iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E1696-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer (Withdrawn 2013)

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer (Withdrawn 2013)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Measurements of RI made by this test method, with the 0.2° observation angle, are related to visual observation of raised retroreflective pavement markers at distances of approximately 220 m (720 ft) for cars or approximately 440 m (1440 ft) for trucks when illuminated by tungsten filament light sources such as car headlights.
There are some castings that block vehicle illumination of a portion of the marker mounted within it. In this case, measured RI can be significantly lower than when the marker is photometered outside the casting, but will correspond to the visual observation.
The test method is not applicable to raised pavement markers mounted in depressions cut into the pavement.
The coefficient of luminous intensity of raised retroreflective pavement markers degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient visibility is provided to the driver.
The quality of the pavement markers as to materials used, age and wear pattern, will have an effect on the coefficient of (retroreflected) luminous intensity. These conditions need to be observed and noted by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the retroreflective properties of raised retroreflective pavement markers at a prescribed geometry, by means of a portable retroreflectometer that can be used in the field. The measurements can be compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for replacement.
1.2 The observation angle specified for retroreflectometers in this test method is that currently specified for raised pavement markers in the United States and may differ from the angles used elsewhere. For other jurisdictions, replace the observations angle specified herein with the observation angle specified by the pertinent agency.
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of raised retroreflective pavement markers but may also be used to measure the performance of new markers before they are placed in the field.
1.4 This test method covers measurements of raised pavement markers mounted on a road surface or mounted in snow-plowable metal castings.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 The standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the retroreflective properties of raised retroreflective pavement markers at a prescribed geometry, by means of a portable retroreflectometer that can be used in the field. The measurements can be compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for replacement.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, this test method was withdrawn in January 2013 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
Withdrawal Date
03-Jan-2013
ICS
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.10 - Retroreflection
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1696-02 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
Effective Date
01-May-2004

Buy Standard

ASTM E1696-04 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer (Withdrawn 2013)ASTM E1696-04 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer (Withdrawn 2013)
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E1696-04 - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer (Withdrawn 2013)
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1696 −04
StandardTest Method for
Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement
1
Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
E809Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the retrore-
Retroreflectors
flectivepropertiesofraisedretroreflectivepavementmarkersat
a prescribed geometry, by means of a portable retroreflecto-
3. Terminology
meter that can be used in the field. The measurements can be
compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E284 are
replacement.
applicable to this test method. Some terms particular to
retroreflection are defined and illustrated in Practice E808.
1.2 The observation angle specified for retroreflectometers
in this test method is that currently specified for raised 3.2 Definitions:
pavementmarkersintheUnitedStatesandmaydifferfromthe
3.2.1 The delimiting phrase “in retroreflection” applies to
angles used elsewhere. For other jurisdictions, replace the
eachofthefollowingdefinitionswhenusedoutsidethecontext
observations angle specified herein with the observation angle
of this or other retroreflection standards.
specified by the pertinent agency.
3.2.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R , n—of a
I
retroreflector, ratio of the luminous intensity (I) of the retrore-
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field
flector in the direction of observation to the illuminance (E|nt)
measurement of raised retroreflective pavement markers but
at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of
may also be used to measure the performance of new markers
−1
incident light, expressed in candelas per lux (cd·lx ).
before they are placed in the field.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—When values are low, the coefficient of
1.4 This test method covers measurements of raised pave-
(retroreflected) luminous intensity may be given in millican-
ment markers mounted on a road surface or mounted in −1
delas per lux (mcd·lx ). R =(I/E|nt).
I
snow-plowable metal castings.
3.2.3 portable retroreflectometer—a hand-held instrument
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
that can be used in the field or in the laboratory for measure-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
ment of retroreflectance.
only.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—In this test method, “portable retrore-
1.6 The standard does not purport to address all of the
flectometer”referstoahand-heldinstrumentthatcanbeplaced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
over a raised retroreflective pavement marker to measure the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
coefficient of luminous intensity with a prescribed geometry.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 instrument standard, n—a working standard used to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
standardize the portable retroreflectometer.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284Terminology of Appearance 4.1 This test method involves the use of commercial por-
table retroreflectometers for determining the coefficient of
1
luminous intensity of pavement markers.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on
4.2 Entrance angle component β shall be between −2° and
1
Retroreflection.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved 0°; entrance angle component β shall be 0° 6 2°.
