included in the sample unless the tube has been bored.
S1.1 Product analysis may be made on any length of tubing.
S2. Short-Time, High-Temperature Tension Test
Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical require-
ments shall be rejected. For product analysis the outside
S2.1 Short-time, high-temperature tension tests shall be
surface of the tube shall be ground clean before sampling and
madefromalongitudinalortransversesectioncutfromtheend
a sample taken from this area by drilling. If drillings are taken,
of the tubing representing each heat or lot as agreed upon
the drill should penetrate at least to the mid point of the tube between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
A608/A608M−06 (2012)
S2.2 The test specimen shall conform to the dimensions gage diameter shall not encroach on the zone of feed metal
shown in Fig. 7 or 9 of Test Methods E8, or as described in when cut from an as-cast tube.
Practice E151. The specimen gage diameter shall not encroach
S3.3 The stress rupture test shall be made in accordance
on the zone of feed metal when cut from an as-cast tube.
with Practice E139. Measurements of creep rate shall not be
S2.3 Thespecimenshallbesubjectedtoashort-timetension
required. The test shall be considered complete after the
test at a temperature of 1400 °F [760 °C], 1600 °F [870 °C],
specimen has endured the specified stress for the minimum
1800 °F [980 °C], or 2000 °F [1095 °C], as selected by the
acceptable time. Processing by heat treatment to improve the
purchaser. During the test the temperature range shall be
creep re
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