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ASTM D4778-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Deposits on heat transfer surfaces reduce efficiency of the heat exchanger affected. A method for easily determining the corrosion and fouling tendency of a particular water under heat transfer conditions will allow the evaluation of changes in the various system variables such as heat flux, flow velocity, metallurgy, cycles-of-concentration, and treatment schemes on heat exchanger performance.
Note—All pipe is threaded 1 in. (25 mm) PVC. Heater should be fused and grounded in accordance with local electrical codes. FIG. 1 Test Apparatus and Parts List
    Parts List:  (1) test specimen  (6) acrylic tube, 10 in. (25 cm) long by 1 in. (25 mm)
outside Diameter  (2) tube fitting; nylon (no metal parts) (7) Cartridge type heater (not shown)
   (3) reduci ng bushing, PVC  (4) tee, 1 in. (25 mm) PVC   (5) tube fitting, 1 in. (25 mm) tube by 1 in.
(25 mm) male pipe thread stainless steelFIG. 2 Test Assembly and Parts List
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides directions for fabricating and operating a test apparatus to simultaneously monitor the corrosion and fouling tendency of real and pilot cooling water systems under heat transfer conditions.
1.2 Interpretation of the results of this test method must be left to the investigator. Many variables are involved which may not be easily controlled or fully understood. Variations in design and operating conditions may produce results that are not comparable from unit to unit.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2004
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4778-94(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D4778-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010

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ASTM D4778-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer ConditionsASTM D4778-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
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ASTM D4778-05 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4778–05
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Corrosion and Fouling Tendency of
1
Cooling Water Under Heat Transfer Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
sion Test Specimens
1.1 This test method provides directions for fabricating and
G16 Guide forApplying Statistics toAnalysis of Corrosion
operating a test apparatus to simultaneously monitor the
Data
corrosion and fouling tendency of real and pilot cooling water
systems under heat transfer conditions.
3. Terminology
1.2 Interpretation of the results of this test method must be
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
lefttotheinvestigator.Manyvariablesareinvolvedwhichmay
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
not be easily controlled or fully understood. Variations in
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
design and operating conditions may produce results that are
3.2.1 corrosion—the deterioration of the metal by reaction
not comparable from unit to unit.
with its environment.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.2 fouling—deposition of organic matter or inorganic
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
matter, or both, on heat transfer surfaces that result in the loss
for information only.
of heat transfer efficiency.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.3 heat flux—heat transfer per unit area per unit time.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Water from the system to be tested flows across a heated
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tube of the desired metallurgy at a constant flow rate and heat
flux. Corrosion rate is determined by weight loss while fouling
2. Referenced Documents
2 tendency is determined by the deposit weight.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5. Significance and Use
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
5.1 Deposits on heat transfer surfaces reduce efficiency of
Water-Formed Deposits
the heat exchanger affected. A method for easily determining
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
the corrosion and fouling tendency of a particular water under
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
heat transfer conditions will allow the evaluation of changes in
the various system variables such as heat flux, flow velocity,
1
metallurgy, cycles-of-concentration, and treatment schemes on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and
heat exchanger performance.
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
6. Apparatus ( Fig. 1)
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally
´1 3 1
6.1 Test Specimen—Ametal tube of ⁄8 or ⁄2 in. (9.5 or 12.5
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4778 – 94 (1999) .
DOI: 10.1520/D4778-05.
mm) outside diameter with sufficient inside diameter to snug-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
gly accommodate the cartridge heater. The tube should be cut
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
to a length sufficient to extend ⁄2 in. (12.5 mm) from each end
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of the test assembly. If both corrosion and deposition are to be
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4778–05
NOTE 1—All pipe is threaded 1 in. (25 mm) PVC. Heater should be
fused and grounded in accordance with local electrical codes.
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus and Parts List
Parts List:
(1) test specimen (6) acrylic tube, 10 in. (25 cm) long by 1 in. (25 mm)
outside Diameter
(2) tube fitting; nylon (no metal parts) (7) Cartridge type heater (not shown)
(3) reduci ng bushing, PVC
(4) tee, 1 in. (25 mm) PVC
(5) tube fitting, 1 in. (25 mm) tube by 1 in.
(25 mm) male pipe thread stainless steel
FIG. 2 Test Assembly and Parts List
determined, metallurgy of the test specimen should match that 6.4 Flow Control—A flow meter or a
...

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5.1 Turbidity is monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of aquatic environments and to determine the impact of environmental events such as storms, floods, runoff, etc. Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant-effluent waters, water for food and beverage production, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Turbidity is often reduced by coagulation, sedimentation and water filtration. The measurement of turbidity may indicate the presence of particle-bound contaminants and is vital for monitoring the completion of a particle-waste settling process. Significant uses of turbidity measurements include:  
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1.1 This test method covers the in-situ field measurements of turbidity in surface water. The measurement range is greater than 1 TU and the lesser of 10 000 TU or the maximum measurable TU value specified by the turbidimeter manufacturer.  
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4.1 These test methods are applicable for such purposes as impurity detection and, in some cases, the quantitative measurement of ionic constituents dissolved in waters. These include dissolved electrolytes in natural and treated waters, such as boiler water, boiler feedwater, cooling water, and saline and brackish water.  
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19 to 23  
ment  
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This test method covers the apparatus and procedure for the electrometric measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in water. The test method described has been designed for the routine and process measurement of oxidation-reduction potential. ORP is defined as the electromotive force between a noble metal electrode and a reference electrode when immersed in a solution. The ORP electrodes are inert and measure the ratio of the activities of the oxidized to the reduced species present. In addition, the ORP electrodes reliably measure ORP in nearly all aqueous solutions and in general are not subject to solution interference from color, turbidity, colloidal matter, and suspended matter. The apparatus to be used in the measurement of ORP includes: pH meter, reference electrode, oxidation-reduction electrode and electrode assembly. Materials necessary in the procedure for ORP measurement include chemical reagents, aqua regia, water, buffer standard salts, phthalate reference buffer solution, phosphate reference buffer solution, chromic acid cleaning solution, detergent, nitric acid, redox standard solution or ferrous-ferric reference solution, and redox reference quinhydrone solutions.
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1.1 These practices provide directions for the preparation of the sample for analysis, the preliminary examination of the sample, and methods for dissolving the analytical sample or selectively separating constituents of concern.  
1.2 The general practices given here can be applied to analysis of samples from a variety of surfaces that are subject to water-formed deposits. However, the investigator must resort to individual experience and judgement in applying these procedures to specific problems.  
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Sections  
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8  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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