2
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1696–02. DOI: 10.1520/
4.3 Unless otherwise specified by the user, the observation
E1696-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or angle shall be 0.2° 6 0.01°.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.4 The observation half plane shall be vertical. Rotation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. angle shall be 0° (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1696−04
5.2 There are some castings that block vehicle illumination
of a portion of the marker mounted within it. In this case,
measured R can be significantly lower than when the marker
I
is photometered
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E1696-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurements of RI made by this test method, with the 0.2° observation angle, are related to visual observation of raised retroreflective pavement markers at distances of approximately 220 m (720 ft) for cars or approximately 440 m (1440 ft) for trucks when illuminated by tungsten filament light sources such as car headlights.  
5.2 There are some castings that block vehicle illumination of a portion of the marker mounted within it. In this case, measured RI can be significantly lower than when the marker is photometered outside the casting, but will correspond to the visual observation.  
5.3 The test method is not applicable to raised pavement markers mounted in depressions cut into the pavement.  
5.4 The coefficient of luminous intensity of raised retroreflective pavement markers degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient visibility is provided to the driver.  
5.5 The quality of the pavement markers as to materials used, age and wear pattern, will have an effect on the coefficient of (retroreflected) luminous intensity. These conditions need to be observed and noted by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the retroreflective properties of raised retroreflective pavement markers at a prescribed geometry, by means of a portable retroreflectometer that can be used in the field. The measurements can be compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for replacement.  
1.2 The observation angle specified for retroreflectometers in this test method is that currently specified for raised pavement markers in the United States and may differ from the angles used elsewhere. For other jurisdictions, replace the observations angle specified herein with the observation angle specified by the pertinent agency.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of raised retroreflective pavement markers but may also be used to measure the performance of new markers before they are placed in the field.  
1.4 This test method covers measurements of raised pavement markers mounted on a road surface or mounted in snow-plowable metal castings.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2302-03a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination of Pavement Marking Materials Using a Portable Reflectometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quality of the stripe for visibility in daylight or under road lighting is determined by the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination, Qd, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.  
5.2 Under the same conditions of illumination and viewing, higher levels of Qd correspond to higher levels of lightness.  
5.3 Reflectivity of pavement (road) markings degrade with traffic wear and require periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.  
5.4 For a given viewing distance, measurements of Qd made with a reflectometer having a geometry corresponding to that distance are a good indicator of the visual ranking of material measured.  
5.5 specified by CEN, the measurement geometry of the instrument is based on a viewing distance of 30 m and an eye height of 1.2 m.  
5.6 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an instrument having the specified co-viewing angle.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination of horizontal pavement markings, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols, and pavement surfaces, in a particular viewing direction using a portable reflectometer.
Note 1: The luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination is a measure of the reflection of horizontal pavement markings and pavement surfaces in a particular viewing direction in daylight or under road lighting. Diffuse illumination approximates daylight illumination from the overcast sky, and road lighting as an average of locations on the pavement surface.  
1.2 The co-viewing angle of the reflectometer affects the readings. As specified by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the co-viewing angle shall be 2.29°.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of pavement markings and pavement surfaces but may be used to measure the performance of materials on sample panels before placing the marking material in the field.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3320-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials Using a Mobile Retroreflectometer Unit (MRU)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quality of the pavement marking is determined by the coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL, and depends on the materials used, age, wear pattern, application method, pavements surface, and other conditions.  
5.2 Under the same conditions of illumination and viewing, larger values of RL correspond to higher levels of visual performance in dark conditions.  
5.3 Retroreflectivity of pavement (road) markings degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.  
5.4 MRUs are used to measure RL values of road markings while moving at traffic speed, and can be used for longer stretches of road than portable instruments and in cases where the use of portable instruments require extensive precautions, in particular on motorways.  
5.5 The measurement geometry of the MRU is based on a viewing distance of 30 m, a headlight mounting height of 0.65 m directly over the stripe, and an eye height of 1.2 m directly over the marking according to CEN 1436 and Test Method E1710.  
5.6 MRUs are to be calibrated, maintained, and operated according to instructions by the instrument supplier or manufacturer.  
5.7 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an MRU fulfilling the required specifications in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the retroreflective properties of horizontal pavement marking materials containing retroreflecting optics, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols, using a mobile retroreflectometer unit that can be operated at traffic speed, mounted on a vehicle to measure the retroreflection at a prescribed geometry.  
1.2 The entrance and observation angles of the MRU affect the readings. As specified by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and in Test Method E1710, the entrance and observation angles shall be 88.76° and 1.05°, respectively.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of pavement markings at traffic speed.  
1.4 This test method is intended to be used for retroreflectivity measurement of dry pavement markings.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address regulatory and safety regulations of the MRU and its use. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to fulfill regulatory standards. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2177-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance (RL) of Pavement Markings using the Bucket Method in a Condition of Wet Recovery

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The nighttime performance of pavement markings is determined by the coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL, be it dry or wet, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.  
4.2 Under the same conditions of headlight illumination and driver’s viewing, larger values of RL correspond to higher levels of visual performance at corresponding geometry.  
4.3 The pavement marking’s measured performance in the condition of wet recovery is used to characterize the performance of the marking on the road when wet.  
4.4 Newly installed pavement markings may have a natural surface tension or release agents that prevent wetting of the product by water. The water will tend to “bead up” on the marking. This “non wetting” condition is usually short lived. Pavement markings that have been on the road for one month prior to testing usually do not exhibit this non-wetting phenomenon. (Warning—This phenomenon produces an interference when assessing the wet characteristics of a pavement marking. Attempts to measure markings with this surface “non-wetting” or “beading” of the water may give higher values.)  
4.5 The retroreflectivity, RL, of pavement (road) markings degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.  
4.6 For a given viewing distance, measurements of RL made with a retroreflectometer having a geometry corresponding to that viewing distance are a good indicator of the visual ranking of the material measured.  
4.7 As specified by Test Method E1710, the measurement geometry of the instrument is based on a viewing distance of 30 m, an eye height of 1.2 m and a headlight mounting height of 0.65 m (see Appendix X1).  
4.8 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an instrument having the specified observation and entrance angles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wet retroreflective (RL) properties of horizontal pavement marking materials, such as traffic stripes and road surface symbols, using a portable retroreflectometer that can be placed on or before the road marking to measure the retroreflection at the prescribed geometry.  
1.2 This method of measuring the wet retroreflective properties (RL) of pavement markings measures the wet retroreflectivity in a condition of wet recovery (see Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Illustration of Measurement  
1.2.1 This test condition typically exists (1) after a rainfall has ended and the pavement markings are still wet or (2) as the markings are wet from dew or humidity.  
1.3 Retroreflective performance obtained with this test in condition of wet recovery does not necessarily relate to how markings perform in conditions of rain, that is, as markings are being rained upon. Test Method E2832 defines a method to measure the performance of pavement markings in conditions of simulated rain.  
1.4 This test method specifies the use of portable reflectometers that can measure pavement markings in accordance with Test Method E1710.2 The entrance and observation angles required of the retroreflectometer in this test method are commonly referred to as “30 meter geometry.”2  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1710-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quality of the stripe is determined by the coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.  
5.2 Under the same conditions of illumination and viewing, larger values of RL correspond to higher levels of visual performance.  
5.3 Retroreflectivity of pavement (road) markings degrade with traffic wear and require periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.  
5.4 For a given viewing distance, measurements of RL made with a retroreflectometer having a geometry corresponding to that viewing distance are a good indicator of the visual ranking of material measured.  
5.5 As specified by CEN, the measurement geometry of the instrument is based on a viewing distance of 30 m, a headlight mounting height of 0.65 m directly over the stripe, and an eye height of 1.2 m directly over the stripe.  
5.6 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an instrument having the specified observation and entrance angles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the retroreflective properties of horizontal pavement marking materials containing retroreflecting beads, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols, using a portable retroreflectometer that can be placed on the road delineation to measure the retroreflection at a prescribed geometry.
Note 1: The restriction to bead based materials is for the purpose of ensuring a sufficiently gradual optical response function (from points of the source aperture to points of the receiver aperture) to allow generous sized instrument source and receiver apertures.  
1.2 The entrance and observation angles of the retroreflectometer affect the readings. As specified by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the entrance and observation angles shall be 88.76° and 1.05°, respectively.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of pavement markings but may be used to measure the performance of materials on sample panels before placing the marking material in the field.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2832-12(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Retroreflected Luminance of Pavement Markings in a Standard Condition of Continuous Wetting (RL-2)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method produces a measure of retroreflective efficiency (coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL-2) for a pavement marking system under conditions of continuous wetting. The test result depends on factors such as the pavement marking binder and optic materials, their application, wear from traffic and plowing, wetting rate, and road grade and cross slope.  
5.2 The measured retroreflective efficiency under conditions of continuous wetting may be used to characterize the properties of a pavement marking on the road as water is continuously falling on it. The retroreflective efficiency of the marking under conditions of continuous wetting is almost always different than under dry conditions.  
5.3 The wetting rate of 2 in./h represents the upper limit of what is meteorologically classified as heavy rainfall. Rainfall rates above 2 in./h are classified as extreme or violent, and are sometimes associated with weather such as tropical storms.  
5.4 The retroreflectivity of pavement markings degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that the coefficient of retroreflected luminance under continuous wetting meets requirements and provides adequate visibility for nighttime drivers.  
5.5 The continuous wetting rate as well as the roadway grade and cross slope impact the results of this test method. The user shall measure and report the rate used for testing.  
5.6 The roadway grade and cross slope adjacent to the measurement area impact the results of this test method. A digital level (inclinometer) can be used to quickly measure grade and cross slope.  
5.7 Results obtained using this test method should not be the sole basis for specifying and assessing the wet retroreflective effectiveness of pavement marking systems. Users should complement the results of this test method with other evaluation results, such as nighttime visual inspections.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a measurement of the wet retroreflective (RL-2) properties of horizontal pavement marking materials, such as traffic stripes and road surface symbols. A standardized method utilizing a standardized continuous wetting device and a portable retroreflectometer is described to obtain measurements of the wet retroreflective properties of horizontal pavement markings.  
1.2 Retroreflective performance obtained with this test in a standardized condition of continuous wetting does not necessarily relate to how markings perform in all conditions of natural rain.
Note 1: Test Method E2177 may be used to describe the retroreflective properties of pavement markings in conditions of wetness, such as after a period of rain.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for measurements made in the laboratory and in the field when the necessary controls and precautions are followed.  
1.4 This test method specifies the use of external beam retroreflectometers conforming to Test Method E1710.2 The entrance and observation angles required of the retroreflectometer in this test method are commonly referred to as “30 meter geometry.”2  
1.5 The test method excludes the effects of rain between the vehicle and the marking.  
1.6 Results obtained using this test method should not be the sole basis for specifying and assessing the wet retroreflective effectiveness of pavement marking systems. Users should complement the results of this test method with other evaluation results, such as nighttime visual inspections.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance wi...

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D140/D140M-16(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling is as important as testing, and precautions shall be taken to obtain samples to show the true nature and condition of the materials.  
4.2 Samples are taken for either of the following two purposes:  
4.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the bulk of the materials sampled, or  
4.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics which the material possesses.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the sampling of asphalt materials at points of manufacture, storage, or delivery.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8139-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.  
1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3319-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for the Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice simulates the polishing action of vehicular traffic on coarse aggregates used in bituminous pavements.  
4.2 A polish value is determined that may be used to rate or classify coarse aggregates for their ability to resist polishing under traffic.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependant upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure by which an estimate may be made of the extent to which different coarse aggregates may polish.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Regarding sieves, per Specification E11: “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D517-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Plank

ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors. Asphalt planks shall be classified according to usage: Type Ia; Type Ib; and Type II. Asphalt plank shall be formed from a mixture of asphalt, fibers, modifiers, or a combination thereof, and mineral filler in such a manner as to produce a uniformly dense mass. The following test methods shall be intended to measure those attributes necessary to measure the ability of asphalt plank to provide a reasonably long and satisfactory service: absorption; brittleness; dimensions; and hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphalt plank used for bridge decks as well as for industrial floors.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off